Question 1

Increased CO2 in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution has resulted in lower surface ocean pH of about ________ pH units.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.01 
B)  0.1 
C)  1.0 
D)  5.0 
A)  0.01 
B)  0.1 
C)  1.0 
D)  5.0

Question 2

North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation may become more sluggish, but is unlikely to shut down in the next 100 years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

If the Earth and oceans are warming at about 0.2° C per decade, we would expect the temperature 100 years from now to be ______________ warmer than today.

Accepted Answer

A)  0° C 
B)  1° C 
C)  2° C 
D)  5° C 
E)  10° C 
A)  0° C 
B)  1° C 
C)  2° C 
D)  5° C 
E)  10° C

Question 4

A warmer ocean has been linked to

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases in disease outbreaks. 
B)  migration of species poleward and deeper. 
C)  declines in the microbial loop. 
D)  increases in nutrients from deep-water sources. 
A)  decreases in disease outbreaks. 
B)  migration of species poleward and deeper. 
C)  declines in the microbial loop. 
D)  increases in nutrients from deep-water sources.

Question 5

Climate models used in the IPCC Assessment Reports have been improved by including

Accepted Answer

A)  more complex feedbacks. 
B)  higher spatial resolution. 
C)  higher temporal resolution. 
D)  All of these choices are correct. 
A)  more complex feedbacks. 
B)  higher spatial resolution. 
C)  higher temporal resolution. 
D)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 6

Manmade chemicals such as CFCs can exhibit __________ times more greenhouse potential than carbon dioxide.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.24 - 0.53 
B)  10 - 50 
C)  200 - 2,000 
D)  12,000 - 15,000 
A)  0.24 - 0.53 
B)  10 - 50 
C)  200 - 2,000 
D)  12,000 - 15,000

Question 7

The CLAW hypothesis links increasing ocean temperature to the production of more

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen. 
B)  dimethyl sulfide. 
C)  hydrogen peroxide. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
A)  oxygen. 
B)  dimethyl sulfide. 
C)  hydrogen peroxide. 
D)  carbon dioxide.

Question 8

The Berkeley Earth Team estimates that Earth's average temperature increased about _________ since the 1950s.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 C 
B)  0.5 C 
C)  1.0 C 
D)  2.0 C 
E)  5.0 C 
A)  0.1 C 
B)  0.5 C 
C)  1.0 C 
D)  2.0 C 
E)  5.0 C

Question 9

Despite increasing model complexity and result accuracy, climate prediction models always include some degree of uncertainty.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Large-scale fertilzation of the ocean to stimulate blooms and draw down carbon have proposed using

Accepted Answer

A)  iron. 
B)  phosphorus. 
C)  urea. 
D)  All of these choices are correct. 
E)  None of these choices are correct. 
A)  iron. 
B)  phosphorus. 
C)  urea. 
D)  All of these choices are correct. 
E)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 11

Potential sources of energy that can be obtained from the sea include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  tides. 
B)  waves. 
C)  currents. 
D)  differences in temperature between deep and shallow water. 
E)  polymetallic nodules. 
A)  tides. 
B)  waves. 
C)  currents. 
D)  differences in temperature between deep and shallow water. 
E)  polymetallic nodules.

Question 12

Carbon dioxide molecules last, on average, _______ years in the atmosphere

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  12 
C)  100 
D)  200 
A)  2 
B)  12 
C)  100 
D)  200

Question 13

Rapid changes in Earth's climate are referred to as climate disruptions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Rapid cooling of Earth's climate can be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  volcanic activity. 
B)  plate tectonics. 
C)  solar flares. 
D)  changes in Earth's orbit. 
A)  volcanic activity. 
B)  plate tectonics. 
C)  solar flares. 
D)  changes in Earth's orbit.

Question 15

Scientists have reported increased temperatures at depths greater than __________ in the North Atlantic where thermohaline circulation rapidly transports surface water to depth.

Accepted Answer

A)  200 m 
B)  800 m 
C)  1600 m 
D)  2000 m 
A)  200 m 
B)  800 m 
C)  1600 m 
D)  2000 m

Question 16

Records indicating rapidly rising temperature of about 1 C since the the 1950s provides evidence for

Accepted Answer

A)  uncertainties and errors in the data. 
B)  volcanic activity. 
C)  natural variability of Earth's climate. 
D)  human-induced climate change. 
A)  uncertainties and errors in the data. 
B)  volcanic activity. 
C)  natural variability of Earth's climate. 
D)  human-induced climate change.

Question 17

Periods of Earth's history with extensive sea ice result in enhanced albedo, leading to more cooling. This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  the CLAW hypothesis. 
B)  positive feedback. 
C)  negative feedback. 
D)  abrupt climate change. 
A)  the CLAW hypothesis. 
B)  positive feedback. 
C)  negative feedback. 
D)  abrupt climate change.

