Exam 2: Where Do Theories Come From

During participant observation, the researcher's primary role becomes that of a member of the group he or she is observing.

Which of the following is not a critical ethical issue for criminal justice researchers?

The Golden Age of __________ was a time when data on crime were gathered and evaluated independent of any particular ideational framework

Which is the only data-gathering technique that does not produce new data?

__________ treats numbers as having intrinsic scientific value.

The statement "Providing more educational opportunities to lower-income individuals will reduce crime" is a hypothesis.

Which of the following statements is an example of a theory?

Which of the following is not a use of theory in social scientific thinking?

Findings from qualitative studies are expressed numerically.

The ideas of armchair criminologists achieve acclaim in all but which of the following ways?

A rehabilitation program is tested in a California medium security prison and found to be effective. The researchers want to know if the program will be effective in maximum security prisons in Texas. This is a question of external validity.

What are some of the values and ethics that criminologists must consider when conducting research? How are they addressed?

The statement, "Breaking the cycle of poverty will reduce crime" is an example of a(n)

Rival explanations or competing hypotheses are known as __________.

Problem identification often includes some basic statistical analyses.