Question 1

What anatomical specialization is typical of C4 plants?

Accepted Answer

A) Mesophyll cells are scattered throughout the interior of the leaf. 
B) Bundle sheath cells are scattered throughout the interior of the leaf. 
C) C4 plants have two concentric cylinders of cells around their vascular tissue. 
D) The leaves are coated with extra waxy material. 
E) Rubisco floats free in the air spaces in the leaves of C4 plants. 
A) Mesophyll cells are scattered throughout the interior of the leaf. 
B) Bundle sheath cells are scattered throughout the interior of the leaf. 
C) C4 plants have two concentric cylinders of cells around their vascular tissue. 
D) The leaves are coated with extra waxy material. 
E) Rubisco floats free in the air spaces in the leaves of C4 plants.

Question 2

Chloroplasts were discovered as the site of photosynthesis in an ingenious experiment.What was it?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxygen could be seen as it was produced in chloroplasts. 
B) Chloroplasts were seen to swell in the presence of sunlight. 
C) Spirogyra in the dark shrank and their chloroplast disappeared. 
D) When Spirogyra was illuminated,actively moving bacteria gathered outside the cell near its large ribbon-like chloroplast to use the oxygen produced there for aerobic respiration. 
E) None of these are correct. 
A) Oxygen could be seen as it was produced in chloroplasts. 
B) Chloroplasts were seen to swell in the presence of sunlight. 
C) Spirogyra in the dark shrank and their chloroplast disappeared. 
D) When Spirogyra was illuminated,actively moving bacteria gathered outside the cell near its large ribbon-like chloroplast to use the oxygen produced there for aerobic respiration. 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 3

Where are the enzymes that synthesize carbohydrates located?

Accepted Answer

A) grana 
B) thylakoids 
C) the lumen 
D) stroma 
E) chloroplast envelope 
A) grana 
B) thylakoids 
C) the lumen 
D) stroma 
E) chloroplast envelope

Question 4

About how many chlorophyll molecules are found in a single photosynthetic unit and how many of those chlorophyll molecules actually transfer electrons to an electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

A) 300,200 
B) 300,1 
C) 300,300 
D) 2400,300 
E) 2,1 
A) 300,200 
B) 300,1 
C) 300,300 
D) 2400,300 
E) 2,1

Question 5

Why might Rubisco have evolved with an inability to distinguish between CO2 and O2?

Accepted Answer

A) Rubisco may have evolved at a time when atmospheric O2 levels were virtually nonexistent. 
B) Rubisco may have evolved at a time when atmospheric CO2 levels were virtually nonexistent. 
C) Rubisco evolved when atmospheric O2 levels were high. 
D) Rubisco possesses four subunits. 
E) Rubisco denatures due to photorespiration. 
A) Rubisco may have evolved at a time when atmospheric O2 levels were virtually nonexistent. 
B) Rubisco may have evolved at a time when atmospheric CO2 levels were virtually nonexistent. 
C) Rubisco evolved when atmospheric O2 levels were high. 
D) Rubisco possesses four subunits. 
E) Rubisco denatures due to photorespiration.

Question 6

How can green light drive any photosynthesis given that chlorophyll,the major photosynthetic pigment,is green?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll is green and therefore refle

Question 7

The production of ATP in chloroplasts and mitochondria differs in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A) The protons move into the stroma in chloroplasts and out of the mitochondria. 
B) In mitochondria,the force is expressed primarily as an electrochemical potential; in chloroplasts,it is largely,if not exclusively,due to a pH gradient. 
C) In mitochondria,the force is expressed primarily as a pH gradient; in chloroplasts,it is largely,if not exclusively,due to an electrochemical potential. 
D) The protons move into the intermembrane space in chloroplasts and into the thylakoid lumen in mitochondria. 
E) The protons move into the matrix in mitochondria and into the cytoplasm in chloroplasts. 
A) The protons move into the stroma in chloroplasts and out of the mitochondria. 
B) In mitochondria,the force is expressed primarily as an electrochemical potential; in chloroplasts,it is largely,if not exclusively,due to a pH gradient. 
C) In mitochondria,the force is expressed primarily as a pH gradient; in chloroplasts,it is largely,if not exclusively,due to an electrochemical potential. 
D) The protons move into the intermembrane space in chloroplasts and into the thylakoid lumen in mitochondria. 
E) The protons move into the matrix in mitochondria and into the cytoplasm in chloroplasts.

Question 8

Why is CO2 split off of the C4 carriers once they get into the bundle sheath cells?

