Question 1

Although conceptualized differently, social cognitive theory shares many fundamental assumptions with trait theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The text notes that a defining characteristic of persons involves persons'

Accepted Answer

A)  language and reasoning abilities. 
B)  capacity for self-reflection. 
C)  capacity to think about the future. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above. 
A)  language and reasoning abilities. 
B)  capacity for self-reflection. 
C)  capacity to think about the future. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above.

Question 3

A major theme is Bandura's work is that people

Accepted Answer

A)  can learn merely by observation. 
B)  have the capacity to self-regulate their actions and experiences. 
C)  contribute agentically to their own development. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above. 
A)  can learn merely by observation. 
B)  have the capacity to self-regulate their actions and experiences. 
C)  contribute agentically to their own development. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above.

Question 4

Delay of gratification research is concerned with

Accepted Answer

A)  the learning of new skills 
B)  the control of impulses 
C)  motivating oneself when one can no incentive to take action 
D)  unconvering unconscious mental forces 
A)  the learning of new skills 
B)  the control of impulses 
C)  motivating oneself when one can no incentive to take action 
D)  unconvering unconscious mental forces

Question 5

Expectations generally

Accepted Answer

A)  are inherited. 
B)  vary from situation to situation. 
C)  cannot be stated in words. 
D)  are consistent from situation to situation. 
A)  are inherited. 
B)  vary from situation to situation. 
C)  cannot be stated in words. 
D)  are consistent from situation to situation.

Question 6

The point of Cervone and Peake's research on anchoring, self-efficacy, and behavior was that

Accepted Answer

A)  people are highly motivated to perform well in academic settings. 
B)  self-efficacy judgments causally influence behavior. 
C)  self-efficacy should be assessed in a context-specific manner. 
D)  self-efficacy judgments may change over time. 
A)  people are highly motivated to perform well in academic settings. 
B)  self-efficacy judgments causally influence behavior. 
C)  self-efficacy should be assessed in a context-specific manner. 
D)  self-efficacy judgments may change over time.

Question 7

Observed consequences to a model most affect

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition of responses. 
B)  performance of responses. 
C)  both to the same degree. 
D)  They have no consistent effect. 
A)  acquisition of responses. 
B)  performance of responses. 
C)  both to the same degree. 
D)  They have no consistent effect.

Question 8

What did Casey et al.'s (2011) research indicate regarding the link between childhood ability to delay gratification and adulthood brain activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  There was no link, indicating that delay ability likely changes through the lifespan. 
B)  There was only a link among those who were low in SES, indicating that there is an interaction between SES and delay ability. 
C)  There was a link, indicating that delay ability likely remains relatively stable throughout the lifespan 
D)  There was only a link among those who were high in SES, indicating that there is an interaction between SES and delay ability. 
A)  There was no link, indicating that delay ability likely changes through the lifespan. 
B)  There was only a link among those who were low in SES, indicating that there is an interaction between SES and delay ability. 
C)  There was a link, indicating that delay ability likely remains relatively stable throughout the lifespan 
D)  There was only a link among those who were high in SES, indicating that there is an interaction between SES and delay ability.

Question 9

According to social cognitive theory, the process of reciprocal determinism suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  people influence their environments. 
B)  environments influence people. 
C)  both (a) and (b). 
D)  neither (a) nor (b). 
A)  people influence their environments. 
B)  environments influence people. 
C)  both (a) and (b). 
D)  neither (a) nor (b).

Question 10

Casey et al.'s (2011) research linking the ability to delay gratification in childhood to brain activity during adulthood revealed that relative to those high in the ability, those low in the ability had:

Accepted Answer

A)  greater activation in the frontal lobes and in the striatum 
B)  greater activation in the frontal lobes and lower activation in the striatum 
C)  lower activation in the frontal lobes and in the striatum 
D)  lower activation in the frontal lobes and greater activation in the striatum 
A)  greater activation in the frontal lobes and in the striatum 
B)  greater activation in the frontal lobes and lower activation in the striatum 
C)  lower activation in the frontal lobes and in the striatum 
D)  lower activation in the frontal lobes and greater activation in the striatum

Question 11

What are the core personality variables in social cognitive theory? How do these contrast with the sort of personality variables found in trait theory (e.g., in the Big Five model)?

