Question 1

Which statement below regarding the First Law of Thermodynamics is most correct?

Accepted Answer

A) A system can do work externally only if its internal energy decreases. 
B) The internal energy of a system that interacts with its environment must change. 
C) No matter what other interactions take place,the internal energy must change if a system undergoes a heat transfer. 
D) The only changes that can occur in the internal energy of a system are those produced by non-mechanical forces. 
E) The internal energy of a system cannot change if the heat transferred to the system is equal to the work done by the system. 
A) A system can do work externally only if its internal energy decreases. 
B) The internal energy of a system that interacts with its environment must change. 
C) No matter what other interactions take place,the internal energy must change if a system undergoes a heat transfer. 
D) The only changes that can occur in the internal energy of a system are those produced by non-mechanical forces. 
E) The internal energy of a system cannot change if the heat transferred to the system is equal to the work done by the system.

Question 2

Gas in a container increases its pressure from 1 atm to 3 atm while keeping its volume constant.Find the work done (in J)by the gas if the volume is 5 liters.

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 3 
C) 5 
D) 15 
E) 15 *102 
A) 0 
B) 3 
C) 5 
D) 15 
E) 15 *102

Question 3

Air expands adiabatically (no heat in,no heat out)from T = 300 K and P = 100 atm to a final pressure of 1 atm.Treat the gas as ideal with $\gamma$ = 1.4,and determine the final temperature.Compare your result to the boiling points of nitrogen (77.4 K)and oxygen (90.2 K).Could this method result in the liquification of air?

Accepted Answer

80.5 K,som

Question 4

In an isothermal process

Accepted Answer

A) P is constant. 
B) V is constant. 
C)  $\frac { P } { T }$ is constant. 
D) PV is constant. 
E)  $\frac { V } { n }$ is constant. 
A) P is constant. 
B) V is constant. 
C)  $\frac { P } { T }$ is constant. 
D) PV is constant. 
E)  $\frac { V } { n }$ is constant.

Question 5

Star A has a radius of 200 000 km and a surface temperature of 6 000 K.Star B has a radius of 400 000 km and a surface temperature of 3 000 K.The emissivity of both stars is the same.What is the ratio of the rate of energy radiated by Star A to that of Star B?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Star A has a radius of 200...

Question 6

In braking an automobile,the friction between the brake drums and brake shoes converts the car's kinetic energy into heat.If a 1 500-kg automobile traveling at 30 m/s brakes to a halt,how much does the temperature rise in each of the four 8.0-kg brake drums? (The specific heat of each iron brake drum is 448 J/kg.$\degree$C).

Accepted Answer

The answer of In braking an automobile,the friction between the...

Question 7

If a person in Alaska were locked out of his house on a day when the temperature outside was -40$\degree$C,his thick clothing would mostly reduce the loss of thermal energy by

Accepted Answer

A) conduction. 
B) convection. 
C) radiation. 
D) all of the above. 
E) convection and radiation. 
A) conduction. 
B) convection. 
C) radiation. 
D) all of the above. 
E) convection and radiation.

Question 8

The molar specific heat at constant volume at 0$\degree$C of an ideal diatomic gas is

Accepted Answer

A)  $\frac { 1 } { 2 } R$ . 
B) R. 
C)  $$\frac { 3 } { 2 } R$$ . 
D) 2R. 
E)  $\frac { 5 } { 2 } R$ . 
A)  $\frac { 1 } { 2 } R$ . 
B) R. 
C)  $$\frac { 3 } { 2 } R$$ . 
D) 2R. 
E)  $\frac { 5 } { 2 } R$ .

Question 9

In an isobaric process

Accepted Answer

A) the volume remains constant. 
B) the temperature remains constant. 
C) the pressure remains constant. 
D) no heat is transferred between a system and its surroundings. 
E) the internal energy is constant. 
A) the volume remains constant. 
B) the temperature remains constant. 
C) the pressure remains constant. 
D) no heat is transferred between a system and its surroundings. 
E) the internal energy is constant.

Question 10

Beryl states that insulation with the smallest possible thermal conductivity is best to keep a house warm in winter,but worst for keeping a house cool in summer.Sapphire insists the reverse is true: low thermal conductivity is good in the summer,but bad in the winter.Which one,if either is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Beryl,because low thermal conductivity results in low heat transfer. 
B) Beryl,because low thermal conductivity results in high heat transfer. 
C) Sapphire,because low thermal conductivity results in low heat transfer. 
D) Sapphire,because low thermal conductivity results in high heat transfer. 
E) Neither,because low heat transfer is desirable both in summer and in winter. 
A) Beryl,because low thermal conductivity results in low heat transfer. 
B) Beryl,because low thermal conductivity results in high heat transfer. 
C) Sapphire,because low thermal conductivity results in low heat transfer. 
D) Sapphire,because low thermal conductivity results in high heat transfer. 
E) Neither,because low heat transfer is desirable both in summer and in winter.

