Question 1

Do you agree with the statement "elements are materials that cannot be broken down any further"? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary, b

Question 2

Describe Rutherford's experiment with alpha particles. Compare what Rutherford was expecting to happen during the experiment with what was actually observed.

Accepted Answer

Rutherford used a radioactive source for

Question 3

Describe some characteristics of the elements found in at least two columns of the periodic table of elements.

Accepted Answer

Column 1 on the far left contains highly

Question 4

Each time an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level

Accepted Answer

A)  a photon is absorbed. 
B)  an electron is absorbed. 
C)  an observer will not see any light. 
D)  an electron disappears as some point between two levels. 
E)  a photon or some heat is given off. 
A)  a photon is absorbed. 
B)  an electron is absorbed. 
C)  an observer will not see any light. 
D)  an electron disappears as some point between two levels. 
E)  a photon or some heat is given off.

Question 5

Materials made from a single type of atom that cannot be broken down any further are called

Accepted Answer

A)  atoms. 
B)  elements. 
C)  molecules. 
D)  solutions. 
E)  compounds. 
A)  atoms. 
B)  elements. 
C)  molecules. 
D)  solutions. 
E)  compounds.

Question 6

What does it mean to say that scientists accepted an idea "because it worked"? Explain your answer using the periodic table and the Bohr atom as examples.

Accepted Answer

In both instances, the advent of the per

Question 7

Explain how the development of the Bernoulli's gas laws (how gasses behave under various temperatures and pressures) supported the modern concept of atoms and their interactions.

Accepted Answer

Bernoulli made the assumption that atoms

Question 8

The model for the Rutherford atom is best compared to

Accepted Answer

A)  a blueberry muffin. 
B)  a spiral galaxy. 
C)  a living animal. 
D)  the solar system. 
E)  a beach ball. 
A)  a blueberry muffin. 
B)  a spiral galaxy. 
C)  a living animal. 
D)  the solar system. 
E)  a beach ball.

Question 9

An electrically charged atom is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  a nucleus. 
B)  a proton. 
C)  an electron. 
D)  an ion. 
E)  a neutron. 
A)  a nucleus. 
B)  a proton. 
C)  an electron. 
D)  an ion. 
E)  a neutron.

Question 10

The relationship between the atomic theories of Democritus and Dalton is that

Accepted Answer

A)  both were based on observations in nature. 
B)  neither was based on observations in nature. 
C)  Dalton's theory depended upon observation; Democritus' theory did not. 
D)  Democritus' theory depended upon observation; Dalton's theory did not. 
E)  Dalton used the term atom; Democritus did not. 
A)  both were based on observations in nature. 
B)  neither was based on observations in nature. 
C)  Dalton's theory depended upon observation; Democritus' theory did not. 
D)  Democritus' theory depended upon observation; Dalton's theory did not. 
E)  Dalton used the term atom; Democritus did not.

Question 11

An element with an atomic number of 8

Accepted Answer

A)  was the eighth element discovered. 
B)  contains atoms with four protons and four neutrons. 
C)  is composed of atoms with only eight protons. 
D)  has eight electrons in the outer shell of each atom. 
E)  has six protons and two neutrons. 
A)  was the eighth element discovered. 
B)  contains atoms with four protons and four neutrons. 
C)  is composed of atoms with only eight protons. 
D)  has eight electrons in the outer shell of each atom. 
E)  has six protons and two neutrons.

Question 12

Use notions about the atom to define color. Give examples.

Accepted Answer

In visible light, the colors we perceive

Question 13

Democritus put forth the concept of an atom because

Accepted Answer

A)  of experimental evidence from his laboratory. 
B)  older ideas that he borrowed from Egyptians. 
C)  he observed rocks turning into pebbles and then turning into sand. 
D)  his invention of the magnifying glass led him to think about progressively smaller particles. 
E)  it was philosophically satisfying that there would ultimately be a size limit on particles. 
A)  of experimental evidence from his laboratory. 
B)  older ideas that he borrowed from Egyptians. 
C)  he observed rocks turning into pebbles and then turning into sand. 
D)  his invention of the magnifying glass led him to think about progressively smaller particles. 
E)  it was philosophically satisfying that there would ultimately be a size limit on particles.

