Question 1

What are the driving force (energetic) costs for the ATP-ADP translocase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Entropy; concentration gradient of ATP 
B)  membrane potential from electron transport 
C)  active transport by Na+-K+ ATPase 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  Entropy; concentration gradient of ATP 
B)  membrane potential from electron transport 
C)  active transport by Na+-K+ ATPase 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 2

The membrane protein __________________ couples the entry of ADP into the mitochondrial matrix with the exit of ATP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The membrane protein __________________ couples the entry...

Question 3

In the malate-aspartate shuttle, how is oxaloacetate (OAA) regenerated, given that there is no transporter for oxaloacetate across the inner membrane?

Accepted Answer

Inside the mitochondria, the malate is c

Question 4

__________________ is a molecular assembly in the inner mitochondrial membrane that carries out the synthesis of ATP.

Accepted Answer

F1F0 ATPas

Question 5

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is part of the _______________ shuttle.

Accepted Answer

A) Peter Mitchell 
B) chemiosmotic theory 
C) binding-change 
D) loose 
E) ATP
F)entropy
G)alpha subunit
H)tight
I)glycerol 3-phosphate
J)c ring
K)ATP-ADP translocase
L)malate-aspartate shuttle
M)Sir Hans Krebs 
A) Peter Mitchell 
B) chemiosmotic theory 
C) binding-change 
D) loose 
E) ATP
F)entropy
G)alpha subunit
H)tight
I)glycerol 3-phosphate
J)c ring
K)ATP-ADP translocase
L)malate-aspartate shuttle
M)Sir Hans Krebs

Question 6

What is the net ATP obtained from 1 cytoplasmic NADH when it is oxidized by the electron-transport chain, using the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle?

Accepted Answer

A)  2.5 
B)  1.5 
C)  2.0 
D)  1.0 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  2.5 
B)  1.5 
C)  2.0 
D)  1.0 
E)  None of the above.

Question 7

What is the actual function of the protons in the synthesis of ATP by F0F1 ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

The proton gradient is necessary for ATP

Question 8

ADP transport into the mitochondria is coupled to the export of _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) Peter Mitchell 
B) chemiosmotic theory 
C) binding-change 
D) loose 
E) ATP
F)entropy
G)alpha subunit
H)tight
I)glycerol 3-phosphate
J)c ring
K)ATP-ADP translocase
L)malate-aspartate shuttle
M)Sir Hans Krebs 
A) Peter Mitchell 
B) chemiosmotic theory 
C) binding-change 
D) loose 
E) ATP
F)entropy
G)alpha subunit
H)tight
I)glycerol 3-phosphate
J)c ring
K)ATP-ADP translocase
L)malate-aspartate shuttle
M)Sir Hans Krebs

Question 9

The antibiotic __________________ inhibits the flow of protons through ATP synthase.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The antibiotic __________________ inhibits the flow of...

Question 10

In the glycerol phosphate shuttle, cytoplasmic glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase uses cytoplasmic NADH to reduce __________________ to glycerol 3-phosphate.

Accepted Answer

dihydroxya

Question 11

_______________ first described the chemiosmotic hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) Peter Mitchell 
B) chemiosmotic theory 
C) binding-change 
D) loose 
E) ATP
F)entropy
G)alpha subunit
H)tight
I)glycerol 3-phosphate
J)c ring
K)ATP-ADP translocase
L)malate-aspartate shuttle
M)Sir Hans Krebs 
A) Peter Mitchell 
B) chemiosmotic theory 
C) binding-change 
D) loose 
E) ATP
F)entropy
G)alpha subunit
H)tight
I)glycerol 3-phosphate
J)c ring
K)ATP-ADP translocase
L)malate-aspartate shuttle
M)Sir Hans Krebs

Question 12

The protein that generates heat by permitting the influx of protons into the mitochondria without the synthesis of ATP is the __________________.

Accepted Answer

uncoupling

Question 13

The thermodynamic driving force of ATP synthesis caused by the pumping of protons is _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) Peter Mitchell 
B) chemiosmotic theory 
C) binding-change 
D) loose 
E) ATP
F)entropy
G)alpha subunit
H)tight
I)glycerol 3-phosphate
J)c ring
K)ATP-ADP translocase
L)malate-aspartate shuttle
M)Sir Hans Krebs 
A) Peter Mitchell 
B) chemiosmotic theory 
C) binding-change 
D) loose 
E) ATP
F)entropy
G)alpha subunit
H)tight
I)glycerol 3-phosphate
J)c ring
K)ATP-ADP translocase
L)malate-aspartate shuttle
M)Sir Hans Krebs

Question 14

The proton-motive force consist of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical gradient. 
B)  proton gradient. 
C)  electron gradient. 
D)  A and B. 
E)  A, B and C. 
A)  chemical gradient. 
B)  proton gradient. 
C)  electron gradient. 
D)  A and B. 
E)  A, B and C.

