Question 1

Which statement best describes the path to women's suffrage in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some states granted women the right to vote first, and then a constitutional amendment gave all women the right to vote. 
B)  A constitutional amendment gave all women the right to vote, and then each state passed laws granting women the right to vote. 
C)  During the fall of 1920, every state passed a law granting women the right to vote, and the United States Constitution was amended to give women the right to vote. 
D)  The Supreme Court ruled that laws prohibiting women's suffrage were unconstitutional, and all states were forced to give women the right to vote. 
E)  A national ballot initiative granting women the right to vote was passed by a majority of voters in every state. 
A)  Some states granted women the right to vote first, and then a constitutional amendment gave all women the right to vote. 
B)  A constitutional amendment gave all women the right to vote, and then each state passed laws granting women the right to vote. 
C)  During the fall of 1920, every state passed a law granting women the right to vote, and the United States Constitution was amended to give women the right to vote. 
D)  The Supreme Court ruled that laws prohibiting women's suffrage were unconstitutional, and all states were forced to give women the right to vote. 
E)  A national ballot initiative granting women the right to vote was passed by a majority of voters in every state. A

Question 2

"Strict scrutiny" is the level of judicial review the federal courts give to all cases that involve

Accepted Answer

A)  racial classifications. 
B)  gender classifications. 
C)  age classifications. 
D)  ability classifications. 
E)  sexual orientation classifications. 
A)  racial classifications. 
B)  gender classifications. 
C)  age classifications. 
D)  ability classifications. 
E)  sexual orientation classifications. A

Question 3

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

Accepted Answer

A)  was a valuable tool for the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it prohibited gender discrimination. 
B)  was a valuable tool for the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it added the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution. 
C)  significantly hurt the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it only outlawed discrimination on the basis of race. 
D)  significantly hurt the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it required government to treat men and women differently in many areas of public policy. 
E)  had no effect on the women's movement of the 1960s and 1970s. 
A)  was a valuable tool for the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it prohibited gender discrimination. 
B)  was a valuable tool for the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it added the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution. 
C)  significantly hurt the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it only outlawed discrimination on the basis of race. 
D)  significantly hurt the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it required government to treat men and women differently in many areas of public policy. 
E)  had no effect on the women's movement of the 1960s and 1970s. A

Question 4

In 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The right to vote was strengthened in 1975 when Congress

Accepted Answer

A)  made literacy tests mandatory for presidential elections. 
B)  made literacy tests illegal and mandated bilingual ballots or other assistance for non-English-speaking Americans. 
C)  gave women the right to vote. 
D)  gave eighteen-year-olds the right to vote. 
E)  made poll taxes illegal. 
A)  made literacy tests mandatory for presidential elections. 
B)  made literacy tests illegal and mandated bilingual ballots or other assistance for non-English-speaking Americans. 
C)  gave women the right to vote. 
D)  gave eighteen-year-olds the right to vote. 
E)  made poll taxes illegal.

Question 6

What forbade workplace discrimination based on race?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Fourteenth Amendment 
B)  the Civil Rights Act of 1875 
C)  the Civil Rights Act of 1964 
D)  the Nineteenth Amendment 
E)  the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education 
A)  the Fourteenth Amendment 
B)  the Civil Rights Act of 1875 
C)  the Civil Rights Act of 1964 
D)  the Nineteenth Amendment 
E)  the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education

Question 7

Which of the following best summarizes the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education?

Accepted Answer

A)  Racially segregated schools can never be equal. 
B)  States that segregate must spend more money to make African American schools equal. 
C)  States that segregate must spend less money on all-white schools in order to make them equal with African American schools. 
D)  The federal judiciary, but not Congress, has the power to enforce civil rights. 
E)  School segregation is unfair but does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. 
A)  Racially segregated schools can never be equal. 
B)  States that segregate must spend more money to make African American schools equal. 
C)  States that segregate must spend less money on all-white schools in order to make them equal with African American schools. 
D)  The federal judiciary, but not Congress, has the power to enforce civil rights. 
E)  School segregation is unfair but does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 8

One step taken toward the desegregation of public schools was

Accepted Answer

A)  busing children from poor urban school districts to wealthier suburban ones. 
B)  outlawing of all forms of de facto segregation. 
C)  opening numerous private schools and academies. 
D)  providing white parents with valuable tax credits if they enrolled their children in all-black schools. 
E)  attracting more black students to white schools by hiring only black teachers. 
A)  busing children from poor urban school districts to wealthier suburban ones. 
B)  outlawing of all forms of de facto segregation. 
C)  opening numerous private schools and academies. 
D)  providing white parents with valuable tax credits if they enrolled their children in all-black schools. 
E)  attracting more black students to white schools by hiring only black teachers.

