Question 1

Researchers believe that some degree of deception in research is sometimes warranted because

Accepted Answer

A)  without it, participants might not behave naturally 
B)  without it, participants would be less likely to volunteer 
C)  most participants really cannot understand the complexity of research in psychology 
D)  participants expect to be deceived 
A)  without it, participants might not behave naturally 
B)  without it, participants would be less likely to volunteer 
C)  most participants really cannot understand the complexity of research in psychology 
D)  participants expect to be deceived

Question 2

The most recent APA code (2002) includes 5 general principles and 89 standards. The general principles are "aspirational goals." Which of the following is an example of an aspirational goal?

Accepted Answer

A)  concern for the rights and dignity of others 
B)  ethnic quotas for admission to graduate school in psychology 
C)  blind review of research articles (reviewer doesn't know name of article's author) 
D)  the obligation for psychologists to provide some of their services free of charge 
A)  concern for the rights and dignity of others 
B)  ethnic quotas for admission to graduate school in psychology 
C)  blind review of research articles (reviewer doesn't know name of article's author) 
D)  the obligation for psychologists to provide some of their services free of charge

Question 3

All of the following are the kinds of statements that derive from one's system of ethics except

Accepted Answer

A)  I don't think it is appropriate to allow children to watch more than three hours of TV per day 
B)  People should not be allowed to have pets; it's slavery 
C)  I don't think it is appropriate to separate mind from body; the mind is just a looser term for the brain 
D)  If you spare the rod, you will produce an emotionally healthy child 
A)  I don't think it is appropriate to allow children to watch more than three hours of TV per day 
B)  People should not be allowed to have pets; it's slavery 
C)  I don't think it is appropriate to separate mind from body; the mind is just a looser term for the brain 
D)  If you spare the rod, you will produce an emotionally healthy child

Question 4

If a study is planned by a research psychologist but actually carried out by a graduate student, who holds primary responsibility for the "dignity and welfare" of the participants?

Accepted Answer

A)  the graduate student 
B)  the research psychologist 
C)  the Institutional Review Board (i.e., neither the student nor the psychologist) 
D)  the participants themselves (buyer beware) 
A)  the graduate student 
B)  the research psychologist 
C)  the Institutional Review Board (i.e., neither the student nor the psychologist) 
D)  the participants themselves (buyer beware)

Question 5

If there is minimal or no risk to participants, the IRB will

Accepted Answer

A)  not have to consider the case 
B)  typically complete a formal review (just to be sure) 
C)  typically complete an expedited review 
D)  always approve the research 
A)  not have to consider the case 
B)  typically complete a formal review (just to be sure) 
C)  typically complete an expedited review 
D)  always approve the research

Question 6

The late British psychologist Cyril Burt has been suspected of scientific fraud in the reporting of some of the data from his famous twin studies. What does his case illustrate about data falsification?

Accepted Answer

A)  if fraudulent results are virtually the same as legitimate results (other twin studies), the fraud may go undetected 
B)  most scientific fraud can be detected because the results will not be replicated when other scientists study the phenomenon 
C)  scientific fraud is often uncovered during the peer review process for journal publication 
D)  scientific fraud generally happens when researchers become mentally unbalanced 
A)  if fraudulent results are virtually the same as legitimate results (other twin studies), the fraud may go undetected 
B)  most scientific fraud can be detected because the results will not be replicated when other scientists study the phenomenon 
C)  scientific fraud is often uncovered during the peer review process for journal publication 
D)  scientific fraud generally happens when researchers become mentally unbalanced

Question 7

Which of the following is true about the use of animals in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

A)  animals used to be subjects in the majority of psychological research; they are now used in less than 1% of the studies 
B)  animals are no longer used in psychological research 
C)  animals are used in about half of the studies done by research psychologists 
D)  animals are used in about 8% of psychological research 
A)  animals used to be subjects in the majority of psychological research; they are now used in less than 1% of the studies 
B)  animals are no longer used in psychological research 
C)  animals are used in about half of the studies done by research psychologists 
D)  animals are used in about 8% of psychological research

Question 8

What was MK-ULTRA and what were its ethical shortcomings?

Accepted Answer

MK-ULTRA was a top-secret program conduc

Question 9

A study by Gardner compared participants who were fully informed ahead of time about the predicted effects of noise on stress with others who were not informed. What were the results?

