Question 1

In the urea cycle, the carbon skeleton of aspartate is preserved as:

Accepted Answer

A)  succinate. 
B)  fumarate. 
C)  urea. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  succinate. 
B)  fumarate. 
C)  urea. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 2

In addition to increased fatty acid accumulation in the liver, excess consumption of ethanol can also induce two further stages of liver damage. What are they?

Accepted Answer

The second stage is alcoholic

Question 3

Ketogenic amino acids are degraded to which of the following metabolites?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate 
B)  acetyl CoA 
C)  acetoacetate 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  B and C 
A)  pyruvate 
B)  acetyl CoA 
C)  acetoacetate 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  B and C

Question 4

___________________ is the prosthetic group used in deaminations by dehydratases.

Accepted Answer

pyridoxal

Question 5

Why do you think that weight lifters take large amounts of branched-chain amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Branch chain amino acids are c

Question 6

The urea cycle is linked to gluconeogenesis via formation of ___________________, a precursor of glucose synthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The urea cycle is linked to gluconeogenesis...

Question 7

What type of damage occurs if there is a defect in the urea cycle?

Accepted Answer

A defect in this cycle causes hyperammon

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions 
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-_______________ is caused by defects in the urea cycle, which lead to an elevated level of ammonia in blood.

Accepted Answer

A) hyperammonemia 
B) aminotransferases 
C) methionine 
D) S-adenosylmethionine 
E) glutamate dehydrogenase
F)oxaloacetate
G)biopterin
H)glutamate
I)hippurate
J)urea
K)dehydratase
L)dioxygenases
M)ammonia disorder 
A) hyperammonemia 
B) aminotransferases 
C) methionine 
D) S-adenosylmethionine 
E) glutamate dehydrogenase
F)oxaloacetate
G)biopterin
H)glutamate
I)hippurate
J)urea
K)dehydratase
L)dioxygenases
M)ammonia disorder

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions 
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The cofactor required by phenylalanine hydroxylase is _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) hyperammonemia 
B) aminotransferases 
C) methionine 
D) S-adenosylmethionine 
E) glutamate dehydrogenase
F)oxaloacetate
G)biopterin
H)glutamate
I)hippurate
J)urea
K)dehydratase
L)dioxygenases
M)ammonia disorder 
A) hyperammonemia 
B) aminotransferases 
C) methionine 
D) S-adenosylmethionine 
E) glutamate dehydrogenase
F)oxaloacetate
G)biopterin
H)glutamate
I)hippurate
J)urea
K)dehydratase
L)dioxygenases
M)ammonia disorder

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions 
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The product _______________ results when aspartate is transaminated with ɑ-ketoglutarate.

Accepted Answer

A) hyperammonemia 
B) aminotransferases 
C) methionine 
D) S-adenosylmethionine 
E) glutamate dehydrogenase
F)oxaloacetate
G)biopterin
H)glutamate
I)hippurate
J)urea
K)dehydratase
L)dioxygenases
M)ammonia disorder 
A) hyperammonemia 
B) aminotransferases 
C) methionine 
D) S-adenosylmethionine 
E) glutamate dehydrogenase
F)oxaloacetate
G)biopterin
H)glutamate
I)hippurate
J)urea
K)dehydratase
L)dioxygenases
M)ammonia disorder

Question 11

Which amino acids supply carbons for eventual entry into metabolism as succinyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Methionine, Valine, Leucine 
B)  Methionine, Isoleucine, Valine 
C)  Isoleucine, Valine, Leucine 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  Methionine, Valine, Leucine 
B)  Methionine, Isoleucine, Valine 
C)  Isoleucine, Valine, Leucine 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 12

Which amino acid(s) is/are metabolites in the urea cycle, but is/are not used as (a) building block(s) of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  ornithine 
B)  citrulline 
C)  glutamate 
D)  A and B 
E)  A, B, and C 
A)  ornithine 
B)  citrulline 
C)  glutamate 
D)  A and B 
E)  A, B, and C

Question 13

In the degradation of amino acids, the amino nitrogens can eventually become the amino group of ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the degradation of amino acids, the...

