Question 1

What is the evolutionary advantage for a cell to expend energy in meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Although simple cloning of cells is possible with mitosis, the amount of genetic diversity is greatly increased by meiosis. With gamete diversity maximized, a population has a greater chance of survival.

Question 2

Briefly define and describe the process of glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis is the first stage in the process of extracting energy from glucose. The glycolysis process takes ten steps, each controlled by a separate enzyme. The end products are two pyruvic acid molecules, each with three carbon atoms. The original glucose molecule had six linked carbon atoms. In addition to the two pyruvic acids formed during glycolysis, six-to-eight molecules of ATP are also produced in the mitochondria. The ATP carries the energy used later in respiration.

Question 3

Which one of the following is in all cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  chloroplasts 
C)  nucleus 
D)  vacuoles 
E)  cell wall 
A)  DNA 
B)  chloroplasts 
C)  nucleus 
D)  vacuoles 
E)  cell wall A

Question 4

The most sophisticated optical microscopes today can magnify items more than

Accepted Answer

A)  100 times 
B)  1000 times 
C)  10,000 times 
D)  100,000 times 
E)  none of these are correct 
A)  100 times 
B)  1000 times 
C)  10,000 times 
D)  100,000 times 
E)  none of these are correct

Question 5

What is the "resolving power" of a microscope?

Accepted Answer

The ability of a microscope to

Question 6

Fermentation in plants produces __________ ; fermentation in animals produces __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lactic acid, alcohol 
B)  carbon dioxide; alcohol 
C)  glucose; lactic acid 
D)  alcohol; lactic acid 
E)  alcohol; carbon dioxide 
A)  lactic acid, alcohol 
B)  carbon dioxide; alcohol 
C)  glucose; lactic acid 
D)  alcohol; lactic acid 
E)  alcohol; carbon dioxide

Question 7

Which of the following statements about cells is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  All cells are microscopic in size. 
B)  Only prokaryotes carry genetic information in nuclei. 
C)  Some cells lack cell membranes and cell walls. 
D)  Meiosis produces cells with half the normal complement of DNA. 
E)  Mitosis is rare in higher plants and animals. 
A)  All cells are microscopic in size. 
B)  Only prokaryotes carry genetic information in nuclei. 
C)  Some cells lack cell membranes and cell walls. 
D)  Meiosis produces cells with half the normal complement of DNA. 
E)  Mitosis is rare in higher plants and animals.

Question 8

What are Prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes are more

Question 9

What does current theory say about the origin of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)  A small cell was engulfed by a larger cell. 
B)  A large cell was broken apart by a smaller cell. 
C)  A large cell was merged with another large cell. 
D)  Two small cells formed a symbiotic relationship. 
E)  The first cell contained a nucleus as a basic component. 
A)  A small cell was engulfed by a larger cell. 
B)  A large cell was broken apart by a smaller cell. 
C)  A large cell was merged with another large cell. 
D)  Two small cells formed a symbiotic relationship. 
E)  The first cell contained a nucleus as a basic component.

Question 10

Following the identification of cells with a microscope, about how long was it before scientists accepted the cell as the unit of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  160 years 
B)  100 years 
C)  60 years 
D)  6 years 
E)  1 year 
A)  160 years 
B)  100 years 
C)  60 years 
D)  6 years 
E)  1 year

Question 11

What were the three tenets of Theodor Schwann's 19th century cell theory?

Accepted Answer

They were: all living things a

Question 12

What is the name of the kingdom of cells with no nucleus? With what other name is this kingdom synonymous?

Accepted Answer

The Monera all have

Question 13

What limits the resolving power of all microscopes?

Accepted Answer

A)  the wavelength of the light used 
B)  the wave frequency of the light used 
C)  the wave amplitude of the light used 
D)  the transparency of the object 
E)  all of these are correct 
A)  the wavelength of the light used 
B)  the wave frequency of the light used 
C)  the wave amplitude of the light used 
D)  the transparency of the object 
E)  all of these are correct

Question 14

Which is the best analogy for a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  window glass 
B)  a layer of lead 
C)  a toy balloon 
D)  silk stocking 
E)  window screen 
A)  window glass 
B)  a layer of lead 
C)  a toy balloon 
D)  silk stocking 
E)  window screen

Question 15

At the cellular and molecular level, in what key ways are plants and animals the same? In what essential ways are they different?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration is the sa

Question 16

Compare and contrast meiosis with mitosis.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis occurs in all cells, w

Question 17

Describe the workings of an optical microscope, also called a light microscope.