Accepted Answer

In social cognitive theory, the core per

Question 12

Two of Mischel's mentors were

Accepted Answer

A)  Kelly and Rotter. 
B)  Bandura and Kelly. 
C)  Bandura and Rotter. 
D)  Kelly and Eysenck. 
A)  Kelly and Rotter. 
B)  Bandura and Kelly. 
C)  Bandura and Rotter. 
D)  Kelly and Eysenck.

Question 13

In Michel's delay of gratification paradigm, children wait longest if they see

Accepted Answer

A)  the immediate reward. 
B)  the delayed reward. 
C)  both rewards. 
D)  neither reward. 
A)  the immediate reward. 
B)  the delayed reward. 
C)  both rewards. 
D)  neither reward.

Question 14

_______ refers to what people think will happen, whereas _______ refer to what people think should happen.

Accepted Answer

A)  goals; standards 
B)  standards; goals 
C)  expectancies; standards 
D)  standards; expectancies 
A)  goals; standards 
B)  standards; goals 
C)  expectancies; standards 
D)  standards; expectancies

Question 15

According to theorizing by Bandura and colleagues, the disengagement of moral standards allows people to:

Accepted Answer

A)  engage in immoral behaviors when it is to their advantage to do so. 
B)  disregard their own standards of behavior. 
C)  engage in behaviors they believe to be morally wrong. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  engage in immoral behaviors when it is to their advantage to do so. 
B)  disregard their own standards of behavior. 
C)  engage in behaviors they believe to be morally wrong. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 16

According to research by Casey et al. (2011), people low in the ability to delay gratification displayed more processing in the striatum, an area of the brain associated with processing reward information. How does this provide insight into the ability to delay gratification?

Accepted Answer

A)  It indicates that in order to delay gratification, one must become very sensitive to environmental rewards. 
B)  It indicates that the direction of causality in the ability to delay gratification is from brain to behavior. 
C)  It indicates that in order to delay gratification, one must become a little less sensitive to environmental rewards. 
D)  It indicates that the direction of causality in the ability to delay gratification is from behavior to brain. 
A)  It indicates that in order to delay gratification, one must become very sensitive to environmental rewards. 
B)  It indicates that the direction of causality in the ability to delay gratification is from brain to behavior. 
C)  It indicates that in order to delay gratification, one must become a little less sensitive to environmental rewards. 
D)  It indicates that the direction of causality in the ability to delay gratification is from behavior to brain.

Question 17

In Michel's delay of gratification paradigm, children get a large reward if they

Accepted Answer

A)  wait for a designated period of time. 
B)  have a high sense of self-efficacy. 
C)  show an if . . . then . . . behavioral signature. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  wait for a designated period of time. 
B)  have a high sense of self-efficacy. 
C)  show an if . . . then . . . behavioral signature. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 18

A numerical value that can influence people's estimates of a quantity is called

Accepted Answer

A)  an expectancy. 
B)  a goal. 
C)  an anchor value. 
D)  a standard. 
A)  an expectancy. 
B)  a goal. 
C)  an anchor value. 
D)  a standard.

Question 19

Like Kelly's personal construct theory, social cognitive theorists believe that much human thought and action is

Accepted Answer

A)  future-oriented. 
B)  influenced by submerged constructs. 
C)  determined by childhood events. 
D)  determined by environmental rewards. 
A)  future-oriented. 
B)  influenced by submerged constructs. 
C)  determined by childhood events. 
D)  determined by environmental rewards.

Question 20

A feature that differentiates social cognitive theory from behaviorism is the two theories' different views of

Accepted Answer

A)  the importance of experimentation. 
B)  the importance of experiences in the social environment. 
C)  personality trait variables. 
D)  expectancies. 
A)  the importance of experimentation. 
B)  the importance of experiences in the social environment. 
C)  personality trait variables. 
D)  expectancies.

Although conceptualized differently, social cognitive theory shares many fundamental assumptions with trait theory.

The text notes that a defining characteristic of persons involves persons'

A major theme is Bandura's work is that people

Delay of gratification research is concerned with

Expectations generally

The point of Cervone and Peake's research on anchoring, self-efficacy, and behavior was that

Observed consequences to a model most affect

What did Casey et al.'s (2011) research indicate regarding the link between childhood ability to delay gratification and adulthood brain activity?

