Exam 3: How Drugs Work in the Body and on the Mind

Contrast the hindbrain, the midbrain, and the forebrain regions in terms of their general responsibilities. Which region do drugs typically affect first, and which region do they typically affect last?

Dopamine is more fat-soluble than L-Dopa.

"First-pass metabolism" is an important function of the esophagus.

Smoking is a method of inhalation that depends upon __________.

In a double-blind procedure, knowledge about whether a drug or a placebo is being administered is withheld from __________.

Athletes can experience a "runner's high," or euphoria, during strenuous physical activity due to elevated levels of_______.

Sniffing employs the same route of administration as__________.

It is possible to develop a tolerance to a drug you have never taken before.

Reuptake refers to the "returning back" of the neurotransmitter to the __________.

The smaller the quantity of the drug, the faster the body tries to get rid of it.

The most recently evolved part of the human brain is the __________.

Which response would be a result of sympathetic activation?

There are approximately 100 billion neurons in the brain.

When the combination of two drugs results in an acute effect that is equivalent to the sum of the effects of either drug administered separately, the effect is known as __________.

Norepinephrine is to the hypothalamus as serotonin is to the pons.

The neurotransmitter responsible for regulating our mood states is acetylcholine.

In general, genetic influences in substance abuse have been thought to be more prominent than social environmental factors among _____________.

Analogy: Sublingual is to transdermal as __________.

Psychoactive drugs can produce bodily effects that are oriented toward parasympathetic rather than sympathetic activation.

The technique used to keep the concentration of the drug high enough to be effective yet low enough to avoid toxic effects is known as the __________.