Question 14

Uricotelic organisms release nitrogen as:

Accepted Answer

A)  NH4+. 
B)  arginine. 
C)  uric acid. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  NH4+. 
B)  arginine. 
C)  uric acid. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions 
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The ______________ enzymes transfer an ɑ-amino group from amino acids to ɑ-ketoglutarate.

Accepted Answer

A) hyperammonemia 
B) aminotransferases 
C) methionine 
D) S-adenosylmethionine 
E) glutamate dehydrogenase
F)oxaloacetate
G)biopterin
H)glutamate
I)hippurate
J)urea
K)dehydratase
L)dioxygenases
M)ammonia disorder 
A) hyperammonemia 
B) aminotransferases 
C) methionine 
D) S-adenosylmethionine 
E) glutamate dehydrogenase
F)oxaloacetate
G)biopterin
H)glutamate
I)hippurate
J)urea
K)dehydratase
L)dioxygenases
M)ammonia disorder

Question 16

The hydrolysis of arginine by arginase produces ornithine and ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hydrolysis of arginine by arginase produces...

Question 17

In the urea cycle, free NH4+ is coupled with carboxyphosphate to form:

Accepted Answer

A)  uretic phosphate. 
B)  pyruvate. 
C)  carbamic acid. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  uretic phosphate. 
B)  pyruvate. 
C)  carbamic acid. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above

Question 18

In the first step of the urea cycle, CO2 and NH4+ are converted into ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the first step of the urea...

Question 19

In adults, the urea cycle produces sufficient quantities of ___________________ so that it is not considered an essential amino acid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In adults, the urea cycle produces sufficient...

Question 20

Nitrogen is transported from muscle to liver in the form of ___________________or _______________.

Accepted Answer

alanine or

Exam 30: Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

In the urea cycle, the carbon skeleton of aspartate is preserved as:

In addition to increased fatty acid accumulation in the liver, excess consumption of ethanol can also induce two further stages of liver damage. What are they?

Ketogenic amino acids are degraded to which of the following metabolites?

___________________ is the prosthetic group used in deaminations by dehydratases.

Why do you think that weight lifters take large amounts of branched-chain amino acids?

The urea cycle is linked to gluconeogenesis via formation of ___________________, a precursor of glucose synthesis.

What type of damage occurs if there is a defect in the urea cycle?

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -_______________ is caused by defects in the urea cycle, which lead to an elevated level of ammonia in blood.

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The cofactor required by phenylalanine hydroxylase is _______________.

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The product _______________ results when aspartate is transaminated with ɑ-ketoglutarate.

Which amino acids supply carbons for eventual entry into metabolism as succinyl CoA?

Which amino acid(s) is/are metabolites in the urea cycle, but is/are not used as (a) building block(s) of proteins?

In the degradation of amino acids, the amino nitrogens can eventually become the amino group of ___________________.

Uricotelic organisms release nitrogen as:

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The ______________ enzymes transfer an ɑ-amino group from amino acids to ɑ-ketoglutarate.

The hydrolysis of arginine by arginase produces ornithine and ___________________.

In the urea cycle, free NH4+ is coupled with carboxyphosphate to form:

In the first step of the urea cycle, CO2 and NH4+ are converted into ___________________.

In adults, the urea cycle produces sufficient quantities of ___________________ so that it is not considered an essential amino acid.

Nitrogen is transported from muscle to liver in the form of ___________________or _______________.

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Signal Transduction Pathways

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Preparation for the Cycle

Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Proton-Motive Force

The Light Reactions

The Calvin Cycle

Glycogen Degradation

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Degredation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant Dna Techniques

Filters

Nitrogen is transported from muscle to liver in the form of _____or _.