Question 11

Determine the work done by 5 moles of an ideal gas that is kept at 100 $\degree$C in an expansion from 1 liter to 5 liters.

Accepted Answer

A) 2.5 * 104 J 
B) 1.1 *104 J 
C) 6.7* 103 J 
D) 2.9 * 103 J 
E) 8.4 * 103 J 
A) 2.5 * 104 J 
B) 1.1 *104 J 
C) 6.7* 103 J 
D) 2.9 * 103 J 
E) 8.4 * 103 J

Question 12

A super-insulated house is at a temperature of 20$\degree$C.The temperature outside is 0$\degree$C.The surface area of the house is 200 m2,and the emissivity is 1.Approximately how much energy is radiated (in W)per second?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 000 
B) 2 000 
C) 200 
D) 2 
E) 0.2 
A) 20 000 
B) 2 000 
C) 200 
D) 2 
E) 0.2

Question 13

For an astronaut working outside a spaceship,the greatest loss of heat would occur by means of

Accepted Answer

A) conduction. 
B) convection. 
C) radiation. 
D) conduction and convection. 
E) conduction and radiation. 
A) conduction. 
B) convection. 
C) radiation. 
D) conduction and convection. 
E) conduction and radiation.

Question 14

If an object feels cold to the touch,the only statement that you can make that must be correct is that

Accepted Answer

A) the object has a smaller coefficient of thermal conductivity than your hand. 
B) the volume of the object will increase while it is in contact with your hand. 
C) the object contains less thermal energy than your hand. 
D) the object is at a lower temperature than your hand. 
E) the object cannot be a liquid. 
A) the object has a smaller coefficient of thermal conductivity than your hand. 
B) the volume of the object will increase while it is in contact with your hand. 
C) the object contains less thermal energy than your hand. 
D) the object is at a lower temperature than your hand. 
E) the object cannot be a liquid.

Question 15

The relation PV = nRT holds for all ideal gases.The additional relation PV -  holds for an adiabatic process.The figure below shows two curves: one is an adiabat and one is an isotherm.Each starts at the same pressure and volume.Which statement is correct? (Note: "$\infty$" means "is proportional to". )

Accepted Answer

A) Isotherm: $p \propto \frac { 1 } { V }$ ;Adiabat: $p \propto \frac { 1 } { V }$ : A is both an isotherm and an adiabat. 
B) Isotherm: $p \propto \frac { 1 } { V ^ { \gamma } }$ ;Adiabat: $p \propto \frac { 1 } { V }$ : B is an isotherm,A is an adiabat. 
C) Isotherm: $p \propto \frac { 1 } { V }$ ;Adiabat: $p \propto \frac { 1 } { V ^ { \gamma } }$ : A is an isotherm,B is an adiabat. 
D) Isotherm: $p \propto \frac { 1 } { V ^ { \gamma } }$ ;Adiabat: $$p \propto \frac { 1 } { V ^ { \gamma } }$$:B is both an isotherm and an adiabat. 
E) cannot answer without additional information about the starting temperature. 
A) Isotherm: $p \propto \frac { 1 } { V }$ ;Adiabat: $p \propto \frac { 1 } { V }$ : A is both an isotherm and an adiabat. 
B) Isotherm: $p \propto \frac { 1 } { V ^ { \gamma } }$ ;Adiabat: $p \propto \frac { 1 } { V }$ : B is an isotherm,A is an adiabat. 
C) Isotherm: $p \propto \frac { 1 } { V }$ ;Adiabat: $p \propto \frac { 1 } { V ^ { \gamma } }$ : A is an isotherm,B is an adiabat. 
D) Isotherm: $p \propto \frac { 1 } { V ^ { \gamma } }$ ;Adiabat: $$p \propto \frac { 1 } { V ^ { \gamma } }$$:B is both an isotherm and an adiabat. 
E) cannot answer without additional information about the starting temperature.

Question 16

In an isothermal process

Accepted Answer

A) the volume remains constant. 
B) the temperature remains constant. 
C) no heat is transferred between a system and its surroundings. 
D) the pressure remains constant. 
E) the internal energy is not constant. 
A) the volume remains constant. 
B) the temperature remains constant. 
C) no heat is transferred between a system and its surroundings. 
D) the pressure remains constant. 
E) the internal energy is not constant.

Question 17

If CP for an ideal gas is 35.4 J/mol.K,which of the following is CV for this gas?

Accepted Answer

A) 12.5 J/mol.K 
B) 20.8 J/mol.K 
C) 29.1 J/mol.K 
D) 27.1 J/mol.K 
E) 43.4 J/mol.K 
A) 12.5 J/mol.K 
B) 20.8 J/mol.K 
C) 29.1 J/mol.K 
D) 27.1 J/mol.K 
E) 43.4 J/mol.K

Question 18

One mole of helium gas expands adiabatically from 2 atm pressure to 1 atm pressure.If the original temperature of the gas is 20$\degree$C,what is the final temperature of the gas? ($\gamma$ = 1.67)

Accepted Answer

The answer of One mole of helium gas expands adiabatically...