Accepted Answer

A) so that the CO2 can be used by Rubisco to initiate the Calvin cycle 
B) so that the CO2 can be used by PEP carboxylase to initiate the Calvin cycle 
C) so that the CO2 can be used by Rubisco to initiate the Hatch-Slack pathway 
D) so that the CO2 can be used by PEP carboxylase to initiate the Hatch-Slack pathway 
E) so that the O2 can be used by Rubisco to initiate the Calvin cycle 
A) so that the CO2 can be used by Rubisco to initiate the Calvin cycle 
B) so that the CO2 can be used by PEP carboxylase to initiate the Calvin cycle 
C) so that the CO2 can be used by Rubisco to initiate the Hatch-Slack pathway 
D) so that the CO2 can be used by PEP carboxylase to initiate the Hatch-Slack pathway 
E) so that the O2 can be used by Rubisco to initiate the Calvin cycle

Question 9

A cluster of what kind of ions is responsible for passing electrons one-at-a-time to the nearby P680+ in the reaction center?

Accepted Answer

A) a cluster of iron ions 
B) a cluster of 4 manganese ions and one calcium ion 
C) a cluster of magnesium ions 
D) a cluster of copper ions 
E) a cluster of manganese ions 
A) a cluster of iron ions 
B) a cluster of 4 manganese ions and one calcium ion 
C) a cluster of magnesium ions 
D) a cluster of copper ions 
E) a cluster of manganese ions

Question 10

What part of the chlorophyll molecule absorbs light?

Accepted Answer

A) the phytol chain 
B) the porphyrin ring 
C) the iron containing heme group 
D) the polypeptide backbone 
E) the perforin ring 
A) the phytol chain 
B) the porphyrin ring 
C) the iron containing heme group 
D) the polypeptide backbone 
E) the perforin ring

Question 11

Into which structure is malate transported during nighttime carbon fixation?

Accepted Answer

A) the plasma membrane 
B) the mitochondrion 
C) the central vacuole 
D) the lysosome 
E) the endoplasmic reticulum 
A) the plasma membrane 
B) the mitochondrion 
C) the central vacuole 
D) the lysosome 
E) the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

What is the mechanism of action by which the herbicide paraquat kills plants?

Accepted Answer

A) It competes with ferredoxin for electrons from the PSI reaction center. 
B) It interferes with PSI function. 
C) Electrons attached to paraquat are used to reduce oxygen,generating highly reactive oxygen radicals. 
D) It leads to the production of substances that damage the chloroplasts and kill the plant. 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) It competes with ferredoxin for electrons from the PSI reaction center. 
B) It interferes with PSI function. 
C) Electrons attached to paraquat are used to reduce oxygen,generating highly reactive oxygen radicals. 
D) It leads to the production of substances that damage the chloroplasts and kill the plant. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 13

What do sulfur bacteria use as a source of electrons in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen sulfide 
B) water 
C) hydrogen sulfite 
D) carbon dioxide 
E) glucose 
A) hydrogen sulfide 
B) water 
C) hydrogen sulfite 
D) carbon dioxide 
E) glucose

Question 14

What waste product of photolysis is released to the environment?

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide 
B) water 
C) oxygen 
D) ammonia 
E) precipitated manganese 
A) carbon dioxide 
B) water 
C) oxygen 
D) ammonia 
E) precipitated manganese

Question 15

Which type of chlorophyll is found in brown algae,diatoms and certain protozoa?

Accepted Answer

A) Chlorophyll a 
B) Chlorophyll b 
C) Chlorophyll c 
D) Bacteriochlorophyll 
E) carotenoids 
A) Chlorophyll a 
B) Chlorophyll b 
C) Chlorophyll c 
D) Bacteriochlorophyll 
E) carotenoids

Question 16

What group of organisms is thought to responsible for converting about 500 trillion kg of CO2 to carbohydrate each year?

Accepted Answer

A) plant life 
B) phytoplankton 
C) fungi 
D) bacteria 
E) moss 
A) plant life 
B) phytoplankton 
C) fungi 
D) bacteria 
E) moss

Question 17

As energy passes through a photosynthetic unit,it is transferred to a pigment molecule that absorbs at a(n)______ wavelength,so energy is _____ and the nature of future transfers becomes restricted.

Accepted Answer

A) equal or longer,lost 
B) equal or longer,gained 
C) equal or shorter,gained 
D) equal or shorter,lost 
E) equal,the same 
A) equal or longer,lost 
B) equal or longer,gained 
C) equal or shorter,gained 
D) equal or shorter,lost 
E) equal,the same

Question 18

Why was the number of heterotrophs on primitive Earth likely to have initially been severely restricted?

Accepted Answer

A) The spontaneous production of organic molecules occurs very slowly. 
B) The spontaneous production of organic molecules occurs very quickly. 
C) The early heterotrophs could not reproduce. 
D) The early heterotrophs reproduced too quickly. 
E) Organic molecules spontaneously broke down keeping their amounts low. 
A) The spontaneous production of organic molecules occurs very slowly. 
B) The spontaneous production of organic molecules occurs very quickly. 
C) The early heterotrophs could not reproduce. 
D) The early heterotrophs reproduced too quickly. 
E) Organic molecules spontaneously broke down keeping their amounts low.

