Question 1

A nurse is told that a screening test has high specificity.Which of the following is the best interpretation of this information?

Accepted Answer

A)  The test provides precise and consistent readings. 
B)  The test accurately identifies those with the condition or trait. 
C)  The test accurately identifies those without the trait. 
D)  The test has a high level of false positives. 
A)  The test provides precise and consistent readings. 
B)  The test accurately identifies those with the condition or trait. 
C)  The test accurately identifies those without the trait. 
D)  The test has a high level of false positives. C

Question 2

A nurse implements a program that focuses on secondary prevention.Which of the following is most likely the topic of this program?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rehabilitation 
B)  Avoidance of high-risk behaviors 
C)  Immunization 
D)  Mammogram 
A)  Rehabilitation 
B)  Avoidance of high-risk behaviors 
C)  Immunization 
D)  Mammogram D

Question 3

Voters have recently decided to have fluoride added to the city water system.Epidemiologists now want to study the effect of fluoride on dental caries in this population.Which of the following would be conducted by the epidemiologists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ecological study 
B)  Double-blind study 
C)  Community trial 
D)  Screening 
A)  Ecological study 
B)  Double-blind study 
C)  Community trial 
D)  Screening C

Question 4

A nurse is studying the characteristics of an agent as part of the epidemiologic triangle.Which of the following is the nurse most likely studying?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human population distribution 
B)  Salmonella 
C)  Genetic susceptibility 
D)  Climate 
A)  Human population distribution 
B)  Salmonella 
C)  Genetic susceptibility 
D)  Climate

Question 5

A nurse refers a client with a neuromuscular disease to a vocational rehabilitation program.Which of the following best describes the action of the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary prevention 
B)  Secondary prevention 
C)  Tertiary prevention 
D)  Health promotion 
A)  Primary prevention 
B)  Secondary prevention 
C)  Tertiary prevention 
D)  Health promotion

Question 6

A screening for diabetes revealed 20 previously diagnosed diabetics and 10 probable new cases,which were later confirmed,for a total of 30 cases.Which of the following best describes what is being measured?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prevalence 
B)  Incidence 
C)  Attack rate 
D)  Morbidity rate 
A)  Prevalence 
B)  Incidence 
C)  Attack rate 
D)  Morbidity rate

Question 7

A nurse offers a screening for hearing defects at a local community center.Which of the following best describes the action of the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary prevention 
B)  Secondary prevention 
C)  Tertiary prevention 
D)  Health promotion 
A)  Primary prevention 
B)  Secondary prevention 
C)  Tertiary prevention 
D)  Health promotion

Question 8

As a result of an outbreak of influenza in a community,a nurse encourages members of the community to receive the influenza vaccine.Which of the following levels of prevention is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary prevention 
B)  Secondary prevention 
C)  Tertiary prevention 
D)  Multifactorial prevention 
A)  Primary prevention 
B)  Secondary prevention 
C)  Tertiary prevention 
D)  Multifactorial prevention

Question 9

A nurse examines birth and death certificates during an epidemiologic investigation.Which of the following data categories is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Routinely collected data 
B)  Data collected for other purposes but useful for epidemiologic research 
C)  Original data collected for specific epidemiologic studies 
D)  Surveillance data 
A)  Routinely collected data 
B)  Data collected for other purposes but useful for epidemiologic research 
C)  Original data collected for specific epidemiologic studies 
D)  Surveillance data

Question 10

A nurse is considering the potential for selection bias.Which of the following best describes the situation that is the nurse has encountered?

Accepted Answer

A)  Determining the population to be studied 
B)  Considering how the participants will enter the study 
C)  Studying cause and effect relationships 
D)  Documenting results of the study 
A)  Determining the population to be studied 
B)  Considering how the participants will enter the study 
C)  Studying cause and effect relationships 
D)  Documenting results of the study

Question 11

An intervention that focuses on the tertiary level of prevention is implemented by the nurse? Which of the following did the nurse most likely complete?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rehabilitative job training 
B)  Parenting education 
C)  Testicular self-examination 
D)  Family counseling 
A)  Rehabilitative job training 
B)  Parenting education 
C)  Testicular self-examination 
D)  Family counseling

Question 12

To understand the causes of health and disease,epidemiology studies:

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals. 
B)  families. 
C)  groups. 
D)  populations. 
A)  individuals. 
B)  families. 
C)  groups. 
D)  populations.

Question 13

A PHN implements a primary prevention intervention in the community.Which of the following is most likely being implemented?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pap smear 
B)  Blood pressure screening 
C)  Diet and exercise 
D)  Physical therapy 
A)  Pap smear 
B)  Blood pressure screening 
C)  Diet and exercise 
D)  Physical therapy

Question 14

The proportion of persons with positive test results who actually have a disease,interpreted as the probability that an individual with a positive test result has the disease,is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitivity. 
B)  specificity. 
C)  positive predictive value. 
D)  negative predictive value. 
A)  sensitivity. 
B)  specificity. 
C)  positive predictive value. 
D)  negative predictive value.

Question 15

The probability an event will occur within a specified period of time is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  rate. 
B)  risk. 
C)  epidemiology. 
D)  epidemic. 
A)  rate. 
B)  risk. 
C)  epidemiology. 
D)  epidemic.

Question 16

A public health nurse (PHN)reports an attack rate.Which of the following has most likely been reported?

