Exam 17: Molecules

The measured minimum potential energy of a NaCl molecule at stable equilibrium distance of 0.236 nm is -5.7 eV. If the Na⁺ and Cl^- are treated as point charges, the electrostatic potential energy is

The mass of the cesium atom is 133 u and that of the chlorine atom is 35.5 u. The reduced mass of CsCl is approximately

Transitions within a given set of rotational energy levels yield photons in the _________ portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

The reduced mass of a system of two particles whose masses are m₁ and m₂ is

The _______ bond is the consequence of proton sharing between two atoms.

Transitions between vibrational states of different electronic states result in the emission of photons in or near the _______ portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

The magnetron of a microwave oven generates a frequency of 2.45 GHz. This frequency corresponds to the first vibrational level, , of a water molecule. Assuming that the energy is given by , the moment of inertia of the water molecule is

The graph shows the potential energy of the Na⁺ and Cl^- ions as a function of their separation. The point that corresponds to the equilibrium separation is

From the frequency of vibration the effective force constant of the HCl molecule is found to be 840 N/m. In order to appreciate the stiffness of the binding force, or imaginary "spring," between the H and Cl, calculate how far a spring of the same stiffness would extend if a 10 kg weight were hung from it.

If the H₂ molecule has a rotational energy of E_0r = 0.040 MeV, what is the average distance between the two atoms?

The energies due to the electronic excitations of a molecule are of the order of 1 eV, whereas

If the equilibrium separation of Na⁺ and F^- ions is 0.193 nm, then their electrostatic potential energy (with U = 0 at infinite separation) must be approximately

Which of the following statements about covalent bonding is true?

The energy required to ionize sodium is 5.14 eV. If the energy needed to form Na⁺ and F^- ions from neutral sodium and fluorine atoms is 1.69 eV, the electron affinity of fluorine is

The _______ bond is responsible for the bonding of most salts.

The graph shows the potential energy of the Na⁺ and Cl^- ions as a function of their separation. The point that corresponds to the dissociation energy is

The reduced mass of a two-body system in which the masses of the bodies are 2 u and 5 u is

The reduced mass of a two-body system is 2.1 u. If one of the masses is 3 u, then what is the mass of the second body?

The energy released by an atom's acquisition of one electron is called its

When examined with a grating spectrograph, the discharge from helium gas has bright radiation at a relatively few discrete wavelengths; the discharge from nitrogen gas has radiation in bands with a very large number of discrete wavelengths. What is the reason for this difference in the spectra of these two gases?