Question 1

When is a correlation negative?

Accepted Answer

A)  When an incremental increase in one variable produces an incremental decrease in a second variable 
B)  When the variables are not related 
C)  When an incremental increase in one variable produces an incremental increase in the second variable 
D)  None of the above are correct 
A)  When an incremental increase in one variable produces an incremental decrease in a second variable 
B)  When the variables are not related 
C)  When an incremental increase in one variable produces an incremental increase in the second variable 
D)  None of the above are correct

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT part considered part of proper ethical research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conducting research with many participants so that none are identified individually 
B)  Obtaining informed consent 
C)  Not coercing the participant to participate 
D)  Giving the participant full information from which to make a decision to participate in the research 
A)  Conducting research with many participants so that none are identified individually 
B)  Obtaining informed consent 
C)  Not coercing the participant to participate 
D)  Giving the participant full information from which to make a decision to participate in the research

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of treatment outcome research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Examining the changes in serotonin levels from taking Prozac 
B)  Determining whether the active ingredients in a medication actually have any impact on the function of the brain 
C)  Exploring the parts of cognitive-behavioral therapy homework that are most difficult for patients to perform 
D)  Examining the impact of Prozac on depression 
A)  Examining the changes in serotonin levels from taking Prozac 
B)  Determining whether the active ingredients in a medication actually have any impact on the function of the brain 
C)  Exploring the parts of cognitive-behavioral therapy homework that are most difficult for patients to perform 
D)  Examining the impact of Prozac on depression

Question 4

While trying to discover the nature of the relationship between stress and blood pressure, a researcher asks participants to complete a difficult task. The researcher monitors the participants' blood pressure, while some are exposed to noisy distractions and others stay in a quiet environment. This type of research study is a(n) ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational study 
B)  experiment 
C)  analog study 
D)  placebo control study 
A)  correlational study 
B)  experiment 
C)  analog study 
D)  placebo control study

Question 5

The correlation between the amount of time a college student studies and the student's height in inches is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  zero 
D)  causal 
A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  zero 
D)  causal

Question 6

The basic components of informed consent are

Accepted Answer

A)  competence, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension. 
B)  volunteerism and comprehension. 
C)  competence, volunteerism, comprehension, and knowledge of results. 
D)  anonymity, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension. 
A)  competence, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension. 
B)  volunteerism and comprehension. 
C)  competence, volunteerism, comprehension, and knowledge of results. 
D)  anonymity, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension.

Question 7

Age and experience are confounded while using the cross-sectional design. This means that it cannot be determined if

Accepted Answer

A)  findings for cohort groups are due to their similar experiences or similar age. 
B)  findings are due to the fact that age and life experience tend to be correlated. 
C)  differences across groups are due to differences in assignment to the treatment conditions. 
D)  differences across groups are due to age, experience, or the experimental manipulation. 
A)  findings for cohort groups are due to their similar experiences or similar age. 
B)  findings are due to the fact that age and life experience tend to be correlated. 
C)  differences across groups are due to differences in assignment to the treatment conditions. 
D)  differences across groups are due to age, experience, or the experimental manipulation.

Question 8

Brown and Finn (1982) found that attitudes regarding alcohol were somewhat different for 12-year-olds, 15-year- olds, and 17-year-olds. All measures were taken during the same year from children of different ages. This type of research is an example of the research method called .

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  experimental 
D)  case-study 
A)  longitudinal 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  experimental 
D)  case-study

Question 9

A genotype is defined as an individual's

Accepted Answer

A)  unique genetic makeup. 
B)  recessive genes. 
C)  hidden characteristics. 
D)  observable features and behavior. 
A)  unique genetic makeup. 
B)  recessive genes. 
C)  hidden characteristics. 
D)  observable features and behavior.

Question 10

Internal validity is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the extent to which the results of a study can be explained by the dependent variable. 
B)  the degree to which the hypothesis is supported by the study. 
C)  the overall quality of the research. 
D)  the extent to which the results in a study can be explained by the independent variable. 
A)  the extent to which the results of a study can be explained by the dependent variable. 
B)  the degree to which the hypothesis is supported by the study. 
C)  the overall quality of the research. 
D)  the extent to which the results in a study can be explained by the independent variable.

Question 11

One important difference between a typical case study and the single-case experiment is that the single-case experiment attempts to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the number of confounding variables. 
B)  improve external validity. 
C)  improve internal validity. 
D)  utilize a single strategy to reduce confounds. 
A)  increase the number of confounding variables. 
B)  improve external validity. 
C)  improve internal validity. 
D)  utilize a single strategy to reduce confounds.

Question 12

The purpose of a control group in experimental research is to

Accepted Answer

A)  control for the expectation of some research subjects that they will improve just because they are in a research study. 
B)  determine whether a treatment or independent variable actually influenced change in the independent variable. 
C)  determine statistical significance. 
D)  control the dependent variable. 
A)  control for the expectation of some research subjects that they will improve just because they are in a research study. 
B)  determine whether a treatment or independent variable actually influenced change in the independent variable. 
C)  determine statistical significance. 
D)  control the dependent variable.

Question 13

Any factor in a research study that makes the results uninterpretable is called a(n) .