Accepted Answer

A)  Number of cases of cancer recorded at a medical center 
B)  Number of people who died of Ebola in a given year 
C)  Number of beef cattle inoculated against mad-cow disease on a farm 
D)  Proportion of people becoming ill after eating at a fast-food restaurant 
A)  Number of cases of cancer recorded at a medical center 
B)  Number of people who died of Ebola in a given year 
C)  Number of beef cattle inoculated against mad-cow disease on a farm 
D)  Proportion of people becoming ill after eating at a fast-food restaurant

Question 17

A study that uses information on current health status,personal characteristics,and potential risk factors or exposures all at once is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional. 
B)  ecological. 
C)  case-control. 
D)  cohort. 
A)  cross-sectional. 
B)  ecological. 
C)  case-control. 
D)  cohort.

Question 18

The interaction between an agent,a host,and the environment is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  natural history of disease. 
B)  risk. 
C)  web of causality. 
D)  the epidemiologic triangle. 
A)  natural history of disease. 
B)  risk. 
C)  web of causality. 
D)  the epidemiologic triangle.

Question 19

Public health professionals refer to three levels of prevention as tied to specific stages in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  epidemiologic triangle. 
B)  web of causation. 
C)  natural history of disease. 
D)  surveillance process. 
A)  epidemiologic triangle. 
B)  web of causation. 
C)  natural history of disease. 
D)  surveillance process.

Question 20

A nurse is investigating a serious epidemic of influenza.Which of the following best describes the amount of cases that are being examined?

Accepted Answer

A)  50 cases 
B)  100 cases 
C)  500 cases 
D)  Unable to determine 
A)  50 cases 
B)  100 cases 
C)  500 cases 
D)  Unable to determine

Exam 12: Epidemiology

A nurse is told that a screening test has high specificity.Which of the following is the best interpretation of this information?

A nurse implements a program that focuses on secondary prevention.Which of the following is most likely the topic of this program?

Voters have recently decided to have fluoride added to the city water system.Epidemiologists now want to study the effect of fluoride on dental caries in this population.Which of the following would be conducted by the epidemiologists?

A nurse is studying the characteristics of an agent as part of the epidemiologic triangle.Which of the following is the nurse most likely studying?

A nurse refers a client with a neuromuscular disease to a vocational rehabilitation program.Which of the following best describes the action of the nurse?

A screening for diabetes revealed 20 previously diagnosed diabetics and 10 probable new cases,which were later confirmed,for a total of 30 cases.Which of the following best describes what is being measured?

A nurse offers a screening for hearing defects at a local community center.Which of the following best describes the action of the nurse?

As a result of an outbreak of influenza in a community,a nurse encourages members of the community to receive the influenza vaccine.Which of the following levels of prevention is being used?

A nurse examines birth and death certificates during an epidemiologic investigation.Which of the following data categories is being used?

A nurse is considering the potential for selection bias.Which of the following best describes the situation that is the nurse has encountered?

An intervention that focuses on the tertiary level of prevention is implemented by the nurse? Which of the following did the nurse most likely complete?

To understand the causes of health and disease,epidemiology studies:

A PHN implements a primary prevention intervention in the community.Which of the following is most likely being implemented?

The proportion of persons with positive test results who actually have a disease,interpreted as the probability that an individual with a positive test result has the disease,is the:

The probability an event will occur within a specified period of time is called:

A public health nurse (PHN)reports an attack rate.Which of the following has most likely been reported?

A study that uses information on current health status,personal characteristics,and potential risk factors or exposures all at once is called:

The interaction between an agent,a host,and the environment is called:

Public health professionals refer to three levels of prevention as tied to specific stages in the:

A nurse is investigating a serious epidemic of influenza.Which of the following best describes the amount of cases that are being examined?

Community and Prevention-Oriented, Population-Focused Practice: The Foundation of Specialization in Public Health Nursing

History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing

The Changing U.S.Health and Public Health Care Systems

Perspectives in Global Health Care

Economics of Health Care Delivery

Application of Ethics in the Community

Cultural Diversity in the Community

Public Health Policy

Population-Based Public Health Nursing Practice: The Intervention Wheel

Environmental Health

Genomics in Public Health Nursing

Infectious Disease Prevention and Control

Communicable and Infectious Disease Risks

Evidence-Based Practice

Changing Health Behavior Using Health Education with Individuals, Families, and Groups

Building a Culture of Health through Community Health Promotion

Community as Client: Assessment and Analysis

Population-Centered Nursing in Rural and Urban Environments

Promoting Health Through Healthy Communities and Cities

The Nurse-led Health Center: A Model for Community Nursing Practice

Case Management

Public Health Nursing Practice and the Disaster Management Cycle

Public Health Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation

Program Management

Quality Management

Working with Families in the Community for Healthy Outcomes

Family Health Risks

Child and Adolescent Health

Major Health Issues and Chronic Disease Management of Adults Across the Life Span

Disability Health Care Across the Life Span

Vulnerability and Vulnerable Populations: An Overview

Poverty and Homelessness

Migrant Health Issues

Teen Pregnancy

Mental Health Issues

Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Problems

Violence and Human Abuse

The Advanced Practice Nurse in the Community

The Nurse Leader in the Community

The Nurse in Home Health, Palliative Care, and Hospice

The Nurse in the Schools

The Nurse in Occupational Health

Forensic Nursing in the Community

The Nurse in the Faith Community

Public Health Nursing at Local, State, and National Levels

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