Question 1

Acute consequences of diabetes mellitus:

Accepted Answer

A)  include changes in thirst and urine production 
B)  include changes in blood vessel structure 
C)  include changes in nervous system structure 
D)  include changes associated with metabolic dysfunction 
E)  only two of the above 
A)  include changes in thirst and urine production 
B)  include changes in blood vessel structure 
C)  include changes in nervous system structure 
D)  include changes associated with metabolic dysfunction 
E)  only two of the above

Question 2

MATCHING
Indicate the source of each of the hormones by writing the appropriate letter in the blank.
-tetraiodothyronine

Accepted Answer

A) alpha cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas 
B) beta cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas 
C) anterior pituitary 
D) hypothalamus 
E) adrenal cortex
F)adrenal medulla
G)parathyroid gland
H)thyroid gland
I)skin 
A) alpha cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas 
B) beta cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas 
C) anterior pituitary 
D) hypothalamus 
E) adrenal cortex
F)adrenal medulla
G)parathyroid gland
H)thyroid gland
I)skin

Question 3

Osteoblasts communicate to osteoclasts via osteoprotegerin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the ____________________, which secretes hormones belonging to the chemical class of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

adrenal me

Question 5

The accompanying figure relates to the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The basic steps in the reflex are labeled in the diagram 1-8b. Match the steps with the descriptions using the key below.
-Tg made in ER-Golgi transported to colloid

Accepted Answer

A) Step 1 
B) Step 2 
C) Step 3 
D) Step 4a 
E) Sep 4b
F)Step 5a
G)Step 5b
H)Step 6
I)Step 7
J)Step 8a
K)Step 8b 
A) Step 1 
B) Step 2 
C) Step 3 
D) Step 4a 
E) Sep 4b
F)Step 5a
G)Step 5b
H)Step 6
I)Step 7
J)Step 8a
K)Step 8b

Question 6

Calcium is very important to the normal functioning of the body, so it is very important that the plasma Ca²+ concentration be well regulated. In which of the following ways does calcium play an important role?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium plays an important role in the absorption of Vitamin D from the digestive tract. 
B)  calcium is important for maintaining the proper excitability of nerves and muscles. 
C)  calcium stimulates osteoblasts to lay down bone. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  calcium plays an important role in the absorption of Vitamin D from the digestive tract. 
B)  calcium is important for maintaining the proper excitability of nerves and muscles. 
C)  calcium stimulates osteoblasts to lay down bone. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 7

Which of the following is a treatment for Type I but not Type II diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A)  diet control 
B)  weight control 
C)  oral medications to lower blood glucose 
D)  insulin therapy 
E)  all of the above work on both conditions 
A)  diet control 
B)  weight control 
C)  oral medications to lower blood glucose 
D)  insulin therapy 
E)  all of the above work on both conditions

Question 8

Match each characteristic with the pathology. Answers may be used more than once.
-most common form is Grave's disease

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperthyroidism 
B) Hypothyroidism 
C) Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism 
D) Neither 
A) Hyperthyroidism 
B) Hypothyroidism 
C) Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism 
D) Neither

Question 9

Which of the following has a direct anatomical connection to the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal gland 
B)  posterior lobe of the pituitary 
C)  thyroid gland 
D)  parathyroid gland 
E)  none of these answers. 
A)  adrenal gland 
B)  posterior lobe of the pituitary 
C)  thyroid gland 
D)  parathyroid gland 
E)  none of these answers.

Question 10

Match hormone with correct characteristic
-Is secreted by pancreatic alpha cells.

