Question 1

Conflict resolution in forager societies:

Accepted Answer

A)  usually involves a formal court style setting where the accused, placed on trial, must defend himself or herself without the help of other members of the group 
B)  is based on informal sanctions because there are generally no formal government institutions or political authority available 
C)  is handled by simply banishing the disputing parties from the band forever 
D)  is unnecessary since there are no recorded examples of disputes or conflicts in these band societies 
A)  usually involves a formal court style setting where the accused, placed on trial, must defend himself or herself without the help of other members of the group 
B)  is based on informal sanctions because there are generally no formal government institutions or political authority available 
C)  is handled by simply banishing the disputing parties from the band forever 
D)  is unnecessary since there are no recorded examples of disputes or conflicts in these band societies

Question 2

Hunting and gathering societies will sometimes resort to infanticide in order to:

Accepted Answer

A)  engage in more frequent intercourse 
B)  supplement scarce hunting resources 
C)  reduce the effects of anticipated food shortages 
D)  make sacrifices to tribal gods 
A)  engage in more frequent intercourse 
B)  supplement scarce hunting resources 
C)  reduce the effects of anticipated food shortages 
D)  make sacrifices to tribal gods

Question 3

As in U.S. politics, there is much prestige, wealth, and power associated with being a bandleader in a forager society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Infanticide is how young children, especially infants, learn about their own culture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Divorce:

Accepted Answer

A)  does not occur in forager societies because couples are never formally married 
B)  is very difficult to accomplish in hunting-gathering societies 
C)  is easily accomplished in hunting-gathering societies 
D)  is not allowed in any forager society because it is too disruptive to family life 
A)  does not occur in forager societies because couples are never formally married 
B)  is very difficult to accomplish in hunting-gathering societies 
C)  is easily accomplished in hunting-gathering societies 
D)  is not allowed in any forager society because it is too disruptive to family life

Question 6

The principal technology used for obtaining plant foods by tropical foragers is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  boomerang 
B)  blowgun and darts 
C)  polished stone axe 
D)  digging stick 
A)  boomerang 
B)  blowgun and darts 
C)  polished stone axe 
D)  digging stick

Question 7

The two basic elements of social organization for foraging groups are the:

Accepted Answer

A)  clan and tribe 
B)  nuclear family and band 
C)  troop and horde 
D)  throng and band 
E)  ensemble and group 
A)  clan and tribe 
B)  nuclear family and band 
C)  troop and horde 
D)  throng and band 
E)  ensemble and group

Question 8

Band organization among foragers is very rigid and unchanging since individuals must remain band members for life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Matrilocal residence:

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs when motherless children live together in order to survive 
B)  requires a man to reside with his wife's parents 
C)  is the most common form of living arrangement found among foragers 
D)  requires sisters to live in the same household 
A)  occurs when motherless children live together in order to survive 
B)  requires a man to reside with his wife's parents 
C)  is the most common form of living arrangement found among foragers 
D)  requires sisters to live in the same household

Question 10

In contrast to Paleolithic hunting-and-gathering societies, contemporary band societies exist only in:

Accepted Answer

A)  marginal environments 
B)  rich environments 
C)  tropical forests 
D)  deserts and savannas 
A)  marginal environments 
B)  rich environments 
C)  tropical forests 
D)  deserts and savannas

Question 11

Since cooking fires had to be fueled with expensive oil made from blubber, Eskimos ate much of their meat raw.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The belief that spirits inhabit all inorganic and organic matter is called dualism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Christopher Boehm has hypothesized that the lack of political domination and power in band level societies is due to what he calls "reverse dominance." Reverse dominance ensures that the whole group will prevent a single individual from being politically dominant or exercising undue coercive powers. Reverse dominance is practiced through criticism, ridicule, disobedience, and outright abandonment or deposition of the dominating leader. This reverse political process:

Accepted Answer

A)  causes bands to be unstable political units that often fission without warning 
B)  reinforces patterns of egalitarianism intrinsic to band level societies 
C)  makes it impossible for a band leader to make any changes that might benefit the group, making band societies static and unchanging cultural entities 
D)  makes it extremely difficult for these bands to find anyone who will assume a leadership role, and bands are often without leaders for years 
A)  causes bands to be unstable political units that often fission without warning 
B)  reinforces patterns of egalitarianism intrinsic to band level societies 
C)  makes it impossible for a band leader to make any changes that might benefit the group, making band societies static and unchanging cultural entities 
D)  makes it extremely difficult for these bands to find anyone who will assume a leadership role, and bands are often without leaders for years

Question 14

Australian aborigines relied heavily on the bow and arrow for hunting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Chiefs of bands are usually males who are elected by majority vote, and who rule, as most chiefs do, by coercion and intimidation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Since band societies are egalitarian, the leaders of bands:

Accepted Answer

A)  must lead by personal influence and persuasion rather than coercion 
B)  must lead by strictly obeying the rules and laws set down by the band council 
C)  must use force and physical threats to achieve political power 
D)  usually employ and maintain a military or police force that enforces the customs and laws 
E)  must lead by intimidation, coercion, and deception 
A)  must lead by personal influence and persuasion rather than coercion 
B)  must lead by strictly obeying the rules and laws set down by the band council 
C)  must use force and physical threats to achieve political power 
D)  usually employ and maintain a military or police force that enforces the customs and laws 
E)  must lead by intimidation, coercion, and deception