Accepted Answer

Visible light passes through a transpare

Question 18

Which organelle gives the cell a shape?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  chloroplasts 
D)  cytoskeleton 
E)  all of these are correct 
A)  nucleus 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  chloroplasts 
D)  cytoskeleton 
E)  all of these are correct

Question 19

Outline the steps of meiosis living cells use to produce gametes.

Accepted Answer

Meiosis begins with a one-to-one copying

Question 20

A cell's receptor molecule

Accepted Answer

A)  is usually elliptical in shape. 
B)  binds to a molecule to facilitate transfer across the cell membrane. 
C)  cannot be "fooled" into recognizing viruses. 
D)  is a solid framework of polymers. 
E)  contains the cell's genetic material. 
A)  is usually elliptical in shape. 
B)  binds to a molecule to facilitate transfer across the cell membrane. 
C)  cannot be "fooled" into recognizing viruses. 
D)  is a solid framework of polymers. 
E)  contains the cell's genetic material.

Exam 21: The Living Cell: What Is the Smallest Living Thing

What is the evolutionary advantage for a cell to expend energy in meiosis?

Briefly define and describe the process of glycolysis.

Which one of the following is in all cells?

The most sophisticated optical microscopes today can magnify items more than

What is the "resolving power" of a microscope?

Fermentation in plants produces __________ ; fermentation in animals produces __________.

Which of the following statements about cells is true?

What are Prokaryotes?

What does current theory say about the origin of the nucleus?

Following the identification of cells with a microscope, about how long was it before scientists accepted the cell as the unit of life?

What were the three tenets of Theodor Schwann's 19th century cell theory?

What is the name of the kingdom of cells with no nucleus? With what other name is this kingdom synonymous?

What limits the resolving power of all microscopes?

Which is the best analogy for a cell membrane?

At the cellular and molecular level, in what key ways are plants and animals the same? In what essential ways are they different?

Compare and contrast meiosis with mitosis.

Describe the workings of an optical microscope, also called a light microscope.

Which organelle gives the cell a shape?

Outline the steps of meiosis living cells use to produce gametes.

A cell's receptor molecule

Science: a Way of Knowing: How Do You Know What You Know

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Energy: Why Must Animals Eat to Stay Alive

Heat and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Why Is It Easier to Make an Omelet From an Egg Than to Make an Egg From an Omelet

Electricity and Magnetism: What Is Lightning

Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation: What Is Color

Albert Einstein and the Theory of Relativity: Can a Human Ever Travel Faster Than the Speed of Light, at Warp Speed

The Atom: Why Are There so Many Different Materials in the World

Quantum Mechanics: How Can the Electron Behave Like Both a Particle and a Wave

Atoms in Combination: the Chemical Bond: How Does Blood Clot

Materials and Their Properties: How Have Computers Gotten so Much Faster

The Nucleus of the Atom: How Do Scientists Determine the Age of the Oldest Human Fossils

The Ultimate Structure of Matter: How Can Antimatter Be Used to Probe the Human Brain

The Stars: How Much Longer Can the Sun Sustain Life on Earth

Cosmology: Will the Universe End

Earth and Other Planets: Is Earth the Only Planet With Life

Plate Tectonics: Can We Predict Destructive Earthquakes

Earths Many Cycles: Will We Ever Run Out of Fresh Water

Ecology, Ecosystems, and the Environment: Are Human Activities Affecting the Global Environment

Strategies of Life: What Is Life

Molecules of Life: What Constitutes a Healthy Diet

Classical and Modern Genetics: Why Do Offspring Resemble Their Parents

The New Science of Life: Can We Cure Cancer

Evolution: How Did Life Emerge on the Ancient Earth

Filters

Fermentation in plants produces ; fermentation in animals produces .

What were the three tenets of Theodor Schwann's 19^th century cell theory?