Question 9

The Supreme Court case Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) is important because it

Accepted Answer

A)  asserted that violations of Title IX of the 1972 Education Act could be remedied with monetary damages. 
B)  permitted public schools to experiment with gender segregation. 
C)  required states to fund schools on Indian reservations at the same levels as all other public schools. 
D)  narrowed the free speech rights that students enjoyed at school. 
E)  found busing to integrate schools unconstitutional. 
A)  asserted that violations of Title IX of the 1972 Education Act could be remedied with monetary damages. 
B)  permitted public schools to experiment with gender segregation. 
C)  required states to fund schools on Indian reservations at the same levels as all other public schools. 
D)  narrowed the free speech rights that students enjoyed at school. 
E)  found busing to integrate schools unconstitutional.

Question 10

Why did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) rely primarily on the courts to press for black political rights in its early years?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only the courts had the legal authority to grant African Americans political rights, so the litigation strategy was most consistent with the organization's goals. 
B)  The organization was composed of five members and, due to the fact that they were all lawyers, the strategy of litigation seemed to be the most logical choice. 
C)  The organization was legally prohibited from contacting elected officials at the state and local level and, therefore, had no other alternative than a strategy of litigation. 
D)  Many judges were African American and, therefore, more sympathetic to the claims of the organization than legislators. 
E)  The northern black vote was too small to bring about policy change at the legislative level, so the organization chose a strategy of litigation. 
A)  Only the courts had the legal authority to grant African Americans political rights, so the litigation strategy was most consistent with the organization's goals. 
B)  The organization was composed of five members and, due to the fact that they were all lawyers, the strategy of litigation seemed to be the most logical choice. 
C)  The organization was legally prohibited from contacting elected officials at the state and local level and, therefore, had no other alternative than a strategy of litigation. 
D)  Many judges were African American and, therefore, more sympathetic to the claims of the organization than legislators. 
E)  The northern black vote was too small to bring about policy change at the legislative level, so the organization chose a strategy of litigation.

Question 11

In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that

Accepted Answer

A)  quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional but affirmative action could be used. 
B)  quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were constitutional but other forms of affirmative action were unconstitutional. 
C)  all affirmative action policies were unconstitutional. 
D)  all affirmative action policies would be subject to strict scrutiny by the courts. 
E)  achieving a diverse student body was not a compelling public purpose. 
A)  quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional but affirmative action could be used. 
B)  quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were constitutional but other forms of affirmative action were unconstitutional. 
C)  all affirmative action policies were unconstitutional. 
D)  all affirmative action policies would be subject to strict scrutiny by the courts. 
E)  achieving a diverse student body was not a compelling public purpose.

Question 12

After World War II, which government institution first began drawing attention to the problem of racism in America?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Supreme Court 
B)  the White House 
C)  Congress 
D)  state governments 
E)  the State Department 
A)  the Supreme Court 
B)  the White House 
C)  Congress 
D)  state governments 
E)  the State Department

Question 13

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was

Accepted Answer

A)  the first civil rights bill Congress ever passed. 
B)  the first civil rights bill Congress had passed since Reconstruction. 
C)  the second civil rights bill passed by Congress since World War II. 
D)  the fourth civil rights bill passed by Congress since Brown v. Board of Education. 
E)  the last civil rights bill passed by Congress. 
A)  the first civil rights bill Congress ever passed. 
B)  the first civil rights bill Congress had passed since Reconstruction. 
C)  the second civil rights bill passed by Congress since World War II. 
D)  the fourth civil rights bill passed by Congress since Brown v. Board of Education. 
E)  the last civil rights bill passed by Congress.

Question 14

What was the Supreme Court's record in segregation cases in the years before Brown v. Board of Education?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Court overturned forms of segregation using the separate but equal rule on factual grounds. 
B)  The Court had struck down forms of segregation through the commerce clause, not the Fourteenth Amendment. 
C)  The Court consistently refused to strike down any form of segregation. 
D)  The Court had already struck down separate but equal as a principle before Brown. 
E)  The Court had refused to hear cases on segregation before Brown. 
A)  The Court overturned forms of segregation using the separate but equal rule on factual grounds. 
B)  The Court had struck down forms of segregation through the commerce clause, not the Fourteenth Amendment. 
C)  The Court consistently refused to strike down any form of segregation. 
D)  The Court had already struck down separate but equal as a principle before Brown. 
E)  The Court had refused to hear cases on segregation before Brown.

Question 15

Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, a plaintiff was required to show that an employer deliberately discriminated against them in order to win a lawsuit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The Equal Rights Amendment failed because it did not secure support from the required number of states necessary for ratification.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Title IX of the 1972 Education Act has had its greatest effect on

Accepted Answer

A)  college recruiting. 
B)  university athletic programs. 
C)  school busing. 
D)  religious freedom on campus. 
E)  school integration. 
A)  college recruiting. 
B)  university athletic programs. 
C)  school busing. 
D)  religious freedom on campus. 
E)  school integration.