According to social cognitive theory, the process of reciprocal determinism suggests that

Casey et al.'s (2011) research linking the ability to delay gratification in childhood to brain activity during adulthood revealed that relative to those high in the ability, those low in the ability had:

What are the core personality variables in social cognitive theory? How do these contrast with the sort of personality variables found in trait theory (e.g., in the Big Five model)?

Two of Mischel's mentors were

In Michel's delay of gratification paradigm, children wait longest if they see

_ refers to what people think will happen, whereas _ refer to what people think should happen.

According to theorizing by Bandura and colleagues, the disengagement of moral standards allows people to:

According to research by Casey et al. (2011), people low in the ability to delay gratification displayed more processing in the striatum, an area of the brain associated with processing reward information. How does this provide insight into the ability to delay gratification?

In Michel's delay of gratification paradigm, children get a large reward if they

A numerical value that can influence people's estimates of a quantity is called

Like Kelly's personal construct theory, social cognitive theorists believe that much human thought and action is

A feature that differentiates social cognitive theory from behaviorism is the two theories' different views of

Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories

The Scientific Study of People

A Psychodynamic Theory: Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

Freuds Psychodynamic Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers Person-Centered Theory of Personality

A Phenomenological Theory - Applications and Evaluation of Rogers Theory

Trait Approaches to Personality - Allport, Eyesneck and Cattell

Trait Theory: the Five-Factor Model: Applications and Evaluation of the Trait Approach

Biological Foundations of Personality

Behaviorism and the Learning Approaches to Personality

A Cognitive Theory of Personality: George a Kellys Personal Construct Theory of Personality

Social-Cognitive Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

Personality in Context: Interpersonal Relations, Culture, and Development Across the Course of Life

An Overview of Personality Theory, Assessment, and Research

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Exam 12: Social Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel

Although conceptualized differently, social cognitive theory shares many fundamental assumptions with trait theory.

The text notes that a defining characteristic of persons involves persons'

A major theme is Bandura's work is that people

Delay of gratification research is concerned with

Expectations generally

The point of Cervone and Peake's research on anchoring, self-efficacy, and behavior was that

Observed consequences to a model most affect

What did Casey et al.'s (2011) research indicate regarding the link between childhood ability to delay gratification and adulthood brain activity?

According to social cognitive theory, the process of reciprocal determinism suggests that

Casey et al.'s (2011) research linking the ability to delay gratification in childhood to brain activity during adulthood revealed that relative to those high in the ability, those low in the ability had:

What are the core personality variables in social cognitive theory? How do these contrast with the sort of personality variables found in trait theory (e.g., in the Big Five model)?

Two of Mischel's mentors were

In Michel's delay of gratification paradigm, children wait longest if they see

_______ refers to what people think will happen, whereas _______ refer to what people think should happen.

According to theorizing by Bandura and colleagues, the disengagement of moral standards allows people to:

According to research by Casey et al. (2011), people low in the ability to delay gratification displayed more processing in the striatum, an area of the brain associated with processing reward information. How does this provide insight into the ability to delay gratification?

In Michel's delay of gratification paradigm, children get a large reward if they

A numerical value that can influence people's estimates of a quantity is called

Like Kelly's personal construct theory, social cognitive theorists believe that much human thought and action is

A feature that differentiates social cognitive theory from behaviorism is the two theories' different views of

Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories

The Scientific Study of People

A Psychodynamic Theory: Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

Freuds Psychodynamic Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers Person-Centered Theory of Personality

A Phenomenological Theory - Applications and Evaluation of Rogers Theory

Trait Approaches to Personality - Allport, Eyesneck and Cattell

Trait Theory: the Five-Factor Model: Applications and Evaluation of the Trait Approach

Biological Foundations of Personality

Behaviorism and the Learning Approaches to Personality

A Cognitive Theory of Personality: George a Kellys Personal Construct Theory of Personality

Social-Cognitive Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

Personality in Context: Interpersonal Relations, Culture, and Development Across the Course of Life

An Overview of Personality Theory, Assessment, and Research

Filters

_ refers to what people think will happen, whereas _ refer to what people think should happen.