Question 1

Oceans are about four times as deep as mountains are high. At the bottom of the ocean are

Accepted Answer

A) towering mountains, deep valleys, and deep trenches near the continental borders. 
B) thick layers of basaltic crust at midocean ridges that gradually thins near deep ocean trenches. 
C) towering plutonic mountains created from volcanoes and fissures at oceanic ridge areas. 
D) all of these 
A) towering mountains, deep valleys, and deep trenches near the continental borders. 
B) thick layers of basaltic crust at midocean ridges that gradually thins near deep ocean trenches. 
C) towering plutonic mountains created from volcanoes and fissures at oceanic ridge areas. 
D) all of these

Question 2

The fastest seismic wave is a

Accepted Answer

A) Primary wave. 
B) Secondary wave. 
C) Tertiary wave. 
D) Rayleigh wave. 
A) Primary wave. 
B) Secondary wave. 
C) Tertiary wave. 
D) Rayleigh wave.

Question 3

Evidence to support that the inner core is solid and the outer core is liquid comes from

Accepted Answer

A) refraction of seismic waves as they encounter different mediums. 
B) the wave shadow effect of P- and S-waves as they encounter the solid and liquid core. 
C) the wave shadow effect of P- and S-waves, and the increase in velocity of P-waves as they encounter the solid inner core. 
D) the inner core is not solid, but is liquid. 
A) refraction of seismic waves as they encounter different mediums. 
B) the wave shadow effect of P- and S-waves as they encounter the solid and liquid core. 
C) the wave shadow effect of P- and S-waves, and the increase in velocity of P-waves as they encounter the solid inner core. 
D) the inner core is not solid, but is liquid.

Question 4

Mountains tend to form in long narrow ranges because

Accepted Answer

A) of plate convergence-plates coming together. 
B) pluton formation tends to develop in an elongate pattern rather than a bubble-like pattern. 
C) of plate divergence-plates squeezing together. 
D) they form next to oceanic boundaries. 
A) of plate convergence-plates coming together. 
B) pluton formation tends to develop in an elongate pattern rather than a bubble-like pattern. 
C) of plate divergence-plates squeezing together. 
D) they form next to oceanic boundaries.

Question 5

Earthquakes are caused by the

Accepted Answer

A) friction between diverging plates. 
B) sudden release of energy that is stored elastically in deforming rocks. 
C) expansion of Earth's crust. 
D) combined motion of tectonic plates. 
A) friction between diverging plates. 
B) sudden release of energy that is stored elastically in deforming rocks. 
C) expansion of Earth's crust. 
D) combined motion of tectonic plates.

Question 6

According to plate tectonic theory, the San Andreas fault is a

Accepted Answer

A) convergence zone. 
B) divergence zone. 
C) subduction zone. 
D) transform fault. 
A) convergence zone. 
B) divergence zone. 
C) subduction zone. 
D) transform fault.

Question 7

The crustal surface varies in

Accepted Answer

A) composition, density, and thickness. 
B) isostasy, density, and rock competence. 
C) thickness-the oceanic crust is thinner than the continental crust. 
D) density-the oceanic crust is heavier than the continental crust. 
A) composition, density, and thickness. 
B) isostasy, density, and rock competence. 
C) thickness-the oceanic crust is thinner than the continental crust. 
D) density-the oceanic crust is heavier than the continental crust.

Question 8

P-waves travel faster through the inner core than the outer core because the inner core is

Accepted Answer

A) hotter than the outer core. 
B) the same as the outer core. 
C) rock. 
D) solid. 
A) hotter than the outer core. 
B) the same as the outer core. 
C) rock. 
D) solid.

Question 9

The mantle is composed of

Accepted Answer

A) iron and nickel. 
B) iron-rich silicate rocks. 
C) half liquid and half rocky material. 
D) solid rock. 
A) iron and nickel. 
B) iron-rich silicate rocks. 
C) half liquid and half rocky material. 
D) solid rock.

Question 10

In a folded sequence of rocks we find older rocks at the axis of the fold and younger rocks away from the fold axis. The fold is

Accepted Answer

A) called a syncline. 
B) called an anticline. 
C) plunging. 
D) tilted. 
A) called a syncline. 
B) called an anticline. 
C) plunging. 
D) tilted.

Question 11

Which seismic waves produce a wave shadow?

Accepted Answer

A) P-waves. 
B) Love waves. 
C) S-waves. 
D) P- and S- waves 
A) P-waves. 
B) Love waves. 
C) S-waves. 
D) P- and S- waves

Question 12

Isostasy is

Accepted Answer

A) crustal equilibrium relative to the mantle. 
B) the buoyant force exerted on the mantle by oceanic crust. 
C) the buoyant force exerted on the mantle by continental crust. 
D) crustal equilibrium relative to Earth's surface. 
A) crustal equilibrium relative to the mantle. 
B) the buoyant force exerted on the mantle by oceanic crust. 
C) the buoyant force exerted on the mantle by continental crust. 
D) crustal equilibrium relative to Earth's surface.

