Question 1

How do muscle cells become multinucleate?

Accepted Answer

A) They undergo fission. 
B) They become multinucleate via the embryonic fusion of large numbers of mononucleate myoblasts. 
C) They become multinucleate via the embryonic fusion of large numbers of multinucleate myoblasts. 
D) They become multinucleate via mitosis in myoblasts without cytokinesis. 
E) They become multinucleate via the embryonic fusion of mononucleaate neuroblasts. 
A) They undergo fission. 
B) They become multinucleate via the embryonic fusion of large numbers of mononucleate myoblasts. 
C) They become multinucleate via the embryonic fusion of large numbers of multinucleate myoblasts. 
D) They become multinucleate via mitosis in myoblasts without cytokinesis. 
E) They become multinucleate via the embryonic fusion of mononucleaate neuroblasts.

Question 2

The role of building the cytokinetic ring during cell division in prokaryotes is executed by _________.

Accepted Answer

A) actin 
B) tubulin 
C) FtsZ 
D) ParM 
E) Crescentin 
A) actin 
B) tubulin 
C) FtsZ 
D) ParM 
E) Crescentin

Question 3

A(n)________ motor,like muscle myosin (myosin II)and unlike myosin V,remains in contact with its track,in this case the thin filament,for only a small portion,less than 5 percent,of the overall cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) processive 
B) nonprocessive 
C) efficient 
D) small 
E) large 
A) processive 
B) nonprocessive 
C) efficient 
D) small 
E) large

Question 4

___________ are recently discovered diseases that result from organelle dysfunction.Specifically,each of these diseases is a set of seemingly unrelated disease symptoms that all result from defects in cilia.

Accepted Answer

A) Flagellopathies 
B) Cilioflagellar diseases 
C) Ciliopathies 
D) Ciliary diseases 
E) Pathophysicilias 
A) Flagellopathies 
B) Cilioflagellar diseases 
C) Ciliopathies 
D) Ciliary diseases 
E) Pathophysicilias

Question 5

The simplest and the original assumption about step size for molecular motors was that as the motor protein walked along the actin or microtubule polymer it would step__________.

Accepted Answer

A) 10 nm for every ATP that was hydrolyzed whether it was traveling along actin or tubulin 
B) the distance of one tubulin dimer or actin subunit for every 2 ATPs that were hydrolyzed 
C) the distance of three tubulin dimers or actin subunits for every ATP that was hydrolyzed 
D) random distances along the cytoskeletal polymer for every ATP that was hydrolyzed 
E) the distance of one tubulin dimer or actin subunit for every ATP that was hydrolyzed 
A) 10 nm for every ATP that was hydrolyzed whether it was traveling along actin or tubulin 
B) the distance of one tubulin dimer or actin subunit for every 2 ATPs that were hydrolyzed 
C) the distance of three tubulin dimers or actin subunits for every ATP that was hydrolyzed 
D) random distances along the cytoskeletal polymer for every ATP that was hydrolyzed 
E) the distance of one tubulin dimer or actin subunit for every ATP that was hydrolyzed

Question 6

After they have elongated,the cells of the neural epithelium become constricted at one end,causing them to become wedge shaped and leading the entire layer of cells to curve inward.What causes this constriction?

Accepted Answer

A) contraction of microtubules in the cytoplasm just above the basal cell membrane 
B) lengthening of microtubules in the cytoplasm just below the apical cell membrane 
C) contraction of a band of microfilaments that assemble in the cortical region of the cells just above the basal cell membrane 
D) contraction of a band of microfilaments that assemble in the cortical region of the cells just beneath the apical cell membrane 
E) shortening of microtubules in the cytoplasm just below the apical cell membrane 
A) contraction of microtubules in the cytoplasm just above the basal cell membrane 
B) lengthening of microtubules in the cytoplasm just below the apical cell membrane 
C) contraction of a band of microfilaments that assemble in the cortical region of the cells just above the basal cell membrane 
D) contraction of a band of microfilaments that assemble in the cortical region of the cells just beneath the apical cell membrane 
E) shortening of microtubules in the cytoplasm just below the apical cell membrane