Question 18

When did civil rights become part of the U.S. Constitution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Civil rights have always been part of the Constitution. 
B)  Civil rights were included in the Bill of Rights. 
C)  Civil rights were incorporated with the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment. 
D)  Civil rights were incorporated immediately following World War II. 
E)  Civil rights were incorporated when Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 
A)  Civil rights have always been part of the Constitution. 
B)  Civil rights were included in the Bill of Rights. 
C)  Civil rights were incorporated with the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment. 
D)  Civil rights were incorporated immediately following World War II. 
E)  Civil rights were incorporated when Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Question 19

What is the key question behind civil rights protection?

Accepted Answer

A)  What limits are placed on the government's power over individuals? 
B)  What is the proper meaning of equal rights? 
C)  What is the appropriate role of state governments? 
D)  How has the expansion of the bureaucracy affected democracy? 
E)  Do the federal courts have the authority to interpret the scope of civil rights as spelled out in the Constitution? 
A)  What limits are placed on the government's power over individuals? 
B)  What is the proper meaning of equal rights? 
C)  What is the appropriate role of state governments? 
D)  How has the expansion of the bureaucracy affected democracy? 
E)  Do the federal courts have the authority to interpret the scope of civil rights as spelled out in the Constitution?

Question 20

What was the Supreme Court's response to the Civil Rights Act of 1875?

Accepted Answer

A)  It declared the act constitutional. 
B)  It declared the act unconstitutional because it protected against acts of private discrimination, not state discrimination. 
C)  It declared the act unconstitutional because Congress had violated the principles of federalism. 
D)  It declared the act unconstitutional because Congress had violated the separation of powers. 
E)  The Supreme Court never heard a case concerning the constitutionality of this act. 
A)  It declared the act constitutional. 
B)  It declared the act unconstitutional because it protected against acts of private discrimination, not state discrimination. 
C)  It declared the act unconstitutional because Congress had violated the principles of federalism. 
D)  It declared the act unconstitutional because Congress had violated the separation of powers. 
E)  The Supreme Court never heard a case concerning the constitutionality of this act.

Which statement best describes the path to women's suffrage in the United States?

"Strict scrutiny" is the level of judicial review the federal courts give to all cases that involve

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

In 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote.

The right to vote was strengthened in 1975 when Congress

What forbade workplace discrimination based on race?

Which of the following best summarizes the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education?

One step taken toward the desegregation of public schools was

The Supreme Court case Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) is important because it

Why did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) rely primarily on the courts to press for black political rights in its early years?

In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that

After World War II, which government institution first began drawing attention to the problem of racism in America?

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was

What was the Supreme Court's record in segregation cases in the years before Brown v. Board of Education?

Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, a plaintiff was required to show that an employer deliberately discriminated against them in order to win a lawsuit.

The Equal Rights Amendment failed because it did not secure support from the required number of states necessary for ratification.

Title IX of the 1972 Education Act has had its greatest effect on

When did civil rights become part of the U.S. Constitution?

What is the key question behind civil rights protection?

What was the Supreme Court's response to the Civil Rights Act of 1875?

American Political Culture

The Founding and the Constitution

Federalism

Civil Liberties

Public Opinion

The Media

Political Participation and Voting

Political Parties

Campaigns and Elections

Groups and Interests

Congress

The Presidency

Bureaucracy in a Democracy

The Federal Courts

Filters

Exam 5: Civil Rights

Which statement best describes the path to women's suffrage in the United States?

"Strict scrutiny" is the level of judicial review the federal courts give to all cases that involve

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

In 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote.

The right to vote was strengthened in 1975 when Congress

What forbade workplace discrimination based on race?

Which of the following best summarizes the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education?

One step taken toward the desegregation of public schools was

The Supreme Court case Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) is important because it

Why did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) rely primarily on the courts to press for black political rights in its early years?

In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that

After World War II, which government institution first began drawing attention to the problem of racism in America?

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was

What was the Supreme Court's record in segregation cases in the years before Brown v. Board of Education?

Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, a plaintiff was required to show that an employer deliberately discriminated against them in order to win a lawsuit.

The Equal Rights Amendment failed because it did not secure support from the required number of states necessary for ratification.

Title IX of the 1972 Education Act has had its greatest effect on

When did civil rights become part of the U.S. Constitution?

What is the key question behind civil rights protection?

What was the Supreme Court's response to the Civil Rights Act of 1875?

American Political Culture

The Founding and the Constitution

Federalism

Civil Liberties

Public Opinion

The Media

Political Participation and Voting

Political Parties

Campaigns and Elections

Groups and Interests

Congress

The Presidency

Bureaucracy in a Democracy

The Federal Courts

Filters