Question 1

The phrase "Critical Period" refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the time of the Revolutionary War 
B)  the summer the Constitution was written 
C)  America under the Articles of Confederation 
D)  George Washington's presidency 
E)  the years of tension over British taxes 
A)  the time of the Revolutionary War 
B)  the summer the Constitution was written 
C)  America under the Articles of Confederation 
D)  George Washington's presidency 
E)  the years of tension over British taxes C

Question 2

Discuss the conflict between Federalists and anti-Federalists in the writing and ratification of the Constitution.

Accepted Answer

The conflict between Federalists and anti-Federalists during the writing and ratification of the Constitution was a fundamental disagreement over the role and power of the federal government.

The Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, believed in a strong central government with the power to tax, regulate commerce, and maintain a standing army. They argued that a strong federal government was necessary to maintain order and protect the nation's interests both domestically and internationally. The Federalists also believed that a system of checks and balances, as outlined in the Constitution, would prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful.

On the other hand, the anti-Federalists, led by Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry, were wary of a strong central government and feared that it would infringe upon the rights of the states and the individual. They argued that a strong federal government would lead to tyranny and that power should remain with the states and the people. The anti-Federalists also criticized the lack of a bill of rights in the original Constitution, which they believed was necessary to protect individual liberties.

The conflict between these two groups played out in the debates over the ratification of the Constitution. The Federalists ultimately prevailed, and the Constitution was ratified in 1788. However, in order to secure the support of the anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution in 1791, guaranteeing certain rights and freedoms to the people.

In conclusion, the conflict between Federalists and anti-Federalists during the writing and ratification of the Constitution centered on the balance of power between the federal government and the states, as well as the protection of individual liberties. This conflict ultimately led to the compromise of adding the Bill of Rights to the Constitution, which remains a cornerstone of American democracy.

Question 3

The convention's most gifted political philosopher and the man who emerged as its central figure was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Alexander Hamilton 
B)  George Washington 
C)  Benjamin Franklin 
D)  Patrick Henry 
E)  James Madison 
A)  Alexander Hamilton 
B)  George Washington 
C)  Benjamin Franklin 
D)  Patrick Henry 
E)  James Madison E

Question 4

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
-Thomas Jefferson

Accepted Answer

A) was the oldest member of the Constitutional Convention 
B) issued a neutrality proclamation in 1793 in response to pressure to enter European conflicts 
C) drafted the land ordinance of 1784 
D) diplomat who sought to undermine American policy relative to the French Revolution 
E) briefly represented New York at the Constitutional Convention
F)claimed to "smell a rat" at the Constitutional Convention
G)defined the United States through his tenure as chief justice of the Supreme Court
H)arrived in Philadelphia having spent months preparing for the convention
I)led American troops at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
J)negotiated the extremely popular treaty with Spain 
A) was the oldest member of the Constitutional Convention 
B) issued a neutrality proclamation in 1793 in response to pressure to enter European conflicts 
C) drafted the land ordinance of 1784 
D) diplomat who sought to undermine American policy relative to the French Revolution 
E) briefly represented New York at the Constitutional Convention
F)claimed to "smell a rat" at the Constitutional Convention
G)defined the United States through his tenure as chief justice of the Supreme Court
H)arrived in Philadelphia having spent months preparing for the convention
I)led American troops at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
J)negotiated the extremely popular treaty with Spain

Question 5

Shays's Rebellion was led by:

Accepted Answer

A)  merchants 
B)  factory workers 
C)  bankers 
D)  indebted farmers 
E)  ambitious politicians 
A)  merchants 
B)  factory workers 
C)  bankers 
D)  indebted farmers 
E)  ambitious politicians

Question 6

The Constitution addressed slavery by:

Accepted Answer

A)  referring numerous times to "slaves" or "slavery" 
B)  counting slaves as three fifths of a person for the purposes of apportionment 
C)  requiring that all slaves count toward a state's congressional representation 
D)  making it legal in every state 
E)  requiring that slaves have full legal protections 
A)  referring numerous times to "slaves" or "slavery" 
B)  counting slaves as three fifths of a person for the purposes of apportionment 
C)  requiring that all slaves count toward a state's congressional representation 
D)  making it legal in every state 
E)  requiring that slaves have full legal protections

