Exam 9: Crustal Deformation

A dip measurement includes both the angle of inclination and the compass direction from which the rock is inclined (uphill direction).

Downwarped regions of the crust with closed elliptical or circular outcrop patterns that preserve sedimentary strata are called basins.

Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. -Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

A circular to elliptical structure developed by upward arching of the older central strata is a ________.

A reverse fault is one in which ________.

A(n)________ has strata on both limbs dipping inward toward the axis.

Briefly explain the difference between stress and strain.

A transform fault is ________.

Large strike slip and transform faults consist of a broad zone of roughly parallel fractures cutting crushed, rotated, detached rocks and can be up to several kilometres in width.

In a reverse fault, the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block.

Where (under what conditions)does brittle failure occur?

In thrust faulting, ________.

On the blanks provided below, fill in the name of the specific type of geologic feature that have been labelled.

Which one of the following stress situations results in folding of flat-lying, sedimentary strata?

Joints in rocks are characterized by ________.

When do rocks succumb to ductile deformation?

Name two examples of manmade construction or engineering works which require knowledge of, and adaption to, bedrock structures and associated zones of weakness?

Give two examples of compressional fold mountain belts where thrusting of more than 50 kilometres has occurred.

In a ________ fault, the hanging wall block moves up over the footwall block.

Since the San Andreas fault started moving about 29 million years ago it has moved a total distance of 560 kilometres.How many centimetres does it move per year on average?