Exam 5: Learning

The person most closely associated with the law of effect is ________ .

A reinforcer that adds something rewarding to a situation is called a ________ reinforcer.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the presentation of the meat was the _______.

When Casey opens the closet door to get some dog food,her dog salivates.What is the conditioned stimulus in this example?

A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and thus ________ the probability of a response.

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart raced.Luke's kiss was the:

In the experiment with Little Albert,the conditioned stimulus was __________.

Once conditioning has been acquired,presenting just the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus produces:

Abigail is trying to figure out how she can BEST use employee pay to shape her employees' behavior.She is worried about consistent behavior,not speed.Therefore,she is interested in getting a slow but steady rate of response from her workers.According to reinforcement principles,she should probably use a ________ schedule.

Sandy's favorite activity is to go to Las Vegas and play the slot machines.Her gambling behavior is being reinforced on a _______ schedule.

Which type of learning occurs when we observe other people act?

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the presentation of the meat was the __________.

The only vending machine in your dorm is notorious for delivering its merchandise only occasionally when people put money in it.This is most similar to a _______ schedule of reinforcement.

On a variable-ratio schedule,reinforcement is given ________ .

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female.The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture.The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone.In this situation the CONDITIONED response is the ________.

A kind of therapy closely related to classical conditioning is known as __________ therapy.

Reinforcing behaviors that more closely resemble a final,terminal behavior is called:

A child who calls all four-legged animals "dogs" is exhibiting ______.

Positive reinforcers:

As she walked through her neighborhood,Jodie,a 6-year-old girl,frequently saw a large brown dog.She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it,but as her hand approached the animal,it barked and bit her.The bite was painful and caused her to cry.Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size.Jodie's crying when she sees dogs is the ________.