Question 18

Fertilization of the ocean with iron to enhance carbon sequestration is an example of geo-engineering.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

To detect trends in primary productivity related to climate change, scientists need __________ years of global data, such as can be obtained from ocean color satellites.

Accepted Answer

A)  10-15 
B)  20-40 
C)  30-50 
D)  more than 100 
A)  10-15 
B)  20-40 
C)  30-50 
D)  more than 100

Question 20

A decrease in pH of about 0.1 pH units is very small, and is unlikely to have negative consequences on marine organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Increased CO₂ in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution has resulted in lower surface ocean pH of about ________ pH units.

North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation may become more sluggish, but is unlikely to shut down in the next 100 years.

If the Earth and oceans are warming at about 0.2° C per decade, we would expect the temperature 100 years from now to be ______________ warmer than today.

A warmer ocean has been linked to

Climate models used in the IPCC Assessment Reports have been improved by including

Manmade chemicals such as CFCs can exhibit __________ times more greenhouse potential than carbon dioxide.

The CLAW hypothesis links increasing ocean temperature to the production of more

The Berkeley Earth Team estimates that Earth's average temperature increased about _________ since the 1950s.

Despite increasing model complexity and result accuracy, climate prediction models always include some degree of uncertainty.

Large-scale fertilzation of the ocean to stimulate blooms and draw down carbon have proposed using

Potential sources of energy that can be obtained from the sea include all of the following except

Carbon dioxide molecules last, on average, _______ years in the atmosphere

Rapid changes in Earth's climate are referred to as climate disruptions.

Rapid cooling of Earth's climate can be caused by

Scientists have reported increased temperatures at depths greater than __________ in the North Atlantic where thermohaline circulation rapidly transports surface water to depth.

Records indicating rapidly rising temperature of about 1 C since the the 1950s provides evidence for

Periods of Earth's history with extensive sea ice result in enhanced albedo, leading to more cooling. This is referred to as

Fertilization of the ocean with iron to enhance carbon sequestration is an example of geo-engineering.

To detect trends in primary productivity related to climate change, scientists need __________ years of global data, such as can be obtained from ocean color satellites.

A decrease in pH of about 0.1 pH units is very small, and is unlikely to have negative consequences on marine organisms.

The Water Planet

Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics

The Sea Floor and Its Sediments

The Physical Properties of Water

Seawater

The Atmosphere and the Oceans

Ocean Structure and Circulation

The Waves

The Tides

Coasts, Beaches, and Estuaries

The Living Ocean

The Plankton, Energy, and Food Webs

The Nekton: Swimmers of the Sea

The Benthos: Living on the Sea Floor

Environmental Issues

Prologue: The History of Oceanography

Filters

Exam 16: The Oceans and Climate Disruption

Increased CO2 in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution has resulted in lower surface ocean pH of about ________ pH units.

North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation may become more sluggish, but is unlikely to shut down in the next 100 years.

If the Earth and oceans are warming at about 0.2° C per decade, we would expect the temperature 100 years from now to be ______________ warmer than today.

A warmer ocean has been linked to

Climate models used in the IPCC Assessment Reports have been improved by including

Manmade chemicals such as CFCs can exhibit __________ times more greenhouse potential than carbon dioxide.

The CLAW hypothesis links increasing ocean temperature to the production of more

The Berkeley Earth Team estimates that Earth's average temperature increased about _________ since the 1950s.

Despite increasing model complexity and result accuracy, climate prediction models always include some degree of uncertainty.

Large-scale fertilzation of the ocean to stimulate blooms and draw down carbon have proposed using

Potential sources of energy that can be obtained from the sea include all of the following except

Carbon dioxide molecules last, on average, _______ years in the atmosphere

Rapid changes in Earth's climate are referred to as climate disruptions.

Rapid cooling of Earth's climate can be caused by

Scientists have reported increased temperatures at depths greater than __________ in the North Atlantic where thermohaline circulation rapidly transports surface water to depth.

Records indicating rapidly rising temperature of about 1 C since the the 1950s provides evidence for

Periods of Earth's history with extensive sea ice result in enhanced albedo, leading to more cooling. This is referred to as

Fertilization of the ocean with iron to enhance carbon sequestration is an example of geo-engineering.

To detect trends in primary productivity related to climate change, scientists need __________ years of global data, such as can be obtained from ocean color satellites.

A decrease in pH of about 0.1 pH units is very small, and is unlikely to have negative consequences on marine organisms.

The Water Planet

Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics

The Sea Floor and Its Sediments

The Physical Properties of Water

Seawater

The Atmosphere and the Oceans

Ocean Structure and Circulation

The Waves

The Tides

Coasts, Beaches, and Estuaries

The Living Ocean

The Plankton, Energy, and Food Webs

The Nekton: Swimmers of the Sea

The Benthos: Living on the Sea Floor

Environmental Issues

Prologue: The History of Oceanography

Filters

Increased CO₂ in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution has resulted in lower surface ocean pH of about ________ pH units.