Accepted Answer

A)  fully informed subjects were more adversely affected by the noise than uninformed subjects 
B)  uninformed participants were more adversely affected by the noise than those fully informed 
C)  there was no difference between the two types of participants, thereby showing that deception is not needed for that type of research 
D)  there was no difference between the two types of participants, thereby showing that deception is needed for that type of research 
A)  fully informed subjects were more adversely affected by the noise than uninformed subjects 
B)  uninformed participants were more adversely affected by the noise than those fully informed 
C)  there was no difference between the two types of participants, thereby showing that deception is not needed for that type of research 
D)  there was no difference between the two types of participants, thereby showing that deception is needed for that type of research

Question 10

How did Watson and Rayner justify doing the Little Albert study?

Accepted Answer

A)  they knew they would be removing the fear at the end of the study; thus Albert would leave the experiment without the fear 
B)  they had the parents' informed consent and the approval of the IRB 
C)  they thought he was strong and healthy and would not be harmed by the procedure 
D)  none of the above - they gave no thought to the ethical dimensions of their study 
A)  they knew they would be removing the fear at the end of the study; thus Albert would leave the experiment without the fear 
B)  they had the parents' informed consent and the approval of the IRB 
C)  they thought he was strong and healthy and would not be harmed by the procedure 
D)  none of the above - they gave no thought to the ethical dimensions of their study

Question 11

The most recent APA code (2002) includes 5 general principles and 89 standards. One of the general principles obligates researchers to continually weigh the profit and the cost of the research they complete. Which general principle is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  beneficence and nonmaleficence 
B)  integrity 
C)  justice 
D)  fidelity and responsibility 
A)  beneficence and nonmaleficence 
B)  integrity 
C)  justice 
D)  fidelity and responsibility

Question 12

In their visual cliff research, Gibson and Walk studied both children and goats. Why goats?

Accepted Answer

A)  goat and human visual systems are identical 
B)  goats could be placed on the visual cliff while blindfolded; you cannot do that to children 
C)  unlike children, goats can be raised is perceptual isolation 
D)  goats can move through the environment at about the same time as humans 
A)  goat and human visual systems are identical 
B)  goats could be placed on the visual cliff while blindfolded; you cannot do that to children 
C)  unlike children, goats can be raised is perceptual isolation 
D)  goats can move through the environment at about the same time as humans

Question 13

If a researcher is concerned about _______, then the researcher may ask participants to not disclose any information to others until the study is completed.

Accepted Answer

A)  deception 
B)  participant crosstalk 
C)  confidentiality 
D)  desensitizing 
A)  deception 
B)  participant crosstalk 
C)  confidentiality 
D)  desensitizing

Question 14

What does the APA ethics code for animal research have in common with the code for human research?

Accepted Answer

A)  both have a need for informed consent 
B)  both have a need to balance scientific merit and potential harm to subjects 
C)  both have a need to test as few subjects as possible 
D)  both require IRB approval 
A)  both have a need for informed consent 
B)  both have a need to balance scientific merit and potential harm to subjects 
C)  both have a need to test as few subjects as possible 
D)  both require IRB approval

Question 15

Dennis studied a pair of female twins. What was true about his study?

Accepted Answer

A)  he obtained parental consent before testing them 
B)  he was interested in whether environmental deprivation would affect development 
C)  he was able to show that twins have about the same IQ, even if raised in different environments 
D)  it was the first developmental psychology study to use assent in addition to consent 
A)  he obtained parental consent before testing them 
B)  he was interested in whether environmental deprivation would affect development 
C)  he was able to show that twins have about the same IQ, even if raised in different environments 
D)  it was the first developmental psychology study to use assent in addition to consent

Question 16

In the case in which a researcher fabricated data about a treatment for hyperactive children, the fraud was detected because

Accepted Answer

A)  the results never replicated 
B)  it caught the attention of peers during the peer review process; the results were never published 
C)  a colleague suspected that the data were not genuine 
D)  the researcher was overwhelmed with guilt 
A)  the results never replicated 
B)  it caught the attention of peers during the peer review process; the results were never published 
C)  a colleague suspected that the data were not genuine 
D)  the researcher was overwhelmed with guilt

Question 17

Which of the following is true of the Willowbrook hepatitis study?

Accepted Answer

A)  there was a complete absence of informed consent 
B)  the researchers made no attempt to justify the study 
C)  it violated the principle that mentally disabled children should only be studied in research concerning mental disability 
D)  patient confidentiality was violated 
A)  there was a complete absence of informed consent 
B)  the researchers made no attempt to justify the study 
C)  it violated the principle that mentally disabled children should only be studied in research concerning mental disability 
D)  patient confidentiality was violated

Question 18

____________ is the term used to describe that portion of debriefing that is aimed at reducing any stress felt by participants as a result of their participation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________ is the term used to describe...

