Question 1

Which of the following statements pertaining to the conditioned response is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) The conditioned response is elicited by the unconditioned stimulus. 
B) The conditioned response is an instinctual behaviour. 
C) The conditioned response is elicited by the conditioned stimulus. 
D) The conditioned response in classical conditioning is always salivation. 
A) The conditioned response is elicited by the unconditioned stimulus. 
B) The conditioned response is an instinctual behaviour. 
C) The conditioned response is elicited by the conditioned stimulus. 
D) The conditioned response in classical conditioning is always salivation.

Question 2

For Kyle,the smell of freshly baked cookies will always be connected to the memory of his grandmother.This is an example of which type of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive 
B) observational 
C) latent 
D) associative 
A) cognitive 
B) observational 
C) latent 
D) associative

Question 3

When a stimulus is removed from a person or animal resulting in a decrease in the probability of response,it is known as

Accepted Answer

A) positive punishment. 
B) negative punishment. 
C) punishing reinforcement. 
D) negative reinforcement. 
A) positive punishment. 
B) negative punishment. 
C) punishing reinforcement. 
D) negative reinforcement.

Question 4

Research on the sexual conditioning of Japanese quails provides a possible explanation for which phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) avian flu 
B) sexual fetishism 
C) monogamy 
D) polygamy 
A) avian flu 
B) sexual fetishism 
C) monogamy 
D) polygamy

Question 5

According to the concept of preparedness,which stimulus would make the most effective CS in a fear conditioning experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) gun 
B) spider 
C) flower 
D) rabbit 
A) gun 
B) spider 
C) flower 
D) rabbit

Question 6

The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction is called ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) generalization 
B) reacquisition 
C) spontaneous recovery 
D) discrimination 
A) generalization 
B) reacquisition 
C) spontaneous recovery 
D) discrimination

Question 7

The process by which a stimulus strengthens or increases the probability of the response that it follows is called ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) higher-order conditioning 
B) latent learning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) reinforcement 
A) higher-order conditioning 
B) latent learning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) reinforcement

Question 8

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice aftershave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart raced.Luke's kiss was the _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus 
B) unconditioned response 
C) conditioned stimulus 
D) conditioned response 
A) unconditioned stimulus 
B) unconditioned response 
C) conditioned stimulus 
D) conditioned response

Question 9

______________ is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced.

Accepted Answer

A) Shaping 
B) Spontaneous recovery 
C) Stimulus generalization 
D) Stimulus discrimination 
A) Shaping 
B) Spontaneous recovery 
C) Stimulus generalization 
D) Stimulus discrimination

Question 10

How do you know you have classically conditioned a person or an animal?

Accepted Answer

A) The unconditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the unconditioned response. 
B) The unconditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the conditioned response. 
C) The conditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the conditioned response. 
D) The unconditioned response all by itself elicits the conditioned response. 
A) The unconditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the unconditioned response. 
B) The unconditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the conditioned response. 
C) The conditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the conditioned response. 
D) The unconditioned response all by itself elicits the conditioned response.

Question 11

Extinction is believed to be a form of _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) learning 
B) forgetting 
C) operant conditioning 
D) generalization 
A) learning 
B) forgetting 
C) operant conditioning 
D) generalization

Question 12

Which of the following is true concerning partial schedules of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) Interval schedules tend to yield higher rates of responding as compared to ratio schedules. 
B) Ratio schedules tend to yield higher rates of responding as compared to interval schedules. 
C) Fixed schedules tend to yield higher rates of responding as compared to variable schedules. 
D) All combinations of intermittent schedules tend to yield similar rates of responding. 
A) Interval schedules tend to yield higher rates of responding as compared to ratio schedules. 
B) Ratio schedules tend to yield higher rates of responding as compared to interval schedules. 
C) Fixed schedules tend to yield higher rates of responding as compared to variable schedules. 
D) All combinations of intermittent schedules tend to yield similar rates of responding.

Question 13

The term operant refers to the fact that,in operant conditioning,

Accepted Answer

A) the organism must operate on the environment before consequences can occur. 
B) reinforcers and punishers operate on the organism to change its behaviour. 
C) the US operates on the CS to change its association with the CR. 
D) the experimenter operates on the organism to change its behaviour. 
A) the organism must operate on the environment before consequences can occur. 
B) reinforcers and punishers operate on the organism to change its behaviour. 
C) the US operates on the CS to change its association with the CR. 
D) the experimenter operates on the organism to change its behaviour.

Question 14

Which type of learning occurs when we observe other people act?

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) insight learning 
D) observational learning 
A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) insight learning 
D) observational learning

Question 15

Which of the following is true concerning Bandura's classic "Bobo" doll study?

