Exam 4: Research Methods

Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to _____________.

Describe the procedures of the cross-sectional and longitudinal research methods. What are the uses and limitations of each of these methods?

The Surgeon General gathered data that demonstrated the more people smoked, the more likely they were to develop lung cancer, heart disease, and other dangerous illnesses. This data demonstrates

In cross-cultural research, the independent or treatment variable is generally the .

If you observe that umbrellas cause rain since they always occur together, you may be confusing

Of the following, researchers use to attempt to control for the phenomenon called the "allegiance Effect," which occurs when experimenter bias influences research outcomes.

Which of the following is NOT a component of withdrawal designs?

An important advantage of the multiple baseline design over the withdrawal design for evaluating treatments is that multiple baseline

A researcher studying a family with a history of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) records data for each person in the family with OCD and for those who have been diagnosed with OCD in the past. The researcher is particularly interested in determining if family members who now have OCD or who were previously diagnosed share any other inherited characteristics. The researcher is conducting a(n) .

The dependent variable in a research study is the variable that

Use of a cross-sectional design would be appropriate in trying to find an answer to all of the following questions EXCEPT:

Randomization is used to assign research participants to groups in order to

The function of replication in research is to

The basis of an experiment is

While studying the impact of nutrition on intelligence, a researcher has one group of rats on a vitamin-rich diet and the other group eating Big Macs. While observing the rats run a complicated maze, the researcher notes that the vitamin-enhanced rats' maze is more brightly lit than the Big Mac rats' maze. The difference in lighting in this study is a(n) _________.

Institutional review boards are typically made up of

Given what we know about the effects of genes and the environment, which of the following pairs of children would be expected to be most similar in terms of overall personality, psychological disorders, and intelligence?

When studying family functioning, it has been observed that marital discord often increases as child behavior problems increase in the family. Using the correlational model,

One of the major problems with the case study method is that it is too easy to make false conclusions based on

Single-case experimental designs are sometimes criticized because they tend to