Exam 5: Learning

According to Rescorla's theory,the CS must _______ the UCS or conditioning does not occur.

The idea that learning occurs and is stored up,even when behaviors are not reinforced,is called ________.

When Pavlov placed meat powder or other food in the mouths of canine subjects,they began to salivate.The salivation was a(n)________.

The "aha!" experience is known as ________.

Professor Rochelle told her students that if her door was closed it meant that she was unavailable to them and would be angry if they knocked on her door.But if her door was open,it meant that she was in a rare good mood and would answer questions at that time.Professor Rochelle's door being open was a ___________ for _______________.

In the "Little Albert" study,the fear-producing stimulus used as a UCS was the ______.

An animal is conditioned to salivate to a metronome using Pavlovian procedures.After the conditioning is established,the animal is then put through an extinction procedure and the conditioned salivation disappears.Then the animal is removed from the test situation for several days.When returned to the test situation,the conditioned response is seen again.The effect is known as ________.

Of the following,________ would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people.

Seligman's concept of learned helplessness has been extended into the field of psychopathology to explain the emergence of schizophrenia in late adolescence.

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original,natural stimulus is called ________.

An example of a discriminative stimulus might be ________.

Mark and Kathy take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday.Each week,the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams,demanding that they buy him treats.Although they refuse to give in to his demands,he continues to scream.Finally,either Mark or Kathy gets in their son's face and yells at the top of their lungs "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly.What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

Dad is watching a home improvement show about how to install a new sink.He really wants to do it and watches the show intently.He knows that his wife will reward him when he is done.However,when he tests the new sink,water spurts everywhere.Taking the new sink apart,he finds that he has left out the crucial washers in the faucet assembly even though this was emphasized in the TV show.What part of Bandura's theory of the necessary components of observational learning is most likely the reason for this disaster?

Which strategy will NOT increase the effects of punishment?

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again?

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called ________.

Neurofeedback,a newer type of biofeedback,involves trying to change ________.

In the process of shaping,behaviors are ordered in terms of increasing similarity to the desired response.These behaviors are called ________.

You decide that you are going to condition your dog to salivate to the sound of a metronome.You give the dog a biscuit,and then a second later you sound the metronome.You do this several times,but no conditioning seems to occur.This is probably because ________.

The Law of Effect emphasized that responses were more likely to be made if they were followed by some pleasing consequence.