Question 17

Marginal environments often sustain hunting and gathering societies where agricultural societies cannot exist because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the resource and energy demands of agricultural societies are low 
B)  foraging societies have lower resource and energy requirements 
C)  marginal environments have always sustained large populations of fora?gers 
D)  most agricultural societies have become industrialized 
A)  the resource and energy demands of agricultural societies are low 
B)  foraging societies have lower resource and energy requirements 
C)  marginal environments have always sustained large populations of fora?gers 
D)  most agricultural societies have become industrialized

Question 18

What form of reciprocity would you expect to be the LEAST common among !Kung San, Mbuti, and Inuit groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  balanced reciprocity 
B)  generalized reciprocity 
C)  negative reciprocity 
D)  unbalanced reciprocity 
A)  balanced reciprocity 
B)  generalized reciprocity 
C)  negative reciprocity 
D)  unbalanced reciprocity

Question 19

Most of the diet of the !Kung San comes from:

Accepted Answer

A)  meat from hunting 
B)  nuts, berries, fruits, and roots 
C)  fish and shellfish 
D)  agricultural products 
A)  meat from hunting 
B)  nuts, berries, fruits, and roots 
C)  fish and shellfish 
D)  agricultural products

Question 20

Because of the strict marriage and post-marital residence rules found in hunter-gatherer societies, it is very difficult to obtain a divorce.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Conflict resolution in forager societies:

Hunting and gathering societies will sometimes resort to infanticide in order to:

As in U.S. politics, there is much prestige, wealth, and power associated with being a bandleader in a forager society.

Infanticide is how young children, especially infants, learn about their own culture.

Divorce:

The principal technology used for obtaining plant foods by tropical foragers is the:

The two basic elements of social organization for foraging groups are the:

Band organization among foragers is very rigid and unchanging since individuals must remain band members for life.

Matrilocal residence:

In contrast to Paleolithic hunting-and-gathering societies, contemporary band societies exist only in:

Since cooking fires had to be fueled with expensive oil made from blubber, Eskimos ate much of their meat raw.

The belief that spirits inhabit all inorganic and organic matter is called dualism.

Australian aborigines relied heavily on the bow and arrow for hunting.

Chiefs of bands are usually males who are elected by majority vote, and who rule, as most chiefs do, by coercion and intimidation.

Since band societies are egalitarian, the leaders of bands:

Marginal environments often sustain hunting and gathering societies where agricultural societies cannot exist because:

What form of reciprocity would you expect to be the LEAST common among !Kung San, Mbuti, and Inuit groups?

Most of the diet of the !Kung San comes from:

Because of the strict marriage and post-marital residence rules found in hunter-gatherer societies, it is very difficult to obtain a divorce.

Introduction to Anthropology

Human Evolution

Culture

The Process of Enculturation: Psychological and Cognitive Anthropology

Language

Anthropological Explanations

Analyzing Sociocultural Systems

Tribes

Chiefdoms

Agricultural States

Industrial States

Globalization, Culture, and Indigenous Societies

Globalization in Latin America, africa, and the Caribbean

Globalization in the Middle East and Asia

Race and Ethnicity

Contemporary Global Trends

Applied Anthropology

Filters

Exam 8: Band Societies

Conflict resolution in forager societies:

Hunting and gathering societies will sometimes resort to infanticide in order to:

As in U.S. politics, there is much prestige, wealth, and power associated with being a bandleader in a forager society.

Infanticide is how young children, especially infants, learn about their own culture.

Divorce:

The principal technology used for obtaining plant foods by tropical foragers is the:

The two basic elements of social organization for foraging groups are the:

Band organization among foragers is very rigid and unchanging since individuals must remain band members for life.

Matrilocal residence:

In contrast to Paleolithic hunting-and-gathering societies, contemporary band societies exist only in:

Since cooking fires had to be fueled with expensive oil made from blubber, Eskimos ate much of their meat raw.

The belief that spirits inhabit all inorganic and organic matter is called dualism.

Australian aborigines relied heavily on the bow and arrow for hunting.

Chiefs of bands are usually males who are elected by majority vote, and who rule, as most chiefs do, by coercion and intimidation.

Since band societies are egalitarian, the leaders of bands:

Marginal environments often sustain hunting and gathering societies where agricultural societies cannot exist because:

What form of reciprocity would you expect to be the LEAST common among !Kung San, Mbuti, and Inuit groups?

Most of the diet of the !Kung San comes from:

Because of the strict marriage and post-marital residence rules found in hunter-gatherer societies, it is very difficult to obtain a divorce.

Introduction to Anthropology

Human Evolution

Culture

The Process of Enculturation: Psychological and Cognitive Anthropology

Language

Anthropological Explanations

Analyzing Sociocultural Systems

Tribes

Chiefdoms

Agricultural States

Industrial States

Globalization, Culture, and Indigenous Societies

Globalization in Latin America, africa, and the Caribbean

Globalization in the Middle East and Asia

Race and Ethnicity

Contemporary Global Trends

Applied Anthropology

Filters