Question 7

The Bill of Rights did all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  safeguard freedoms such as press, speech, and assembly 
B)  appease some initial critics of the Constitution 
C)  constitute the first ten amendments to the Constitution 
D)  protect against "cruel and unusual" punishment 
E)  settle all questions about federal versus state authority 
A)  safeguard freedoms such as press, speech, and assembly 
B)  appease some initial critics of the Constitution 
C)  constitute the first ten amendments to the Constitution 
D)  protect against "cruel and unusual" punishment 
E)  settle all questions about federal versus state authority

Question 8

Which one of the following gave the Confederation government the most trouble?

Accepted Answer

A)  finances 
B)  Indian affairs 
C)  land policy 
D)  postal service 
E)  immigration policy 
A)  finances 
B)  Indian affairs 
C)  land policy 
D)  postal service 
E)  immigration policy

Question 9

Discuss the background, details, and results of Shays's Rebellion. In what way did the rebellion impact the debate about the type of governmental structure America should adopt for its future?

Accepted Answer

Shays's Rebellion was a significant even

Question 10

Conflicts with Britain and France in the 1790s created a spirit of national unity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
-Benjamin Franklin

Accepted Answer

A) was the oldest member of the Constitutional Convention 
B) issued a neutrality proclamation in 1793 in response to pressure to enter European conflicts 
C) drafted the land ordinance of 1784 
D) diplomat who sought to undermine American policy relative to the French Revolution 
E) briefly represented New York at the Constitutional Convention
F)claimed to "smell a rat" at the Constitutional Convention
G)defined the United States through his tenure as chief justice of the Supreme Court
H)arrived in Philadelphia having spent months preparing for the convention
I)led American troops at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
J)negotiated the extremely popular treaty with Spain 
A) was the oldest member of the Constitutional Convention 
B) issued a neutrality proclamation in 1793 in response to pressure to enter European conflicts 
C) drafted the land ordinance of 1784 
D) diplomat who sought to undermine American policy relative to the French Revolution 
E) briefly represented New York at the Constitutional Convention
F)claimed to "smell a rat" at the Constitutional Convention
G)defined the United States through his tenure as chief justice of the Supreme Court
H)arrived in Philadelphia having spent months preparing for the convention
I)led American troops at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
J)negotiated the extremely popular treaty with Spain

Question 12

The XYZ affair came about as part of the so-called Quasi War with France that Adams inherited
as president.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

It is sometimes assumed that because the Articles of Confederation were weak, they were unpopular. Discuss the merits of this statement.

Accepted Answer

The statement that the Articles of Confe

Question 14

What major compromises were made at the Constitutional Convention, and what issues did they settle? What issues remained unsettled?

Accepted Answer

At the Constitutional Convention, severa

Question 15

In early 1789, the new Congress gathered in the national capital, which was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Philadelphia 
B)  New York City 
C)  Boston 
D)  Washington, D.C. 
E)  Baltimore 
A)  Philadelphia 
B)  New York City 
C)  Boston 
D)  Washington, D.C. 
E)  Baltimore

Question 16

The Sedition Act was aimed primarily at:

Accepted Answer

A)  foreign immigrants 
B)  anti-war Federalists 
C)  Republican newspaper editors 
D)  French spies 
E)  draft-evaders 
A)  foreign immigrants 
B)  anti-war Federalists 
C)  Republican newspaper editors 
D)  French spies 
E)  draft-evaders

Question 17

Who among the following was an anti-Federalist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alexander Hamilton 
B)  John Jay 
C)  George Mason 
D)  James Madison 
E)  George Washington 
A)  Alexander Hamilton 
B)  John Jay 
C)  George Mason 
D)  James Madison 
E)  George Washington