Question 13

Two boundaries associated with seafloor spreading centers are

Accepted Answer

A) convergent boundaries and transform fault boundaries. 
B) divergent boundaries and transform fault boundaries. 
C) oceanic-oceanic boundaries and divergent boundaries. 
D) divergent boundaries and convergent boundaries. 
A) convergent boundaries and transform fault boundaries. 
B) divergent boundaries and transform fault boundaries. 
C) oceanic-oceanic boundaries and divergent boundaries. 
D) divergent boundaries and convergent boundaries.

Question 14

Earth's core is probably composed of

Accepted Answer

A) silicate minerals. 
B) aluminum oxides. 
C) an iron-nickel alloy. 
D) calcium magnesium sulfate. 
A) silicate minerals. 
B) aluminum oxides. 
C) an iron-nickel alloy. 
D) calcium magnesium sulfate.

Question 15

Why is it that the most ancient rocks are found on the continents, and not on the ocean floor?

Accepted Answer

The ocean floors are sites of crustal fo

Question 16

Lithospheric plates move in response to

Accepted Answer

A) convection in Earth's interior. 
B) upper mantle convection cells. 
C) gravity and heat flow in the mantle. 
D) convection cells generated by gravity and heat flow in the mantle. 
A) convection in Earth's interior. 
B) upper mantle convection cells. 
C) gravity and heat flow in the mantle. 
D) convection cells generated by gravity and heat flow in the mantle.

Question 17

Earthquake activity is associated with

Accepted Answer

A) divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. 
B) convergent and transform plate boundaries. 
C) divergent and convergent boundaries. 
D) transform plate boundaries. 
A) divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. 
B) convergent and transform plate boundaries. 
C) divergent and convergent boundaries. 
D) transform plate boundaries.

Question 18

The lithosphere rides on top of the asthenosphere. Lithospheric movement causes

Accepted Answer

A) earthquakes, volcanic activity, and mountain building activity. 
B) the subduction of continental crust under oceanic crust. 
C) hot-spot activity as found in Hawaii. 
D) widespread destruction. 
A) earthquakes, volcanic activity, and mountain building activity. 
B) the subduction of continental crust under oceanic crust. 
C) hot-spot activity as found in Hawaii. 
D) widespread destruction.

Question 19

The Richter scale measures an earthquake's

Accepted Answer

A) frequency. 
B) magnitude. 
C) damage. 
D) all of the above. 
A) frequency. 
B) magnitude. 
C) damage. 
D) all of the above.

Question 20

As hot mantle rock rises, it expands. As it expands it cools. This cooler rock is

Accepted Answer

A) less dense so it keeps rising to form underwater volcanoes. 
B) more dense so it sinks. This contributes to the heat flow convection process. 
C) ocean crust. 
D) unstable and explodes in a volcano. 
A) less dense so it keeps rising to form underwater volcanoes. 
B) more dense so it sinks. This contributes to the heat flow convection process. 
C) ocean crust. 
D) unstable and explodes in a volcano.

Exam 21: Plate Tectonics and Earths Interior

Oceans are about four times as deep as mountains are high. At the bottom of the ocean are

The fastest seismic wave is a

Evidence to support that the inner core is solid and the outer core is liquid comes from

Mountains tend to form in long narrow ranges because

Earthquakes are caused by the

According to plate tectonic theory, the San Andreas fault is a

The crustal surface varies in

P-waves travel faster through the inner core than the outer core because the inner core is

The mantle is composed of

In a folded sequence of rocks we find older rocks at the axis of the fold and younger rocks away from the fold axis. The fold is

Which seismic waves produce a wave shadow?

Isostasy is

Two boundaries associated with seafloor spreading centers are

Earth's core is probably composed of

Why is it that the most ancient rocks are found on the continents, and not on the ocean floor?

Lithospheric plates move in response to

Earthquake activity is associated with

The lithosphere rides on top of the asthenosphere. Lithospheric movement causes

The Richter scale measures an earthquake's

As hot mantle rock rises, it expands. As it expands it cools. This cooler rock is

Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium

Newtons Laws of Motion

Momentum and Energy

Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites

Fluid Mechanics

Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Heat Transfer and Change of Phase

Static and Current Electricity

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Waves and Sound

Light

Atoms and the Periodic Table

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity

Elements of Chemistry

How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract

Mixtures

How Chemicals React

Two Classes of Chemical Reactions

Organic Compounds

Rocks and Minerals

Shaping Earths Surface

Geologic Timereading the Rock Record

The Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climatic Effects

Driving Forces of Weather

The Solar System

Stars and Galaxies

The Structure of Space and Time

Prologue: the Nature of Science

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