Question 7

Which MTOC gives rise to cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

A) a centrosome 
B) basal bodies 
C) centriole 
D) PCM 
E) the plus end 
A) a centrosome 
B) basal bodies 
C) centriole 
D) PCM 
E) the plus end

Question 8

Toward the end of gastrulation in vertebrates,the ectodermal cells situated along the embryo's dorsal surface elongate and form a tall epithelial layer that is called the _________.

Accepted Answer

A) gastrula 
B) neuroderm 
C) neuralemma 
D) blastoderm 
E) neural plate 
A) gastrula 
B) neuroderm 
C) neuralemma 
D) blastoderm 
E) neural plate

Question 9

Why is myosin V able to take very large steps along a microfilament?

Accepted Answer

A) Its neck is twisted. 
B) Its neck is relatively long. 
C) Its neck is relatively short. 
D) Its tail is very long. 
E) Its tail is bipolar. 
A) Its neck is twisted. 
B) Its neck is relatively long. 
C) Its neck is relatively short. 
D) Its tail is very long. 
E) Its tail is bipolar.

Question 10

What kinds of forces are thought to hold microtubular structure together?

Accepted Answer

A) strong interactions 
B) noncovalent interactions 
C) covalent interactions 
D) magnetism 
E) strong interactions and covalent interactions 
A) strong interactions 
B) noncovalent interactions 
C) covalent interactions 
D) magnetism 
E) strong interactions and covalent interactions

Question 11

In a normal microtubule,how many protofilaments make up its cylindrical wall?

Accepted Answer

A) 13 
B) 15 
C) 11 
D) 9 
E) 17 
A) 13 
B) 15 
C) 11 
D) 9 
E) 17

Question 12

The protein _________ has been implicated in regulating the shape of some bacterial cells; it is expressed in rod-shaped and helical bacteria.It resembles __________in structure.

Accepted Answer

A) MreB,tubulin 
B) MreB,actin 
C) CreS,tubulin 
D) CreS,actin 
E) ParM,keratin 
A) MreB,tubulin 
B) MreB,actin 
C) CreS,tubulin 
D) CreS,actin 
E) ParM,keratin

Question 13

What is the name of the densely staining area between the lightly staining areas at the outer edges of a sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

A) A bands 
B) H zones 
C) I bands 
D) Z lines 
E) M lines 
A) A bands 
B) H zones 
C) I bands 
D) Z lines 
E) M lines

Question 14

The current model for the nucleation of microtubules is that a helical array of $\gamma$-tubulin subunits forms an open,lock-washer-like ring-shaped template upon which the first row of $\alpha$$\beta$-tubulin dimers assembles.How does this model account for the polarity of microtubules?

Accepted Answer

A) Only the $\alpha$-tubulin of a heterodimer can bind to the ring of $\gamma$-subunits. 
B) Only the$\beta$-tubulin of a heterodimer can bind to the ring of $\gamma$-subunits. 
C) The ring structure straightens out the microtubule. 
D) The ring structure interacts with a homodimer instead of a heterodimer. 
E) Only the$\alpha$-tubulin of a heterodimer can bind to the ring of $\gamma$-subunits and the ring structure straightens out the microtubule. 
A) Only the $\alpha$-tubulin of a heterodimer can bind to the ring of $\gamma$-subunits. 
B) Only the$\beta$-tubulin of a heterodimer can bind to the ring of $\gamma$-subunits. 
C) The ring structure straightens out the microtubule. 
D) The ring structure interacts with a homodimer instead of a heterodimer. 
E) Only the$\alpha$-tubulin of a heterodimer can bind to the ring of $\gamma$-subunits and the ring structure straightens out the microtubule.

