Question 1

Which part of the beach includes the area between the high and low tide shorelines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Foreshore 
B)  Backshore 
C)  Offshore 
D)  Coastline 
E)  Berm 
A)  Foreshore 
B)  Backshore 
C)  Offshore 
D)  Coastline 
E)  Berm

Question 2

The beach is the portion of the coastal zone that extends from the low water line to the coastline.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The salt wedge in a river estuary is steeper and more sharply defined during

Accepted Answer

A)  ebb tides. 
B)  flood tides. 
C)  low water. 
D)  high water. 
E)  slack water. 
A)  ebb tides. 
B)  flood tides. 
C)  low water. 
D)  high water. 
E)  slack water.

Question 4

An estuary that occurs within the mouth of a river where freshwater flows out to sea at the surface while seawater flows upstream along the bottom is

Accepted Answer

A)  a fjord. 
B)  partially mixed. 
C)  well mixed. 
D)  a salt wedge. 
E)  All of these are correct. 
A)  a fjord. 
B)  partially mixed. 
C)  well mixed. 
D)  a salt wedge. 
E)  All of these are correct.

Question 5

Calculations of flushing times assume that none of the out flowing water is recycled into the estuary. If this assumption is not correct, the actual flushing time is __________ the calculated flushing time.

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 
B)  greater than 
C)  the same as 
D)  not related to 
E)  None of these are correct. 
A)  less than 
B)  greater than 
C)  the same as 
D)  not related to 
E)  None of these are correct.

Question 6

In a well-mixed shallow estuary, the net seaward flow occurs at

Accepted Answer

A)  the surface only. 
B)  depth only. 
C)  middle depths. 
D)  all depths. 
E)  slack water only. 
A)  the surface only. 
B)  depth only. 
C)  middle depths. 
D)  all depths. 
E)  slack water only.

Question 7

The influx of seawater at depth in an estuary

Accepted Answer

A)  supplies water to make up for net surface water outflow. 
B)  supplies salt to compensate for dilution by river water. 
C)  supplies water to maintain the estuary's water level. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
E)  None of these are correct. 
A)  supplies water to make up for net surface water outflow. 
B)  supplies salt to compensate for dilution by river water. 
C)  supplies water to maintain the estuary's water level. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
E)  None of these are correct.

Question 8

A semi-enclosed sea at 30 °N is most likely re-supplied with seawater at depth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A scarp is

Accepted Answer

A)  an underwater sandbar. 
B)  an abrupt change in beach slope. 
C)  a beach fault line. 
D)  the high water mark on a beach. 
E)  another name for a berm. 
A)  an underwater sandbar. 
B)  an abrupt change in beach slope. 
C)  a beach fault line. 
D)  the high water mark on a beach. 
E)  another name for a berm.

Question 10

In order for an embayment to qualify as an estuary, it must have both _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  high evaporation; circulation 
B)  dilution; no physical isolation from the oceans 
C)  high evaporation; some degree of isolation 
D)  dilution; some degree of isolation 
E)  equal evaporation and dilution; no isolation 
A)  high evaporation; circulation 
B)  dilution; no physical isolation from the oceans 
C)  high evaporation; some degree of isolation 
D)  dilution; some degree of isolation 
E)  equal evaporation and dilution; no isolation

Question 11

A low tide terrace is most likely exposed on a neap tide.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

If To equals the net flow rate of mixed surface water out of an estuary, the estuary volume divided by To yields the

Accepted Answer

A)  salt flow. 
B)  water flow. 
C)  flushing time. 
D)  salt residence time. 
E)  freshwater flow. 
A)  salt flow. 
B)  water flow. 
C)  flushing time. 
D)  salt residence time. 
E)  freshwater flow.

Question 13

Beaches tend to be wider in winter and narrower in summer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

An example of a ria coast is

Accepted Answer

A)  the mouth of the Mississippi River. 
B)  San Francisco Bay. 
C)  Delaware Bay. 
D)  the Gulf of Mexico. 
E)  southeast Alaska. 
A)  the mouth of the Mississippi River. 
B)  San Francisco Bay. 
C)  Delaware Bay. 
D)  the Gulf of Mexico. 
E)  southeast Alaska.

Question 15

In a fjord with a shallow entrance sill, the outgoing flow (To) is approximately equal to

Accepted Answer

A)  inflow (Ti). 
B)  freshwater inflow (R). 
C)  tidal flow. 
D)  estuary volume. 
E)  All of these are correct. 
A)  inflow (Ti). 
B)  freshwater inflow (R). 
C)  tidal flow. 
D)  estuary volume. 
E)  All of these are correct.

Question 16

A low tide terrace forms

Accepted Answer

A)  seaward of the offshore bar. 
B)  below the beach face. 
C)  between high and low water. 
D)  along the trough. 
E)  next to the lower beach scarp. 
A)  seaward of the offshore bar. 
B)  below the beach face. 
C)  between high and low water. 
D)  along the trough. 
E)  next to the lower beach scarp.

