Exam 13: From Emergent Literacy to Literacy: Development and Disorders

Five-year old Joey exhibits several key indicators of emergent literacy development,but not all.His receptive and expressive language skills in the five subsystems of language are intact.He demonstrates phonological awareness,an age-appropriate lexicon and has a sense of story structure,but Joey does not recognize that print is read from left to right,he does not recognize sound-symbol correspondence and when given a pencil,he will scribble,but does not make any recognizable letters or numbers.Joey's area of weakness in literacy development is

Nursery rhymes and finger plays help teach phonological awareness.

To foster interest in reading,help children focus on the entertaining pictures rather than the boring print.

Linda can analyze printed words into sound elements and translate the sounds to their corresponding letters.This skill is referred to as

Preventing literacy problems,identifying and assessing children at risk for reading and writing problems and providing intervention for remediation of literacy-related problems are clinical services offered by speech-language pathologists.

Children are demonstrating 'print awareness' when they recognize that print can be used to tell stories,make lists or write letters.

Most children demonstrate emergent literacy skills by age 5.

Four-year old Amy recognizes rhymes such as "bake-cake" and "cat-hat".This skill demonstrates

Emergent literacy instruction should begin in the first or second grade.

Six-year old James was referred to the speech-language pathologist because of oral language delay and academic failure,especially in reading and writing.The speech-language pathologist knows that there is a relationship between oral language and literacy and recalls that there are several factors contributing to the development of emergent literacy.So in addition to assessing James' language skills,the speech-language pathologist decides to get additional information about James'

There is a reciprocal relationship between oral language and literacy.

The essential elements of literacy include

Vocabulary and knowledge of story structure are critical to literacy development.

To spell,children segment words into syllables and speech sounds and generate the corresponding letter.This skill is referred to as

Children who perform well on phonological awareness tasks will probably struggle with reading and spelling.

Three and a half year-old Julie loves to write.She demonstrates 'invented spelling' which means she attempts to write words using

Children with language disorders will acquire literacy skills if exposure to print through everyday natural experiences occurs frequently.

Children with delayed language development in their preschool years show significantly higher incidence of reading problems than do children without language problems.

Mary can tell you the sound the letter "f" makes.She can also tell you the sounds the letters "b","t" and "k" make.Mary has knowledge of

Justin was overheard telling this story. "I had my birthday party.Then we ate cake,ice cream and pizza.Then I broke the piñata.Then the toys fell out.Then we all got toys and candy.I got two birthday presents." This story is indicative of the story development stage known as