Exam 7: Stuttering and Other Disorders of Fluency

Excessive interruptions of speech increase stuttering.

Researchers are conducting studies to determine genetic factors associated with stuttering.The phenomena which may have led to these studies include

Momentary increases in vocal pitch while repeating or prolonging a sound,syllable or word is a warning sign that a person is stuttering.

Many persons who stutter attempt to reduce its occurrence using one or more avoidance techniques.For example,George uses additional words or rearranges the order of words in a sentence to avoid moments of stuttering.This avoidance technique is referred to as

The speech-language pathologist will screen the speech of all first graders in his two assigned schools.Based on previous research,he may expect to find

Maria is a 20 year-old college student who exhibits moderate stuttering.She has had speech therapy in elementary and high school; still,her stuttering increases when she

Approximately 10% of the population present with a stuttering disorder.

Aristotle was a person who stuttered.

Stuttering is more prevalent among children who are bilingual.

Researchers decide to determine the prevalence of fluency disorders in the states of Maryland,Virginia,North Carolina,South Carolina,and Georgia.Previous studies suggest that researchers are most likely to find that the more frequently occurring cases will be persons with a

Richard and Ryan are 7 year-old twins.They have been referred to the speech-language pathologist for a speech evaluation because of disfluent speech that began around age 3 for both boys.Multiple sound repetitions and prolongations characterize Richard's speech.Before Richard speaks,he often rapidly blinks his eyes and clinches his teeth.He is doing well in school academically,but not socially.Ryan's speech is rapid,dysrhythmic and sometimes unintelligible.Ryan does not demonstrate awareness of his speech disorder,but is struggling academically in school.Just 6 months ago,the boys were in a car accident and suffered minor injury to their face and arms.The speech-language pathologist decides to assess both boys hypothesizing that

Many children exhibit stuttering behaviors during their preschool years.A number of these children become fluent speakers without treatment.Those that do recover from stuttering without treatment will probably do so by the age of

Prolongations longer than one second on 2% or more of words spoken is indicative of a stuttering problem.

Listeners should say the word when a person who stutters seems to 'get stuck.'

Excessive eye blinking while speaking may be an accessory activity of stuttering.

Maria has learned to effectively use several fluency-enhancing techniques.Therefore,when she gives oral presentations in class,she

Elise is a 6 year old who exhibits whole-word and part-word repetitions usually when producing nouns and verbs.These repetitions increase when Elise is excited and she has been heard to refer to herself as a stutterer.Yet,Elise is not concerned about her speech.Elise is demonstrating

Craig is 8 years old and has two older brothers and one younger sister.Craig exhibits stuttering behaviors.His case history probably reveals that

Listeners should say 'slow down' to persons who frequently stutter.