Question 18

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
-Anthony Wayne

Accepted Answer

A) was the oldest member of the Constitutional Convention 
B) issued a neutrality proclamation in 1793 in response to pressure to enter European conflicts 
C) drafted the land ordinance of 1784 
D) diplomat who sought to undermine American policy relative to the French Revolution 
E) briefly represented New York at the Constitutional Convention
F)claimed to "smell a rat" at the Constitutional Convention
G)defined the United States through his tenure as chief justice of the Supreme Court
H)arrived in Philadelphia having spent months preparing for the convention
I)led American troops at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
J)negotiated the extremely popular treaty with Spain 
A) was the oldest member of the Constitutional Convention 
B) issued a neutrality proclamation in 1793 in response to pressure to enter European conflicts 
C) drafted the land ordinance of 1784 
D) diplomat who sought to undermine American policy relative to the French Revolution 
E) briefly represented New York at the Constitutional Convention
F)claimed to "smell a rat" at the Constitutional Convention
G)defined the United States through his tenure as chief justice of the Supreme Court
H)arrived in Philadelphia having spent months preparing for the convention
I)led American troops at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
J)negotiated the extremely popular treaty with Spain

Question 19

Opposition to Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey was strongest among:

Accepted Answer

A)  merchants 
B)  Federalists 
C)  veterans 
D)  frontier farmers 
E)  churchgoers 
A)  merchants 
B)  Federalists 
C)  veterans 
D)  frontier farmers 
E)  churchgoers

Question 20

Jefferson's election in 1800:

Accepted Answer

A)  continued the Federalist domination of the U.S. government 
B)  had to be settled by the House of Representatives 
C)  was assured when Aaron Burr agreed to withdraw as a candidate for president 
D)  was assured when George Washington announced his support of Jefferson just three weeks before the election 
E)  ended party divisions 
A)  continued the Federalist domination of the U.S. government 
B)  had to be settled by the House of Representatives 
C)  was assured when Aaron Burr agreed to withdraw as a candidate for president 
D)  was assured when George Washington announced his support of Jefferson just three weeks before the election 
E)  ended party divisions

Exam 6: Strengthening the New Nation

The phrase "Critical Period" refers to:

Discuss the conflict between Federalists and anti-Federalists in the writing and ratification of the Constitution.

The convention's most gifted political philosopher and the man who emerged as its central figure was:

MATCHING Match each description with the item below. -Thomas Jefferson

Shays's Rebellion was led by:

The Constitution addressed slavery by:

The Bill of Rights did all of the following EXCEPT:

Which one of the following gave the Confederation government the most trouble?

Discuss the background, details, and results of Shays's Rebellion. In what way did the rebellion impact the debate about the type of governmental structure America should adopt for its future?

Conflicts with Britain and France in the 1790s created a spirit of national unity.

MATCHING Match each description with the item below. -Benjamin Franklin

The XYZ affair came about as part of the so-called Quasi War with France that Adams inherited as president.

It is sometimes assumed that because the Articles of Confederation were weak, they were unpopular. Discuss the merits of this statement.

What major compromises were made at the Constitutional Convention, and what issues did they settle? What issues remained unsettled?

In early 1789, the new Congress gathered in the national capital, which was:

The Sedition Act was aimed primarily at:

Who among the following was an anti-Federalist?

MATCHING Match each description with the item below. -Anthony Wayne

Opposition to Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey was strongest among:

Jefferson's election in 1800:

The Collision of Cultures

England’s Colonies

Colonial Ways of Life

From Colonies to States

The American Revolution, 1776-1783

The Early Republic, 1800-1815

The Emergence of a Market Economy, 1815-1850

Nationalism and Sectionalism, 1815-1828

The Jacksonian Era, 1828-1840

The South, Slavery, and King Cotton, 1800-1860

Religion, Romanticism, and Reform, 1800-1860

Western Expansion, 1830-1848

The Gathering Storm, 1848-1860

The War of the Union, 1861-1865

The Era of Reconstruction 1865-1877

Business and Labor in the Industrial Era, 1860-1900

The New South and the New West, 1865-1900

Political Stalemate and Rural Revolt, 1865-1900

Seizing an American Empire, 1865-1913

The Progressive Era, 1890-1920

America and the Great War, 1914-1920

A Clash of Cultures, 1920-1929

The Reactionary Twenties

The Great Depression, 1929-1939

The Second World War, 1933-1945

The Cold War and the Fair Deal, 1945-1952

Cold War America, 1950-1959

A New Frontier and a Great Society, 1960-1968

Rebellion and Reaction, 1960s and 1970s

Conservative Revival, 1977-1990

Twenty-first-century America, 1993-present

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