Question 15

Explain why carbon monoxide is toxic.

Accepted Answer

Carbon monoxide bonds to the ferrous ion

Question 16

What is the chemical effect of rotenone on aerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  The flow of electrons from NADH to CoQ is blocked. 
B)  The flow of electrons from cytochrome a,a3 to oxygen is blocked. 
C)  Oligomycin blocks the proton transfer through F0 of ATP synthase and therefore blocks the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP. 
D)  The transport of ATP out of and ADP into the mitochondria is blocked. 
E)  Oxidative phosphorylation is uncoupled from electron transport and all the energy is lost as heat. 
A)  The flow of electrons from NADH to CoQ is blocked. 
B)  The flow of electrons from cytochrome a,a3 to oxygen is blocked. 
C)  Oligomycin blocks the proton transfer through F0 of ATP synthase and therefore blocks the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP. 
D)  The transport of ATP out of and ADP into the mitochondria is blocked. 
E)  Oxidative phosphorylation is uncoupled from electron transport and all the energy is lost as heat.

Question 17

What are uncouplers? Provide an example of when they might be useful.

Accepted Answer

Uncouplers destroy the proton gradient a

Question 18

What is the reaction of ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

A)  AMP3- + 2 HPO42- + H+ ↔ ATP4- + H2O 
B)  ADP3- + HPO42- + H+ ↔ ATP4- + H2O 
C)  ADP3- + HPO42- + 2H+ ↔ ATP4- + H2O 
D)  AMP3- + 2 HPO42- + 2H+ ↔ ATP4- + H2O 
E)  None of the above 
A)  AMP3- + 2 HPO42- + H+ ↔ ATP4- + H2O 
B)  ADP3- + HPO42- + H+ ↔ ATP4- + H2O 
C)  ADP3- + HPO42- + 2H+ ↔ ATP4- + H2O 
D)  AMP3- + 2 HPO42- + 2H+ ↔ ATP4- + H2O 
E)  None of the above

Question 19

ATP is transported out of the mitochondria by the antiporter __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ATP is transported out of the mitochondria...

Question 20

_______________ is the name given to the hypothesis proposed by Peter Mitchell to explain how ATP synthesis is coupled to electron transport.

Accepted Answer

A) Peter Mitchell 
B) chemiosmotic theory 
C) binding-change 
D) loose 
E) ATP
F)entropy
G)alpha subunit
H)tight
I)glycerol 3-phosphate
J)c ring
K)ATP-ADP translocase
L)malate-aspartate shuttle
M)Sir Hans Krebs 
A) Peter Mitchell 
B) chemiosmotic theory 
C) binding-change 
D) loose 
E) ATP
F)entropy
G)alpha subunit
H)tight
I)glycerol 3-phosphate
J)c ring
K)ATP-ADP translocase
L)malate-aspartate shuttle
M)Sir Hans Krebs

Exam 21: The Proton-Motive Force

What are the driving force (energetic) costs for the ATP-ADP translocase?

The membrane protein __________________ couples the entry of ADP into the mitochondrial matrix with the exit of ATP.

In the malate-aspartate shuttle, how is oxaloacetate (OAA) regenerated, given that there is no transporter for oxaloacetate across the inner membrane?

__________________ is a molecular assembly in the inner mitochondrial membrane that carries out the synthesis of ATP.

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is part of the _______________ shuttle.

What is the net ATP obtained from 1 cytoplasmic NADH when it is oxidized by the electron-transport chain, using the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle?

What is the actual function of the protons in the synthesis of ATP by F0F1 ATP synthase?

ADP transport into the mitochondria is coupled to the export of _______________.

The antibiotic __________________ inhibits the flow of protons through ATP synthase.

In the glycerol phosphate shuttle, cytoplasmic glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase uses cytoplasmic NADH to reduce __________________ to glycerol 3-phosphate.

_______________ first described the chemiosmotic hypothesis.

The protein that generates heat by permitting the influx of protons into the mitochondria without the synthesis of ATP is the __________________.

The thermodynamic driving force of ATP synthesis caused by the pumping of protons is _______________.

The proton-motive force consist of a(n):

Explain why carbon monoxide is toxic.

What is the chemical effect of rotenone on aerobic metabolism?

What are uncouplers? Provide an example of when they might be useful.

What is the reaction of ATP synthase?

ATP is transported out of the mitochondria by the antiporter __________________.

_______________ is the name given to the hypothesis proposed by Peter Mitchell to explain how ATP synthesis is coupled to electron transport.

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Signal Transduction Pathways

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Preparation for the Cycle

Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Light Reactions

The Calvin Cycle

Glycogen Degradation

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Degredation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant Dna Techniques

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