Question 17

Which combination holds true in a partially-mixed estuary?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evaporation - precipitation + runoff = transport in 
B)  Evaporation - precipitation + runoff = transport in - transport out 
C)  Transport in - evaporation + precipitation + river runoff = transport out 
D)  Evaporation - precipitation + runoff = transport in and Evaporation - precipitation + runoff = transport in - transport out 
E)  Evaporation - precipitation + runoff = transport in - transport out and Transport in - evaporation + precipitation + river runoff = transport out 
A)  Evaporation - precipitation + runoff = transport in 
B)  Evaporation - precipitation + runoff = transport in - transport out 
C)  Transport in - evaporation + precipitation + river runoff = transport out 
D)  Evaporation - precipitation + runoff = transport in and Evaporation - precipitation + runoff = transport in - transport out 
E)  Evaporation - precipitation + runoff = transport in - transport out and Transport in - evaporation + precipitation + river runoff = transport out

Question 18

If Si is the average salt content of the incoming seawater, and So is the average salt content of the exiting surface water in an estuary, the fresh water in the exiting mixed water is

Accepted Answer

A)  So/(Si- So). 
B)  Si/(Si- So). 
C)  (Si - So)/Si 
D)  (Si - So)/Si 
E)  (So - Si)(Si - So). 
A)  So/(Si- So). 
B)  Si/(Si- So). 
C)  (Si - So)/Si 
D)  (Si - So)/Si 
E)  (So - Si)(Si - So).

Question 19

At present, sea level is decreasing around the world's coasts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Transport of dissolved materials out of an estuary can be estimated from the net T0transport and its concentration of dissolves materials.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which part of the beach includes the area between the high and low tide shorelines?

The beach is the portion of the coastal zone that extends from the low water line to the coastline.

The salt wedge in a river estuary is steeper and more sharply defined during

An estuary that occurs within the mouth of a river where freshwater flows out to sea at the surface while seawater flows upstream along the bottom is

Calculations of flushing times assume that none of the out flowing water is recycled into the estuary. If this assumption is not correct, the actual flushing time is __________ the calculated flushing time.

In a well-mixed shallow estuary, the net seaward flow occurs at

The influx of seawater at depth in an estuary

A semi-enclosed sea at 30 °N is most likely re-supplied with seawater at depth.

A scarp is

In order for an embayment to qualify as an estuary, it must have both _ and _.

A low tide terrace is most likely exposed on a neap tide.

If T_o equals the net flow rate of mixed surface water out of an estuary, the estuary volume divided by T_o yields the

Beaches tend to be wider in winter and narrower in summer.

An example of a ria coast is

In a fjord with a shallow entrance sill, the outgoing flow (T_o) is approximately equal to

A low tide terrace forms

Which combination holds true in a partially-mixed estuary?

If S_i is the average salt content of the incoming seawater, and S_o is the average salt content of the exiting surface water in an estuary, the fresh water in the exiting mixed water is

At present, sea level is decreasing around the world's coasts.

Transport of dissolved materials out of an estuary can be estimated from the net T₀transport and its concentration of dissolves materials.

The Water Planet

Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics

The Sea Floor and Its Sediments

The Physical Properties of Water

Seawater

The Atmosphere and the Oceans

Ocean Structure and Circulation

The Waves

The Tides

The Living Ocean

The Plankton, Energy, and Food Webs

The Nekton: Swimmers of the Sea

The Benthos: Living on the Sea Floor

Environmental Issues

The Oceans and Climate Disruption

Prologue: The History of Oceanography

Filters

Exam 10: Coasts, Beaches, and Estuaries

Which part of the beach includes the area between the high and low tide shorelines?

The beach is the portion of the coastal zone that extends from the low water line to the coastline.

The salt wedge in a river estuary is steeper and more sharply defined during

An estuary that occurs within the mouth of a river where freshwater flows out to sea at the surface while seawater flows upstream along the bottom is

Calculations of flushing times assume that none of the out flowing water is recycled into the estuary. If this assumption is not correct, the actual flushing time is __________ the calculated flushing time.

In a well-mixed shallow estuary, the net seaward flow occurs at

The influx of seawater at depth in an estuary

A semi-enclosed sea at 30 °N is most likely re-supplied with seawater at depth.

A scarp is

In order for an embayment to qualify as an estuary, it must have both _____ and _____.

A low tide terrace is most likely exposed on a neap tide.

If To equals the net flow rate of mixed surface water out of an estuary, the estuary volume divided by To yields the

Beaches tend to be wider in winter and narrower in summer.

An example of a ria coast is

In a fjord with a shallow entrance sill, the outgoing flow (To) is approximately equal to

A low tide terrace forms

Which combination holds true in a partially-mixed estuary?

If Si is the average salt content of the incoming seawater, and So is the average salt content of the exiting surface water in an estuary, the fresh water in the exiting mixed water is

At present, sea level is decreasing around the world's coasts.

Transport of dissolved materials out of an estuary can be estimated from the net T0transport and its concentration of dissolves materials.

The Water Planet

Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics

The Sea Floor and Its Sediments

The Physical Properties of Water

Seawater

The Atmosphere and the Oceans

Ocean Structure and Circulation

The Waves

The Tides

The Living Ocean

The Plankton, Energy, and Food Webs

The Nekton: Swimmers of the Sea

The Benthos: Living on the Sea Floor

Environmental Issues

The Oceans and Climate Disruption

Prologue: The History of Oceanography

Filters

In order for an embayment to qualify as an estuary, it must have both _ and _.

If T_o equals the net flow rate of mixed surface water out of an estuary, the estuary volume divided by T_o yields the

In a fjord with a shallow entrance sill, the outgoing flow (T_o) is approximately equal to

If S_i is the average salt content of the incoming seawater, and S_o is the average salt content of the exiting surface water in an estuary, the fresh water in the exiting mixed water is

Transport of dissolved materials out of an estuary can be estimated from the net T₀transport and its concentration of dissolves materials.