Question 19

Consider the issue of informed consent and deception. Explain why researchers use deception (use a specific study as an example) and show how researchers conceptualize informed consent in order to make room for deception.

Accepted Answer

Informed consent and deception are two c

Question 20

Animal rights activists argue that instead of using laboratory animals, psychologists should use alternatives. They recommend all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  using nonintrusive observational procedures and study animals in their natural environments 
B)  substituting nonsentient for sentient animals (bugs instead of rats) 
C)  using computer simulations instead of live animals 
D)  using non-primate mammals (e.g., dogs) instead of primates 
A)  using nonintrusive observational procedures and study animals in their natural environments 
B)  substituting nonsentient for sentient animals (bugs instead of rats) 
C)  using computer simulations instead of live animals 
D)  using non-primate mammals (e.g., dogs) instead of primates

Researchers believe that some degree of deception in research is sometimes warranted because

The most recent APA code (2002) includes 5 general principles and 89 standards. The general principles are "aspirational goals." Which of the following is an example of an aspirational goal?

All of the following are the kinds of statements that derive from one's system of ethics except

If a study is planned by a research psychologist but actually carried out by a graduate student, who holds primary responsibility for the "dignity and welfare" of the participants?

If there is minimal or no risk to participants, the IRB will

The late British psychologist Cyril Burt has been suspected of scientific fraud in the reporting of some of the data from his famous twin studies. What does his case illustrate about data falsification?

Which of the following is true about the use of animals in psychological research?

What was MK-ULTRA and what were its ethical shortcomings?

A study by Gardner compared participants who were fully informed ahead of time about the predicted effects of noise on stress with others who were not informed. What were the results?

How did Watson and Rayner justify doing the Little Albert study?

The most recent APA code (2002) includes 5 general principles and 89 standards. One of the general principles obligates researchers to continually weigh the profit and the cost of the research they complete. Which general principle is this?

In their visual cliff research, Gibson and Walk studied both children and goats. Why goats?

If a researcher is concerned about _______, then the researcher may ask participants to not disclose any information to others until the study is completed.

What does the APA ethics code for animal research have in common with the code for human research?

Dennis studied a pair of female twins. What was true about his study?

In the case in which a researcher fabricated data about a treatment for hyperactive children, the fraud was detected because

Which of the following is true of the Willowbrook hepatitis study?

____________ is the term used to describe that portion of debriefing that is aimed at reducing any stress felt by participants as a result of their participation.

Consider the issue of informed consent and deception. Explain why researchers use deception (use a specific study as an example) and show how researchers conceptualize informed consent in order to make room for deception.

Animal rights activists argue that instead of using laboratory animals, psychologists should use alternatives. They recommend all of the following except

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters

Exam 2: Ethics in Psychological Research

Researchers believe that some degree of deception in research is sometimes warranted because

The most recent APA code (2002) includes 5 general principles and 89 standards. The general principles are "aspirational goals." Which of the following is an example of an aspirational goal?

All of the following are the kinds of statements that derive from one's system of ethics except

If a study is planned by a research psychologist but actually carried out by a graduate student, who holds primary responsibility for the "dignity and welfare" of the participants?

If there is minimal or no risk to participants, the IRB will

The late British psychologist Cyril Burt has been suspected of scientific fraud in the reporting of some of the data from his famous twin studies. What does his case illustrate about data falsification?

Which of the following is true about the use of animals in psychological research?

What was MK-ULTRA and what were its ethical shortcomings?

A study by Gardner compared participants who were fully informed ahead of time about the predicted effects of noise on stress with others who were not informed. What were the results?

How did Watson and Rayner justify doing the Little Albert study?

The most recent APA code (2002) includes 5 general principles and 89 standards. One of the general principles obligates researchers to continually weigh the profit and the cost of the research they complete. Which general principle is this?

In their visual cliff research, Gibson and Walk studied both children and goats. Why goats?

If a researcher is concerned about _______, then the researcher may ask participants to not disclose any information to others until the study is completed.

What does the APA ethics code for animal research have in common with the code for human research?

Dennis studied a pair of female twins. What was true about his study?

In the case in which a researcher fabricated data about a treatment for hyperactive children, the fraud was detected because

Which of the following is true of the Willowbrook hepatitis study?

____________ is the term used to describe that portion of debriefing that is aimed at reducing any stress felt by participants as a result of their participation.

Consider the issue of informed consent and deception. Explain why researchers use deception (use a specific study as an example) and show how researchers conceptualize informed consent in order to make room for deception.

Animal rights activists argue that instead of using laboratory animals, psychologists should use alternatives. They recommend all of the following except

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters