Question 1

An isotope with Z > 83,which lies close to the band of stability,will generally decay through

Accepted Answer

A) ($\alpha$ decay.) 
B) ($\beta$ decay.) 
C) ($\gamma$ decay.) 
D) positron decay. 
E) electron capture. 
A) ($\alpha$ decay.) 
B) ($\beta$ decay.) 
C) ($\gamma$ decay.) 
D) positron decay. 
E) electron capture.

Question 2

Exposure to 10 nCi for 10 minutes is more hazardous for a child than for an adult because

Accepted Answer

A) the child's cells are dividing more rapidly than the adult's and are,therefore,more susceptible to the radiation. 
B) the child's smaller body size makes the effective dose larger for the child than for the adult. 
C) the child's immune system is not developed well enough to resist damage. 
D) the child's skin is not as thick as an adult's and cannot block as much radiation. 
E) None of these reasons is correct. 
A) the child's cells are dividing more rapidly than the adult's and are,therefore,more susceptible to the radiation. 
B) the child's smaller body size makes the effective dose larger for the child than for the adult. 
C) the child's immune system is not developed well enough to resist damage. 
D) the child's skin is not as thick as an adult's and cannot block as much radiation. 
E) None of these reasons is correct.

Question 3

A 30.0-kg child receives 2.65 $\times$ 107 $\beta$ particles,each with an energy of 4.60 $\times$0 10-13 J.If the RBE = 0.78,how many millirem did the child receive?

Accepted Answer

A) 3.2 $\times$ 10-7 
B) 5.2 $\times$ 10-7 
C) 5.2 $\times$ 10-4 
D) 3.2 $\times$ 10-2 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) 3.2 $\times$ 10-7 
B) 5.2 $\times$ 10-7 
C) 5.2 $\times$ 10-4 
D) 3.2 $\times$ 10-2 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 4

Which one of the following equations correctly represents positron decay of  
?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)

Question 5

What is the mechanism by which control rods slow down the fission rate in a nuclear reactor?

Accepted Answer

Control rods absorb neutrons which would

Question 6

The radioisotope  
Will decay through

Accepted Answer

A) ($\alpha$ decay.) 
B) ($\beta$ decay.) 
C) ($\gamma$ decay.) 
D) electron capture. 
E) spontaneous fission. 
A) ($\alpha$ decay.) 
B) ($\beta$ decay.) 
C) ($\gamma$ decay.) 
D) electron capture. 
E) spontaneous fission.

Question 7

Carbon-14 will emit a $\beta$ particle with an energy of 0.1565 MeV.What is this energy in joules?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.0 $\times$ 10-24 J 
B) 2.5 $\times$ 10-20 J 
C) 1.0 $\times$ 10-18 J 
D) 2.5 $\times$ 10-14 J 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) 1.0 $\times$ 10-24 J 
B) 2.5 $\times$ 10-20 J 
C) 1.0 $\times$ 10-18 J 
D) 2.5 $\times$ 10-14 J 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 8

The isotopes of promethium,  
And  
,are unstable,and lie on opposite sides of the "line of stability".Which of the following combinations is most likely to represent the type of decay for these isotopes?

Accepted Answer

A) promethium-144,$\beta$decay;promethium-134,positron decay 
B) promethium-144,positron decay;promethium-134,$\beta$ decay 
C) promethium-144,positron decay;promethium-134,electron capture 
D) promethium-144,electron capture;promethium-134,positron decay 
E) promethium-144,$\beta$decay;promethium-134,$\gamma$ decay 
A) promethium-144,$\beta$decay;promethium-134,positron decay 
B) promethium-144,positron decay;promethium-134,$\beta$ decay 
C) promethium-144,positron decay;promethium-134,electron capture 
D) promethium-144,electron capture;promethium-134,positron decay 
E) promethium-144,$\beta$decay;promethium-134,$\gamma$ decay

Question 9

An 85-kg person exposed to barium-141 receives 2.5 $\times$ 105 $\beta$ particles,each with an energy of 5.2 $\times$ 10-13 J.How many rads does the person receive?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.4 $\times$ 10-20 
B) 1.5 $\times$ 10-7 
C) 1.8 $\times$ 10-16 
D) 6.1 $\times$ 10-15 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) 2.4 $\times$ 10-20 
B) 1.5 $\times$ 10-7 
C) 1.8 $\times$ 10-16 
D) 6.1 $\times$ 10-15 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 10

Which of the following isotopes is most likely to be unstable?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)

Question 11

What is the specific activity (in Ci/g)of an isotope if 3.56 mg emits 4.26 $\times$ 108 $\beta$ particles per second?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.003232 Ci/g 
B) 0.0115 Ci/g 
C) 0.309 Ci/g 
D) 3.23 Ci/g 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) 0.003232 Ci/g 
B) 0.0115 Ci/g 
C) 0.309 Ci/g 
D) 3.23 Ci/g 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 12

Positron decay and electron capture have the same net effect on the Z and N values of a nucleus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Cesium-134 is a $\beta$ emitter with a half-life of 2.0 years.How much of a 2.50-g sample of cesium-134 will remain after 10 years?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.0024 g 
B) 0.078 g 
C) 0.25 g 
D) 0.50 g 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) 0.0024 g 
B) 0.078 g 
C) 0.25 g 
D) 0.50 g 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 14

Most foodstuffs contain natural,radioactive isotopes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A bottle of vintage red wine has lost its label.The concentration of tritium (   
)in the wine is 0.34 times that found in freshly bottled wines.If the half-life of tritium is 12.3 years,estimate the time elapsed since the wine was bottled.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A bottle of vintage red wine has...

Question 16

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)

Question 17

Write a complete,balanced equation to represent the beta decay of thallium-207.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Write a complete,balanced equation to represent the...

Question 18

Calculate to four significant figures
a.the mass defect in kg and
b.the energy released in kJ/mol,when a neutron decays to produce a proton and an electron.The neutron,proton and electron masses are 1.67493 $\times$ 10-27 kg,1.67262 $\times$ 10-27 kg and 9.10939 $\times$ 10-31 kg,respectively.

Accepted Answer

a.1.399 @#LAT-DLM& 10<sup>-30<

Question 19

The isotopes  
And  
Are all stable,while  
Is radioactive.The mode of decay for  
Is most likely to be

Accepted Answer

A) positron decay. 
B) alpha decay. 
C) beta decay. 
D) gamma decay. 
E) fission. 
A) positron decay. 
B) alpha decay. 
C) beta decay. 
D) gamma decay. 
E) fission.

Question 20

It is believed that two carbon-12 nuclei can react in the core of a supergiant star to form sodium-23 and hydrogen-1.Calculate the energy released from this reaction for each mole of hydrogen formed.The masses of carbon-12,sodium-23,and hydrogen-1 are 12.0000 amu,22.989767 amu,and 1.007825,respectively.

Accepted Answer

A) 2.16 $\times$ 1014 kJ 
B) 2.16 $\times$ 1011 kJ 
C) 2.16 $\times$ 108 kJ 
D) 2.16 $\times$ 105 kJ 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) 2.16 $\times$ 1014 kJ 
B) 2.16 $\times$ 1011 kJ 
C) 2.16 $\times$ 108 kJ 
D) 2.16 $\times$ 105 kJ 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Exam 23: Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

An isotope with Z > 83,which lies close to the band of stability,will generally decay through

Exposure to 10 nCi for 10 minutes is more hazardous for a child than for an adult because

A 30.0-kg child receives 2.65 ×\times× 107 β\betaβ particles,each with an energy of 4.60 ×\times× 0 10-13 J.If the RBE = 0.78,how many millirem did the child receive?

Which one of the following equations correctly represents positron decay of ?

What is the mechanism by which control rods slow down the fission rate in a nuclear reactor?

The radioisotope Will decay through

Carbon-14 will emit a β\betaβ particle with an energy of 0.1565 MeV.What is this energy in joules?

The isotopes of promethium, And ,are unstable,and lie on opposite sides of the "line of stability".Which of the following combinations is most likely to represent the type of decay for these isotopes?

An 85-kg person exposed to barium-141 receives 2.5 ×\times× 105 β\betaβ particles,each with an energy of 5.2 ×\times× 10-13 J.How many rads does the person receive?

Which of the following isotopes is most likely to be unstable?

What is the specific activity (in Ci/g)of an isotope if 3.56 mg emits 4.26 ×\times× 108 β\betaβ particles per second?

Positron decay and electron capture have the same net effect on the Z and N values of a nucleus.

Cesium-134 is a β\betaβ emitter with a half-life of 2.0 years.How much of a 2.50-g sample of cesium-134 will remain after 10 years?

Most foodstuffs contain natural,radioactive isotopes.

A bottle of vintage red wine has lost its label.The concentration of tritium ( )in the wine is 0.34 times that found in freshly bottled wines.If the half-life of tritium is 12.3 years,estimate the time elapsed since the wine was bottled.

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

Write a complete,balanced equation to represent the beta decay of thallium-207.

The isotopes And Are all stable,while Is radioactive.The mode of decay for Is most likely to be

Keys to the Study of Chemistry

The Components of Matter

Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Thermochemistry: Energy Flow and Chemical Change

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

Models of Chemical Bonding

The Shapes of Molecules

Theories of Covalent Bonding

Intermolecular Forces: Liquids,solids,and Phase Changes

The Properties of Solutions

The Main-Group Elements: Applying Principles of Bonding and Structure

Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

Kinetics: Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions

Equilibrium: the Extent of Chemical Reactions

Acid-Base Equilibria

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems

Thermodynamics: Entropy, free Energy, and the Direction of Chemical Reactions

Electrochemistry: Chemical Change and Electrical Work

The Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Filters

A 30.0-kg child receives 2.65 $\times$ 10⁷ $\beta$ particles,each with an energy of 4.60 $\times$ 0 10^-13 J.If the RBE = 0.78,how many millirem did the child receive?

Carbon-14 will emit a $\beta$ particle with an energy of 0.1565 MeV.What is this energy in joules?

An 85-kg person exposed to barium-141 receives 2.5 $\times$ 10⁵ $\beta$ particles,each with an energy of 5.2 $\times$ 10^-13 J.How many rads does the person receive?

What is the specific activity (in Ci/g)of an isotope if 3.56 mg emits 4.26 $\times$ 10⁸ $\beta$ particles per second?

Cesium-134 is a $\beta$ emitter with a half-life of 2.0 years.How much of a 2.50-g sample of cesium-134 will remain after 10 years?