Question 1

What is the function of liver glycogen degradation?

Accepted Answer

A)  to export glucose to other tissues when glucose levels are low 
B)  to maintain glucose levels after a large meal 
C)  to provide for the large energy needs of the liver 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  to export glucose to other tissues when glucose levels are low 
B)  to maintain glucose levels after a large meal 
C)  to provide for the large energy needs of the liver 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 2

The type of bond that is located at the branch points in glycogen is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon 
A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon

Question 3

The hydrolysis catalyzed by α-1,6-glucosidase releases a(n) ______________ molecule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hydrolysis catalyzed by α-1,6-glucosidase releases a(n)...

Question 4

Draw a structure showing the most common linkage between glucose units found in glycogen.

Accepted Answer

The structure should

Question 5

What physiological conditions render phosphorylase b less active?

Accepted Answer

A)  high ATP, high AMP, and glucose 6-phosphate levels 
B)  high ATP and low calcium ion levels 
C)  high ATP and high glucose 6-phosphate levels 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  high ATP, high AMP, and glucose 6-phosphate levels 
B)  high ATP and low calcium ion levels 
C)  high ATP and high glucose 6-phosphate levels 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 6

Why is the T state of glycogen phosphorylase less active?

Accepted Answer

A)  The adjacent amino acids are not phosphorylated; thus the catalysis cannot be carried out. 
B)  The active site is partially blocked. 
C)  ATP cannot be bound by the T state. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  The adjacent amino acids are not phosphorylated; thus the catalysis cannot be carried out. 
B)  The active site is partially blocked. 
C)  ATP cannot be bound by the T state. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 7

One mechanism for turning off glycogen degradation involves the removal of a phosphate group from glycogen phorphorylase by the enzyme ____________.

Accepted Answer

protein ph

Question 8

The process by which a bond is cleaved by the addition of orthophosphate is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon 
A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon

Question 9

____________: Most of the glucose residues in glycogen are linked by this type of bond.

Accepted Answer

A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon 
A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon

Question 10

____________ is the liver enzyme that cleaves the phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate.

Accepted Answer

A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon 
A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon

Question 11

Why can't the glucose 1-phosphate diffuse out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

There is no membrane transport

Question 12

What path, in addition to the cAMP-induced signal transduction, is used in the liver to stimulate glycogen breakdown by epinephrine?

Accepted Answer

In the liver, epinephrine also binds to

Question 13

Why is the formation of glucose 1-phosphate advantageous?

Accepted Answer

It is advantageous because the

Question 14

The protein ____________ is the δ subunit of phosphorylase kinase.

Accepted Answer

A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon 
A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon

Question 15

What are the two regulatory controls for phosphorylase kinase?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylase kinase is activa

Question 16

____________ takes place instead of hydrolysis in glycogen breakdown.

Accepted Answer

A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon 
A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon

Question 17

The hormone ____________ signifies the starved state.

Accepted Answer

A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon 
A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon

Question 18

The ____________ enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase.

Accepted Answer

A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon 
A) reducing 
B) ɑ-1,6-glycosidic 
C) phosphorylase kinase 
D) ɑ-1,4-glycoside 
E) nonreducing
F)phosphorylase a
G)glucose 6-phosphatase
H)UTP-glucose
I)calmodulin
J)phosphorolysis
K)epinephrine
L)glucagon

Question 19

The major site(s) of glycogen storage is (are):

Accepted Answer

A)  adipose tissue. 
B)  liver. 
C)  skeletal muscle. 
D)  B and C. 
E)  A, B, and C. 
A)  adipose tissue. 
B)  liver. 
C)  skeletal muscle. 
D)  B and C. 
E)  A, B, and C.

Question 20

Which liver enzyme is deficient in Hers disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorylase 
B)  transferase 
C)  glucosidase 
D)  phosphoglucomutase 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  phosphorylase 
B)  transferase 
C)  glucosidase 
D)  phosphoglucomutase 
E)  None of the above.

Exam 24: Glycogen Degradation

What is the function of liver glycogen degradation?

The type of bond that is located at the branch points in glycogen is ____________.

The hydrolysis catalyzed by α-1,6-glucosidase releases a(n) ______________ molecule.

Draw a structure showing the most common linkage between glucose units found in glycogen.

What physiological conditions render phosphorylase b less active?

Why is the T state of glycogen phosphorylase less active?

One mechanism for turning off glycogen degradation involves the removal of a phosphate group from glycogen phorphorylase by the enzyme ____________.

The process by which a bond is cleaved by the addition of orthophosphate is ____________.

____________: Most of the glucose residues in glycogen are linked by this type of bond.

____________ is the liver enzyme that cleaves the phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate.

Why can't the glucose 1-phosphate diffuse out of the cell?

What path, in addition to the cAMP-induced signal transduction, is used in the liver to stimulate glycogen breakdown by epinephrine?

Why is the formation of glucose 1-phosphate advantageous?

The protein ____________ is the δ subunit of phosphorylase kinase.

What are the two regulatory controls for phosphorylase kinase?

____________ takes place instead of hydrolysis in glycogen breakdown.

The hormone ____________ signifies the starved state.

The ____________ enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase.

The major site(s) of glycogen storage is (are):

Which liver enzyme is deficient in Hers disease?

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Signal Transduction Pathways

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Preparation for the Cycle

Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Proton-Motive Force

The Light Reactions

The Calvin Cycle

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Degredation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant Dna Techniques

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