Question 19

In an adiabatic free expansion

Accepted Answer

A) no heat is transferred between a system and its surroundings. 
B) the pressure remains constant. 
C) the temperature remains constant. 
D) the volume remains constant. 
E) the process is reversible. 
A) no heat is transferred between a system and its surroundings. 
B) the pressure remains constant. 
C) the temperature remains constant. 
D) the volume remains constant. 
E) the process is reversible.

Question 20

A 100-g cube of ice is heated from -120 $\degree$C to +120 $\degree$C.In which of the following processes is the greatest amount of energy absorbed by this material?

Accepted Answer

A) warming ice to the melting point 
B) melting the ice to become water 
C) warming the resulting water 
D) vaporizing the water to become steam 
E) heating the steam 
A) warming ice to the melting point 
B) melting the ice to become water 
C) warming the resulting water 
D) vaporizing the water to become steam 
E) heating the steam

Exam 17: Energy in Thermal Processes: the First Law of Thermodynamics

Which statement below regarding the First Law of Thermodynamics is most correct?

Gas in a container increases its pressure from 1 atm to 3 atm while keeping its volume constant.Find the work done (in J)by the gas if the volume is 5 liters.

In an isothermal process

Star A has a radius of 200 000 km and a surface temperature of 6 000 K.Star B has a radius of 400 000 km and a surface temperature of 3 000 K.The emissivity of both stars is the same.What is the ratio of the rate of energy radiated by Star A to that of Star B?

If a person in Alaska were locked out of his house on a day when the temperature outside was -40 °\degree° C,his thick clothing would mostly reduce the loss of thermal energy by

The molar specific heat at constant volume at 0 °\degree° C of an ideal diatomic gas is

In an isobaric process

Beryl states that insulation with the smallest possible thermal conductivity is best to keep a house warm in winter,but worst for keeping a house cool in summer.Sapphire insists the reverse is true: low thermal conductivity is good in the summer,but bad in the winter.Which one,if either is correct?

Determine the work done by 5 moles of an ideal gas that is kept at 100 °\degree° C in an expansion from 1 liter to 5 liters.

A super-insulated house is at a temperature of 20 °\degree° C.The temperature outside is 0 °\degree° C.The surface area of the house is 200 m2,and the emissivity is 1.Approximately how much energy is radiated (in W)per second?

For an astronaut working outside a spaceship,the greatest loss of heat would occur by means of

If an object feels cold to the touch,the only statement that you can make that must be correct is that

In an isothermal process

If CP for an ideal gas is 35.4 J/mol.K,which of the following is CV for this gas?

One mole of helium gas expands adiabatically from 2 atm pressure to 1 atm pressure.If the original temperature of the gas is 20 °\degree° C,what is the final temperature of the gas? ( γ\gammaγ = 1.67)

In an adiabatic free expansion

A 100-g cube of ice is heated from -120 °\degree° C to +120 °\degree° C.In which of the following processes is the greatest amount of energy absorbed by this material?

Introduction and Vectors

Motion in One Dimension

Motion in Two Dimensions

The Laws of Motion

More Applications of Newtons Laws

Energy of a System

Conservation of Energy

Momentum and Collisions

Relativity

Rotational Motion

Gravity,planetary Orbits,and the Hydrogen Atom

Oscillatory Motion

Mechanical Waves

Superposition and Standing Waves

Fluid Mechanics

Temperature and the Kinetic Theory of Gases

Heat Engines,entropy,and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Electric Forces and Electric Fields

Electric Potential and Capacitance

Current and Direct Current Circuits

Magnetic Forces and Magnetic Fields

Faradays Law and Inductance

Electromagnetic Waves

Reflection and Refraction of Light

Image Formation by Mirrors and Lenses

Wave Optics

Quantum Physics

Atomic Physics

Nuclear Physics

Particle Physics

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If a person in Alaska were locked out of his house on a day when the temperature outside was -40 $\degree$ C,his thick clothing would mostly reduce the loss of thermal energy by

The molar specific heat at constant volume at 0 $\degree$ C of an ideal diatomic gas is

Determine the work done by 5 moles of an ideal gas that is kept at 100 $\degree$ C in an expansion from 1 liter to 5 liters.

A super-insulated house is at a temperature of 20 $\degree$ C.The temperature outside is 0 $\degree$ C.The surface area of the house is 200 m²,and the emissivity is 1.Approximately how much energy is radiated (in W)per second?

If C_Pfor an ideal gas is 35.4 J/mol.K,which of the following is C_V for this gas?

One mole of helium gas expands adiabatically from 2 atm pressure to 1 atm pressure.If the original temperature of the gas is 20 $\degree$ C,what is the final temperature of the gas? ( $\gamma$ = 1.67)

A 100-g cube of ice is heated from -120 $\degree$ C to +120 $\degree$ C.In which of the following processes is the greatest amount of energy absorbed by this material?