Accepted Answer

A) ACTH 
B) aldosterone 
C) calcitonin 
D) cortisol 
E) DHEA
F)epinephrine
G)glucagon
H)insulin
I)parathyroid hormone
J)thyroid hormone
K)vitamin D 
A) ACTH 
B) aldosterone 
C) calcitonin 
D) cortisol 
E) DHEA
F)epinephrine
G)glucagon
H)insulin
I)parathyroid hormone
J)thyroid hormone
K)vitamin D

Question 11

Which biochemical event does not take place within during thyroid hormone synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  one monoiodotyrosine molecule combines with one diiodotyrosine molecule to form one triiodothyronine molecule. 
B)  two iodine molecules combine with one tyrosine molecule to form one diiodotyrosine molecule. 
C)  two diiodotyrosine molecules combine to form one molecule of thyroxine. 
D)  four iodine molecules combine with one tyrosine molecule to form one tetraiodothyronine molecule. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  one monoiodotyrosine molecule combines with one diiodotyrosine molecule to form one triiodothyronine molecule. 
B)  two iodine molecules combine with one tyrosine molecule to form one diiodotyrosine molecule. 
C)  two diiodotyrosine molecules combine to form one molecule of thyroxine. 
D)  four iodine molecules combine with one tyrosine molecule to form one tetraiodothyronine molecule. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 12

A portal system exists between the

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. 
B)  hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. 
C)  hypothalamus and posterior pituitary. 
D)  large intestine and small intestine. 
E)  large intestine and stomach. 
A)  adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. 
B)  hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. 
C)  hypothalamus and posterior pituitary. 
D)  large intestine and small intestine. 
E)  large intestine and stomach.

Question 13

Match hormone with correct characteristic
-Lack of this hormone leads to myxedema.

Accepted Answer

A) ACTH 
B) aldosterone 
C) calcitonin 
D) cortisol 
E) DHEA
F)epinephrine
G)glucagon
H)insulin
I)parathyroid hormone
J)thyroid hormone
K)vitamin D 
A) ACTH 
B) aldosterone 
C) calcitonin 
D) cortisol 
E) DHEA
F)epinephrine
G)glucagon
H)insulin
I)parathyroid hormone
J)thyroid hormone
K)vitamin D

Question 14

Elevated blood amino acid levels stimulate the secretion of both insulin and glucagon even though they exert opposite effects on blood amino acid concentration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

Accepted Answer

A)  carries anterior pituitary hormones from the anterior pituitary gland to the hypothalamus to regulate the release of hypophysiotropic hormones. 
B)  diverts blood directly to the pituitary, completely bypassing the hypothalamus. 
C)  carries hypophysiotropic hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary to regulate anterior pituitary hormone secretion. 
D)  carries the anterior pituitary hormones into the general systemic circulation. 
E)  connects the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary. 
A)  carries anterior pituitary hormones from the anterior pituitary gland to the hypothalamus to regulate the release of hypophysiotropic hormones. 
B)  diverts blood directly to the pituitary, completely bypassing the hypothalamus. 
C)  carries hypophysiotropic hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary to regulate anterior pituitary hormone secretion. 
D)  carries the anterior pituitary hormones into the general systemic circulation. 
E)  connects the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary.

Question 16

Match hormone with correct characteristic
-Hormone on the list that shows little physiological action.

Accepted Answer

A) ACTH 
B) aldosterone 
C) calcitonin 
D) cortisol 
E) DHEA
F)epinephrine
G)glucagon
H)insulin
I)parathyroid hormone
J)thyroid hormone
K)vitamin D 
A) ACTH 
B) aldosterone 
C) calcitonin 
D) cortisol 
E) DHEA
F)epinephrine
G)glucagon
H)insulin
I)parathyroid hormone
J)thyroid hormone
K)vitamin D

Question 17

Melanocyte-stimulating hormones are

Accepted Answer

A)  secreted by the intermediate lobe of the pituitary in some lower vertebrates. 
B)  known to cause skin darkening in certain lower vertebrates. 
C)  believed to be responsible for the tanning phenomenon in humans. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  secreted by the intermediate lobe of the pituitary in some lower vertebrates. 
B)  known to cause skin darkening in certain lower vertebrates. 
C)  believed to be responsible for the tanning phenomenon in humans. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 18

Indicate which gland is associated with the following characteristics.
-increases blood calcium levels

Accepted Answer

A) adrenal cortex 
B) adrenal medulla 
C) thyroid 
D) parathyroid 
E) pancreas
F)melatonin 
A) adrenal cortex 
B) adrenal medulla 
C) thyroid 
D) parathyroid 
E) pancreas
F)melatonin

Question 19

This large precursor molecule can be cleaved into ACTH, MSH and endorphins.