Question 19

______is a small,water-soluble,iron-sulfur protein that transfers electrons to NADP+ to form NADPH.

Accepted Answer

A) ferritin 
B) sulfotriene 
C) sulfate 
D) ferredoxin 
E) sulferritin 
A) ferritin 
B) sulfotriene 
C) sulfate 
D) ferredoxin 
E) sulferritin

Question 20

Which type of photophosphorylation predominates under conditions of high NADP+ concentration and under conditions of high NADPH and low ATP concentration?

Accepted Answer

Under conditions of high NADP⁺ concentrat

What anatomical specialization is typical of C₄ plants?

Chloroplasts were discovered as the site of photosynthesis in an ingenious experiment.What was it?

Where are the enzymes that synthesize carbohydrates located?

About how many chlorophyll molecules are found in a single photosynthetic unit and how many of those chlorophyll molecules actually transfer electrons to an electron acceptor?

Why might Rubisco have evolved with an inability to distinguish between CO₂ and O₂?

How can green light drive any photosynthesis given that chlorophyll,the major photosynthetic pigment,is green?

The production of ATP in chloroplasts and mitochondria differs in which of the following ways?

Why is CO₂ split off of the C₄ carriers once they get into the bundle sheath cells?

A cluster of what kind of ions is responsible for passing electrons one-at-a-time to the nearby P680+ in the reaction center?

What part of the chlorophyll molecule absorbs light?

Into which structure is malate transported during nighttime carbon fixation?

What is the mechanism of action by which the herbicide paraquat kills plants?

What do sulfur bacteria use as a source of electrons in photosynthesis?

What waste product of photolysis is released to the environment?

Which type of chlorophyll is found in brown algae,diatoms and certain protozoa?

What group of organisms is thought to responsible for converting about 500 trillion kg of CO₂ to carbohydrate each year?

As energy passes through a photosynthetic unit,it is transferred to a pigment molecule that absorbs at a(n)__ wavelength,so energy is _ and the nature of future transfers becomes restricted.

Why was the number of heterotrophs on primitive Earth likely to have initially been severely restricted?

______is a small,water-soluble,iron-sulfur protein that transfers electrons to NADP⁺ to form NADPH.

Which type of photophosphorylation predominates under conditions of high NADP⁺ concentration and under conditions of high NADPH and low ATP concentration?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 6: Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

What anatomical specialization is typical of C4 plants?

Chloroplasts were discovered as the site of photosynthesis in an ingenious experiment.What was it?

Where are the enzymes that synthesize carbohydrates located?

About how many chlorophyll molecules are found in a single photosynthetic unit and how many of those chlorophyll molecules actually transfer electrons to an electron acceptor?

Why might Rubisco have evolved with an inability to distinguish between CO2 and O2?

How can green light drive any photosynthesis given that chlorophyll,the major photosynthetic pigment,is green?

The production of ATP in chloroplasts and mitochondria differs in which of the following ways?

Why is CO2 split off of the C4 carriers once they get into the bundle sheath cells?

A cluster of what kind of ions is responsible for passing electrons one-at-a-time to the nearby P680+ in the reaction center?

What part of the chlorophyll molecule absorbs light?

Into which structure is malate transported during nighttime carbon fixation?

What is the mechanism of action by which the herbicide paraquat kills plants?

What do sulfur bacteria use as a source of electrons in photosynthesis?

What waste product of photolysis is released to the environment?

Which type of chlorophyll is found in brown algae,diatoms and certain protozoa?

What group of organisms is thought to responsible for converting about 500 trillion kg of CO2 to carbohydrate each year?

As energy passes through a photosynthetic unit,it is transferred to a pigment molecule that absorbs at a(n)______ wavelength,so energy is _____ and the nature of future transfers becomes restricted.

Why was the number of heterotrophs on primitive Earth likely to have initially been severely restricted?

______is a small,water-soluble,iron-sulfur protein that transfers electrons to NADP+ to form NADPH.

Which type of photophosphorylation predominates under conditions of high NADP+ concentration and under conditions of high NADPH and low ATP concentration?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

What anatomical specialization is typical of C₄ plants?

Why might Rubisco have evolved with an inability to distinguish between CO₂ and O₂?

Why is CO₂ split off of the C₄ carriers once they get into the bundle sheath cells?

What group of organisms is thought to responsible for converting about 500 trillion kg of CO₂ to carbohydrate each year?

As energy passes through a photosynthetic unit,it is transferred to a pigment molecule that absorbs at a(n)__ wavelength,so energy is _ and the nature of future transfers becomes restricted.

______is a small,water-soluble,iron-sulfur protein that transfers electrons to NADP⁺ to form NADPH.

Which type of photophosphorylation predominates under conditions of high NADP⁺ concentration and under conditions of high NADPH and low ATP concentration?