Exam 11: Decisions, Judgments, and Reasoning

The psychological distance between small numbers is compressed relative to the psychological difference between large numbers.)

Decisions about size differences are sped up when the stimuli differ by a greater amount.This reflects __________.

Frontal lobe regions are particularly important for reasoning.

Sometimes people make decision-making errors because of limited __________.

Consider this problem.What does it represent?

A heuristic is __________.

When doing counterfactual thinking,what kind of change is the easiest to imagine and then base decisions upon?

The belief that small samples will be representative of the population from which they are selected is __________.

Describe how the owners of a used car lot might try to use some of the heuristics discussed in this chapter to their advantage.

A German sample was better at (correctly)identifying that San Diego was more populous than San Antonio than a U.S.sample.This result is best described as reflecting __________.

In judgments of "bigness," "8 vs.12" will be judged more quickly than "8 vs.9."

The subjective experience of magnitude is a direct function of the amount of physical stimulation.

Which is NOT true of judgments of number magnitude?

When hypothesis testing with increasingly complex if-then relations,the typical mistake is to search for positive,confirming evidence.

What is the difference between an algorithm and a heuristic?

When we alter an unusual story element,substituting a more typical or normal element in its place,we refer to this as reflecting __________.

Two groups of participants read identical stories that differed in their endings: meeting a new person and having the story end in a marriage proposal,a rape scenario,or,as a control,a neutral ending (Carli,1999).People __________.

The difference in "guestimate" answers for 8x7x6x5x4x3x2x1 versus 1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8 reveals __________.