Question 15

One of the WASP/WAVE family of proteins,specifically WASP,the founding member of the family,is associated with what disease below?

Accepted Answer

A) hemophilia 
B) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 
C) lymphoma 
D) lupus erythematosus 
E) Wallace's syndrome 
A) hemophilia 
B) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 
C) lymphoma 
D) lupus erythematosus 
E) Wallace's syndrome

Question 16

________ proteins share considerable sequence homology with actins and accelerate the polymerization of actin filaments.

Accepted Answer

A) Actin-nucleating 
B) Actin-racemase 
C) Actin-related 
D) Tubulin-related 
E) Actin-rated 
A) Actin-nucleating 
B) Actin-racemase 
C) Actin-related 
D) Tubulin-related 
E) Actin-rated

Question 17

Which of the following traits is not seen upon close examination of a living growth cone of an elongating axon?

Accepted Answer

A) a broad,flattened lamellipodium that creeps out over the substratum 
B) stiff microspikes pointing outward to the edge of the lamellipodium 
C) many cilia that attach to the substratum and pull the growth cone forward 
D) highly elongated filopodia that extend and retract continuously 
E) all of these choices 
A) a broad,flattened lamellipodium that creeps out over the substratum 
B) stiff microspikes pointing outward to the edge of the lamellipodium 
C) many cilia that attach to the substratum and pull the growth cone forward 
D) highly elongated filopodia that extend and retract continuously 
E) all of these choices

Question 18

The cilia-driven flow in human and mouse embryos is detected by ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) renin 
B) the Na+-K+ pump 
C) polycystins 
D) polyphenylin 
E) cysteine 
A) renin 
B) the Na+-K+ pump 
C) polycystins 
D) polyphenylin 
E) cysteine

Question 19

Researchers worked with mouse embryos that had non‐motile cilia and used a pump to drive an artificially created flow over their surface.When the flow was leftward directed,the mice developed _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) normal organ positions 
B) situs inversus 
C) randomly placed organ positions 
D) the embryos die fairly early in development 
E) the embryos develop into identical twin embryos 
A) normal organ positions 
B) situs inversus 
C) randomly placed organ positions 
D) the embryos die fairly early in development 
E) the embryos develop into identical twin embryos

Question 20

The protein ParM has been shown to play a role in plasmid segregation during bacterial cell division analogous to the action of ___________ during mitosis and is structurally similar to __________.

Accepted Answer

A) microfilaments,actin 
B) microfilaments,tubulin 
C) microtubules,tubulin 
D) intermediate filaments,keratin 
E) microtubules,actin 
A) microfilaments,actin 
B) microfilaments,tubulin 
C) microtubules,tubulin 
D) intermediate filaments,keratin 
E) microtubules,actin

How do muscle cells become multinucleate?

The role of building the cytokinetic ring during cell division in prokaryotes is executed by _________.

A(n)________ motor,like muscle myosin (myosin II)and unlike myosin V,remains in contact with its track,in this case the thin filament,for only a small portion,less than 5 percent,of the overall cycle.

___________ are recently discovered diseases that result from organelle dysfunction.Specifically,each of these diseases is a set of seemingly unrelated disease symptoms that all result from defects in cilia.

The simplest and the original assumption about step size for molecular motors was that as the motor protein walked along the actin or microtubule polymer it would step__________.

After they have elongated,the cells of the neural epithelium become constricted at one end,causing them to become wedge shaped and leading the entire layer of cells to curve inward.What causes this constriction?

Which MTOC gives rise to cilia and flagella?

Toward the end of gastrulation in vertebrates,the ectodermal cells situated along the embryo's dorsal surface elongate and form a tall epithelial layer that is called the _________.

Why is myosin V able to take very large steps along a microfilament?

What kinds of forces are thought to hold microtubular structure together?

In a normal microtubule,how many protofilaments make up its cylindrical wall?

The protein _ has been implicated in regulating the shape of some bacterial cells; it is expressed in rod-shaped and helical bacteria.It resembles __in structure.

What is the name of the densely staining area between the lightly staining areas at the outer edges of a sarcomere?

The current model for the nucleation of microtubules is that a helical array of $\gamma$ -tubulin subunits forms an open,lock-washer-like ring-shaped template upon which the first row of $\alpha$ $\beta$ -tubulin dimers assembles.How does this model account for the polarity of microtubules?

One of the WASP/WAVE family of proteins,specifically WASP,the founding member of the family,is associated with what disease below?

________ proteins share considerable sequence homology with actins and accelerate the polymerization of actin filaments.

Which of the following traits is not seen upon close examination of a living growth cone of an elongating axon?

The cilia-driven flow in human and mouse embryos is detected by ___________.

Researchers worked with mouse embryos that had non‐motile cilia and used a pump to drive an artificially created flow over their surface.When the flow was leftward directed,the mice developed _____________.

The protein ParM has been shown to play a role in plasmid segregation during bacterial cell division analogous to the action of _ during mitosis and is structurally similar to .

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 9: The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

How do muscle cells become multinucleate?

The role of building the cytokinetic ring during cell division in prokaryotes is executed by _________.

A(n)________ motor,like muscle myosin (myosin II)and unlike myosin V,remains in contact with its track,in this case the thin filament,for only a small portion,less than 5 percent,of the overall cycle.

___________ are recently discovered diseases that result from organelle dysfunction.Specifically,each of these diseases is a set of seemingly unrelated disease symptoms that all result from defects in cilia.

The simplest and the original assumption about step size for molecular motors was that as the motor protein walked along the actin or microtubule polymer it would step__________.

After they have elongated,the cells of the neural epithelium become constricted at one end,causing them to become wedge shaped and leading the entire layer of cells to curve inward.What causes this constriction?

Which MTOC gives rise to cilia and flagella?

Toward the end of gastrulation in vertebrates,the ectodermal cells situated along the embryo's dorsal surface elongate and form a tall epithelial layer that is called the _________.

Why is myosin V able to take very large steps along a microfilament?

What kinds of forces are thought to hold microtubular structure together?

In a normal microtubule,how many protofilaments make up its cylindrical wall?

The protein _________ has been implicated in regulating the shape of some bacterial cells; it is expressed in rod-shaped and helical bacteria.It resembles __________in structure.

What is the name of the densely staining area between the lightly staining areas at the outer edges of a sarcomere?

The current model for the nucleation of microtubules is that a helical array of γ\gammaγ -tubulin subunits forms an open,lock-washer-like ring-shaped template upon which the first row of α\alphaαβ\betaβ -tubulin dimers assembles.How does this model account for the polarity of microtubules?

One of the WASP/WAVE family of proteins,specifically WASP,the founding member of the family,is associated with what disease below?

________ proteins share considerable sequence homology with actins and accelerate the polymerization of actin filaments.

Which of the following traits is not seen upon close examination of a living growth cone of an elongating axon?

The cilia-driven flow in human and mouse embryos is detected by ___________.

Researchers worked with mouse embryos that had non‐motile cilia and used a pump to drive an artificially created flow over their surface.When the flow was leftward directed,the mice developed _____________.

The protein ParM has been shown to play a role in plasmid segregation during bacterial cell division analogous to the action of ___________ during mitosis and is structurally similar to __________.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

The protein _ has been implicated in regulating the shape of some bacterial cells; it is expressed in rod-shaped and helical bacteria.It resembles __in structure.

The current model for the nucleation of microtubules is that a helical array of $\gamma$ -tubulin subunits forms an open,lock-washer-like ring-shaped template upon which the first row of $\alpha$ $\beta$ -tubulin dimers assembles.How does this model account for the polarity of microtubules?

The protein ParM has been shown to play a role in plasmid segregation during bacterial cell division analogous to the action of _ during mitosis and is structurally similar to .