Accepted Answer

A) Exposure to aggressive models led to increased aggression in children. 
B) Exposure to aggressive models did not influence levels of aggression in children. 
C) Exposure to aggressive models led to decreased levels of aggression in children. 
D) Exposure to nonaggressive models led to increased levels of aggression in children. 
A) Exposure to aggressive models led to increased aggression in children. 
B) Exposure to aggressive models did not influence levels of aggression in children. 
C) Exposure to aggressive models led to decreased levels of aggression in children. 
D) Exposure to nonaggressive models led to increased levels of aggression in children.

Question 16

The abbreviation US stands for _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) unconditional statement 
B) uniform subject 
C) unconditioned sensation 
D) unconditioned stimulus 
A) unconditional statement 
B) uniform subject 
C) unconditioned sensation 
D) unconditioned stimulus

Question 17

In classical conditioning,the unconditioned stimulus is

Accepted Answer

A) the stimulus that triggers a response after being paired with a conditioned stimulus. 
B) the stimulus that triggers a conditioned response. 
C) the stimulus that triggers a response after being paired with another stimulus. 
D) the stimulus that triggers a response without learning having taken place. 
A) the stimulus that triggers a response after being paired with a conditioned stimulus. 
B) the stimulus that triggers a conditioned response. 
C) the stimulus that triggers a response after being paired with another stimulus. 
D) the stimulus that triggers a response without learning having taken place.

Question 18

In classical conditioning,the responses involved tend to be __________________,but in operant conditioning they are __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) punished;reinforced 
B) reinforced;punished 
C) reflexive;voluntary 
D) voluntary;reflexive 
A) punished;reinforced 
B) reinforced;punished 
C) reflexive;voluntary 
D) voluntary;reflexive

Question 19

Julie is expected to cut the lawn weekly.Her parents only give her money once in a while after she cuts the lawn.Julie is being reinforced using a _____________ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) continuous 
B) partial 
C) classical 
D) secondary 
A) continuous 
B) partial 
C) classical 
D) secondary

Question 20

What kind of reinforcement is used if Sally's parents give her $10 every time she accumulates six As on her report card?

Accepted Answer

A) gradual reinforcement 
B) sporadic reinforcement 
C) continuous reinforcement 
D) partial reinforcement 
A) gradual reinforcement 
B) sporadic reinforcement 
C) continuous reinforcement 
D) partial reinforcement

Exam 6: B: Learning

Which of the following statements pertaining to the conditioned response is accurate?

For Kyle,the smell of freshly baked cookies will always be connected to the memory of his grandmother.This is an example of which type of learning?

When a stimulus is removed from a person or animal resulting in a decrease in the probability of response,it is known as

Research on the sexual conditioning of Japanese quails provides a possible explanation for which phenomenon?

According to the concept of preparedness,which stimulus would make the most effective CS in a fear conditioning experiment?

The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction is called ________________.

The process by which a stimulus strengthens or increases the probability of the response that it follows is called ______________.

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice aftershave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart raced.Luke's kiss was the _______________.

______________ is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced.

How do you know you have classically conditioned a person or an animal?

Extinction is believed to be a form of _____________.

Which of the following is true concerning partial schedules of reinforcement?

The term operant refers to the fact that,in operant conditioning,

Which type of learning occurs when we observe other people act?

Which of the following is true concerning Bandura's classic "Bobo" doll study?

The abbreviation US stands for _______________.

In classical conditioning,the unconditioned stimulus is

In classical conditioning,the responses involved tend to be __________________,but in operant conditioning they are __________________.

Julie is expected to cut the lawn weekly.Her parents only give her money once in a while after she cuts the lawn.Julie is being reinforced using a _____________ schedule of reinforcement.

What kind of reinforcement is used if Sally's parents give her $10 every time she accumulates six As on her report card?

A: Introducing Psychological Science

B: Introducing Psychological Science

C: Introducing Psychological Science

D: Introducing Psychological Science

E: Introducing Psychological Science

A: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

B: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

C: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

D: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

E: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

E: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

E: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

E: Consciousness

A: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

E: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

E: Memory

A: Thought and Language

B: Thought and Language

C: Thought and Language

D: Thought and Language

E: Thought and Language

A: Intelligence Testing

B: Intelligence Testing

C: Intelligence Testing

D: Intelligence Testing

E: Intelligence Testing

A: Lifespan Development

B: Lifespan Development

C: Lifespan Development

D: Lifespan Development

E: Lifespan Development

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

Emotivation and Emotion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

E: Personality

In classical conditioning,the responses involved tend to be ,but in operant conditioning they are .