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable 
B)  confound 
C)  dependent variable 
D)  confluence 
A)  independent variable 
B)  confound 
C)  dependent variable 
D)  confluence

Question 14

At this point, we know much more about the psychological disorders. of psychological disorders than the of

Accepted Answer

A)  genotype; phenotype 
B)  phenotype; genotype 
C)  behavioral causes; social influences 
D)  social influences; behavioral causes 
A)  genotype; phenotype 
B)  phenotype; genotype 
C)  behavioral causes; social influences 
D)  social influences; behavioral causes

Question 15

Analogue models are useful when:

Accepted Answer

A)  there are too many potential confounds outside of the laboratory. 
B)  there is a need to tightly control for internal validity. 
C)  it is not reasonable/practical to study the phenomenon outside of the laboratory. 
D)  all of the above are correct. 
A)  there are too many potential confounds outside of the laboratory. 
B)  there is a need to tightly control for internal validity. 
C)  it is not reasonable/practical to study the phenomenon outside of the laboratory. 
D)  all of the above are correct.

Question 16

Epidemiology is the study of

Accepted Answer

A)  the effectiveness of the correlational model in determining cause. 
B)  research methods. 
C)  various forms of therapy. 
D)  incidence, distribution, and consequences of a problem in a population. 
A)  the effectiveness of the correlational model in determining cause. 
B)  research methods. 
C)  various forms of therapy. 
D)  incidence, distribution, and consequences of a problem in a population.

Question 17

Which of the following are potential problems when conducting cross-cultural research in the area of psychopathology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Different cultures may describe or experience similar psychological sensations in very different ways 
B)  The level of "abnormality" that is considered acceptable may differ greatly across cultures 
C)  Treatment models developed in one culture may be unacceptable according to another culture's customs and values 
D)  All of these 
A)  Different cultures may describe or experience similar psychological sensations in very different ways 
B)  The level of "abnormality" that is considered acceptable may differ greatly across cultures 
C)  Treatment models developed in one culture may be unacceptable according to another culture's customs and values 
D)  All of these

Question 18

An advantage of the multiple baseline design in evaluating treatments is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it enables a clinician to see predictable and orderly changes related to where and when treatment is used. 
B)  it does not require withdrawal of treatment. 
C)  it resembles the way treatment would naturally be implemented. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  it enables a clinician to see predictable and orderly changes related to where and when treatment is used. 
B)  it does not require withdrawal of treatment. 
C)  it resembles the way treatment would naturally be implemented. 
D)  all of the above

When is a correlation negative?

Which of the following is NOT part considered part of proper ethical research?

Which of the following is an example of treatment outcome research?

The correlation between the amount of time a college student studies and the student's height in inches is ________.

The basic components of informed consent are

Age and experience are confounded while using the cross-sectional design. This means that it cannot be determined if

Brown and Finn (1982) found that attitudes regarding alcohol were somewhat different for 12-year-olds, 15-year- olds, and 17-year-olds. All measures were taken during the same year from children of different ages. This type of research is an example of the research method called .

A genotype is defined as an individual's

Internal validity is defined as

One important difference between a typical case study and the single-case experiment is that the single-case experiment attempts to

The purpose of a control group in experimental research is to

Any factor in a research study that makes the results uninterpretable is called a(n) .

At this point, we know much more about the psychological disorders. of psychological disorders than the of

Analogue models are useful when:

Epidemiology is the study of

Which of the following are potential problems when conducting cross-cultural research in the area of psychopathology?

An advantage of the multiple baseline design in evaluating treatments is that

Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context

An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Anxiety, Trauma and Stressor-Related, and Obsessive-Compulsive

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

Physical Disorders and Health Psychology

Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders and Gender Dysphoria

Substance-Related, Addictive, and Impulse-Control Disorders

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurocognitive Disorders

Mental Health Services

Filters

Exam 4: Research Methods

When is a correlation negative?

Which of the following is NOT part considered part of proper ethical research?

Which of the following is an example of treatment outcome research?

The correlation between the amount of time a college student studies and the student's height in inches is ________.

The basic components of informed consent are

Age and experience are confounded while using the cross-sectional design. This means that it cannot be determined if

Brown and Finn (1982) found that attitudes regarding alcohol were somewhat different for 12-year-olds, 15-year- olds, and 17-year-olds. All measures were taken during the same year from children of different ages. This type of research is an example of the research method called .

A genotype is defined as an individual's

Internal validity is defined as

One important difference between a typical case study and the single-case experiment is that the single-case experiment attempts to

The purpose of a control group in experimental research is to

Any factor in a research study that makes the results uninterpretable is called a(n) .

At this point, we know much more about the psychological disorders. of psychological disorders than the of

Analogue models are useful when:

Epidemiology is the study of

Which of the following are potential problems when conducting cross-cultural research in the area of psychopathology?

An advantage of the multiple baseline design in evaluating treatments is that

Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context

An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Anxiety, Trauma and Stressor-Related, and Obsessive-Compulsive

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

Physical Disorders and Health Psychology

Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders and Gender Dysphoria

Substance-Related, Addictive, and Impulse-Control Disorders

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurocognitive Disorders

Mental Health Services

Filters