Accepted Answer

A)  PSH 
B)  CRH 
C)  POMC 
D)  ACTHMSH 
E)  IGF-1 
A)  PSH 
B)  CRH 
C)  POMC 
D)  ACTHMSH 
E)  IGF-1

Question 20

More than one answer may apply.
-PTH contributes to its regulation.

Accepted Answer

A) Ca2+ homeostasis 
B) Ca2+ balance 
A) Ca2+ homeostasis 
B) Ca2+ balance

Acute consequences of diabetes mellitus:

MATCHING Indicate the source of each of the hormones by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -tetraiodothyronine

Osteoblasts communicate to osteoclasts via osteoprotegerin.

The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the , which secretes hormones belonging to the chemical class of .

The accompanying figure relates to the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The basic steps in the reflex are labeled in the diagram 1-8b. Match the steps with the descriptions using the key below. -Tg made in ER-Golgi transported to colloid

Calcium is very important to the normal functioning of the body, so it is very important that the plasma Ca²⁺ concentration be well regulated. In which of the following ways does calcium play an important role?

Which of the following is a treatment for Type I but not Type II diabetes mellitus?

Match each characteristic with the pathology. Answers may be used more than once. -most common form is Grave's disease

Which of the following has a direct anatomical connection to the hypothalamus?

Match hormone with correct characteristic -Is secreted by pancreatic alpha cells.

Which biochemical event does not take place within during thyroid hormone synthesis?

A portal system exists between the

Match hormone with correct characteristic -Lack of this hormone leads to myxedema.

Elevated blood amino acid levels stimulate the secretion of both insulin and glucagon even though they exert opposite effects on blood amino acid concentration.

The hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

Match hormone with correct characteristic -Hormone on the list that shows little physiological action.

Melanocyte-stimulating hormones are

Indicate which gland is associated with the following characteristics. -increases blood calcium levels

This large precursor molecule can be cleaved into ACTH, MSH and endorphins.

More than one answer may apply. -PTH contributes to its regulation.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 17: The Endocrine System

Acute consequences of diabetes mellitus:

MATCHING Indicate the source of each of the hormones by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -tetraiodothyronine

Osteoblasts communicate to osteoclasts via osteoprotegerin.

The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the ____________________, which secretes hormones belonging to the chemical class of ____________________.

The accompanying figure relates to the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The basic steps in the reflex are labeled in the diagram 1-8b. Match the steps with the descriptions using the key below. -Tg made in ER-Golgi transported to colloid

Calcium is very important to the normal functioning of the body, so it is very important that the plasma Ca²+ concentration be well regulated. In which of the following ways does calcium play an important role?

Which of the following is a treatment for Type I but not Type II diabetes mellitus?

Match each characteristic with the pathology. Answers may be used more than once. -most common form is Grave's disease

Which of the following has a direct anatomical connection to the hypothalamus?

Match hormone with correct characteristic -Is secreted by pancreatic alpha cells.

Which biochemical event does not take place within during thyroid hormone synthesis?

A portal system exists between the

Match hormone with correct characteristic -Lack of this hormone leads to myxedema.

Elevated blood amino acid levels stimulate the secretion of both insulin and glucagon even though they exert opposite effects on blood amino acid concentration.

The hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

Match hormone with correct characteristic -Hormone on the list that shows little physiological action.

Melanocyte-stimulating hormones are

Indicate which gland is associated with the following characteristics. -increases blood calcium levels

This large precursor molecule can be cleaved into ACTH, MSH and endorphins.

More than one answer may apply. -PTH contributes to its regulation.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the , which secretes hormones belonging to the chemical class of .

Calcium is very important to the normal functioning of the body, so it is very important that the plasma Ca²⁺ concentration be well regulated. In which of the following ways does calcium play an important role?