Exam 2: Where Do Theories Come From

Place the steps in the theory-building process in the proper order 1. The Hypothesis is Tested a Step 1 2. A Cortelation is Observed b. Step 2 3. A Mheory is Proposed c. Step 3 4. Theary-Based Understarding is Achieved d. Step 4 5. Questions are Raised about Causes e. Step 5 6. A Mheory-Based Hypothesis is Developed f. Step 6 7. Theary-Based Social Policies Result g. Step 7

Evidence-based criminology is founded upon which research method?

A meta-analysis is a study of other studies.

Identify the threats with the type of validity they threaten 1. Pretest effects a. Intermal validity 2. History b. Extermal validity 3. Reactivity 4. Self-selection 5. Maturation 6. Irstrumentation 7. Experimenter bias 8.Multiple-treatrnentiriterference 9. Statistical repression 10. Experimental mortality

________ such as researcher preconceptions and biases enter into all stages of the research process.

A(n) _________ involves reviewing the results of other studies on a specific topic.

A(n) __________ is a series of interrelated propositions which attempt to describe, explain, predict, and ultimately control some class of events.

_______ research is undertaken simply for the sake of advancing scientific knowledge.

After the results of a large research study on police procedures were publicized, the researchers were interested in determining whether the study had affected police policy. The researcher telephoned a large number of big-city police departments and asked a number of questions about department policies and procedures. This is an example of which data-gathering strategy?

A(n) _______ research design is particularly useful when some aspects of the social setting are beyond the control of the researcher.

journals use peer reviewers to determine the quality of manuscripts submitted to them

It is not necessary for a researcher to present research limitations in the final research report.

If you conduct applied research, you are not expecting your results to have any immediate, practical application.

__________ are techniques that produce measurable results which can be analyzed statistically.

Gathering facts is sufficient to offer a satisfactory explanation of crime.

Politicians frequently consult with criminologist when developing new crime legislation.

_________ research methods produce subjective results.

After research into the effectiveness of Project D.A.R.E. found that the program was ineffective, publication of the research results was blocked. A representative of the National Institute of Justice stated that they did not agree with one of the study's major findings. What ethical issue applies here?

Properly selected control groups help criminology researchers eliminate threats to __________.

In a research report, the ________ is a brief summation of the findings of the report.