Question 14

Describe how a laser works.

Accepted Answer

Initially, a single photon of the correc

Question 15

In 1808, which person below borrowed the name 'atom' from Greek writings and described in a modern way how it is that an atom is indivisible?

Accepted Answer

A)  Daniel Bernoulli 
B)  John Dalton 
C)  Dimitri Mendeleev 
D)  Ernest Rutherford 
E)  Albert Einstein 
A)  Daniel Bernoulli 
B)  John Dalton 
C)  Dimitri Mendeleev 
D)  Ernest Rutherford 
E)  Albert Einstein

Question 16

Why is it that helium and neon do not form compounds?

Accepted Answer

The elements helium and neon a

Question 17

Which instrument below emits photons that have wave crests in exact alignment?

Accepted Answer

A)  electron microscope 
B)  light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation 
C)  telescope fitted with a spectroscope 
D)  spectroscope which is not part of a telescope 
E)  a source of alpha particles in a physics laboratory 
A)  electron microscope 
B)  light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation 
C)  telescope fitted with a spectroscope 
D)  spectroscope which is not part of a telescope 
E)  a source of alpha particles in a physics laboratory

Question 18

Evidence for the theory that an atom is mostly space was based on research by

Accepted Answer

A)  Joseph John Thomson. 
B)  Niels Bohr. 
C)  John Dalton. 
D)  Ernest Rutherford. 
E)  Daniel Bernoulli 
A)  Joseph John Thomson. 
B)  Niels Bohr. 
C)  John Dalton. 
D)  Ernest Rutherford. 
E)  Daniel Bernoulli

Question 19

How did Brownian motion provide evidence for the existence of atoms?

Accepted Answer

Einstein theorized that any small object

Question 20

It was first discovered that atoms have a nucleus when

Accepted Answer

A)  scientists photographed the nucleus of uranium. 
B)  Einstein hypothesized the existence of the nucleus in 1915. 
C)  some alpha particles were deflected by gold nuclei in Rutherford's experiment. 
D)  experiments showed that electrons must have a charge balance at an atom's center. 
E)  Rutherford split the nucleus of uranium atoms. 
A)  scientists photographed the nucleus of uranium. 
B)  Einstein hypothesized the existence of the nucleus in 1915. 
C)  some alpha particles were deflected by gold nuclei in Rutherford's experiment. 
D)  experiments showed that electrons must have a charge balance at an atom's center. 
E)  Rutherford split the nucleus of uranium atoms.

Exam 8: The Atom: Why Are There so Many Different Materials in the World

Do you agree with the statement "elements are materials that cannot be broken down any further"? Explain your answer.

Describe Rutherford's experiment with alpha particles. Compare what Rutherford was expecting to happen during the experiment with what was actually observed.

Describe some characteristics of the elements found in at least two columns of the periodic table of elements.

Each time an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level

Materials made from a single type of atom that cannot be broken down any further are called

What does it mean to say that scientists accepted an idea "because it worked"? Explain your answer using the periodic table and the Bohr atom as examples.

Explain how the development of the Bernoulli's gas laws (how gasses behave under various temperatures and pressures) supported the modern concept of atoms and their interactions.

The model for the Rutherford atom is best compared to

An electrically charged atom is known as

The relationship between the atomic theories of Democritus and Dalton is that

An element with an atomic number of 8

Use notions about the atom to define color. Give examples.

Democritus put forth the concept of an atom because

Describe how a laser works.

In 1808, which person below borrowed the name 'atom' from Greek writings and described in a modern way how it is that an atom is indivisible?

Why is it that helium and neon do not form compounds?

Which instrument below emits photons that have wave crests in exact alignment?

Evidence for the theory that an atom is mostly space was based on research by

How did Brownian motion provide evidence for the existence of atoms?

It was first discovered that atoms have a nucleus when

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