Question 1

The most serious disadvantage of the case study method,because of internal validity issues,is the

Accepted Answer

A)  possible problem of generalizing from a single individual. 
B)  limitation of information based on self-reports. 
C)  difficulty of making causal inferences regarding the effect of treatment. 
D)  possible problem of observer bias affecting the interpretation of the outcome. 
A)  possible problem of generalizing from a single individual. 
B)  limitation of information based on self-reports. 
C)  difficulty of making causal inferences regarding the effect of treatment. 
D)  possible problem of observer bias affecting the interpretation of the outcome.

Question 2

When an intervention in a single-case design is expected to have an effect in the same direction as a baseline trend (either positive or negative),the researcher should

Accepted Answer

A)  provide other evidence showing an effect of the treatment that flattens the baseline. 
B)  use additional means of evaluation such as asking for subjective evaluations from others familiar with the individual or comparing the individual's behavior to what is considered "normal." 
C)  provide other evidence showing an effect of the treatment that causes the baseline to change direction at least twice. 
D)  use graphical analysis to prove that the change from the baseline trend is a "marked" change in the behavioral record. 
A)  provide other evidence showing an effect of the treatment that flattens the baseline. 
B)  use additional means of evaluation such as asking for subjective evaluations from others familiar with the individual or comparing the individual's behavior to what is considered "normal." 
C)  provide other evidence showing an effect of the treatment that causes the baseline to change direction at least twice. 
D)  use graphical analysis to prove that the change from the baseline trend is a "marked" change in the behavioral record.

Question 3

A clinical psychologist wants to test a treatment to reduce the self-injury behavior of an autistic child.She faces an ethical dilemma of needing to remove a potentially beneficial treatment to establish its effectiveness.In order to conduct an experiment that would allow causal inferences but also eliminate her ethical dilemma,the psychologist should conduct

Accepted Answer

A)  a multiple-baselines design. 
B)  a case study. 
C)  an ABAB design. 
D)  a longitudinal design. 
A)  a multiple-baselines design. 
B)  a case study. 
C)  an ABAB design. 
D)  a longitudinal design.

Question 4

A cognitive psychologist did an intensive descriptive study of a person who had suffered an unusual brain injury.Which of the following methods did the psychologist most likely use?

Accepted Answer

A)  baseline method 
B)  case study method 
C)  idiogram method 
D)  unipolar method 
A)  baseline method 
B)  case study method 
C)  idiogram method 
D)  unipolar method

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relative advantages of single-case experimental designs as compared to multiple-group designs in clinical research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethical problems arising from withholding a potentially beneficial treatment are less likely to arise in single-case designs than in multiple-group designs. 
B)  Single-case designs are especially useful when research is directed toward changing the behavior of large groups of individuals. 
C)  Multiple-group designs are more effective when an investigator in clinical research can gain access to only a small number of clients with a particular disorder. 
D)  Single-case designs are effective in identifying what treatments "in general" should be applied to modify behavior, but it is not possible to specify what effect the treatment will have on any specific individual. 
A)  Ethical problems arising from withholding a potentially beneficial treatment are less likely to arise in single-case designs than in multiple-group designs. 
B)  Single-case designs are especially useful when research is directed toward changing the behavior of large groups of individuals. 
C)  Multiple-group designs are more effective when an investigator in clinical research can gain access to only a small number of clients with a particular disorder. 
D)  Single-case designs are effective in identifying what treatments "in general" should be applied to modify behavior, but it is not possible to specify what effect the treatment will have on any specific individual.

Question 6

A frequent criticism of single-case designs is that the external validity of these designs is limited.Which of the following is not an argument against this criticism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Single-case designs can be done with small groups of individuals rather than with a single individual. 
B)  Multiple-baseline designs across subjects can demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention for several individuals. 
C)  Single-case designs allow for successive administrations of the same intervention to the same person. 
D)  Interventions in single-case designs are often ones that produce dramatic and sizable changes in behavior. 
A)  Single-case designs can be done with small groups of individuals rather than with a single individual. 
B)  Multiple-baseline designs across subjects can demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention for several individuals. 
C)  Single-case designs allow for successive administrations of the same intervention to the same person. 
D)  Interventions in single-case designs are often ones that produce dramatic and sizable changes in behavior.

Question 7

Suppose the following data were observed for an individual who sought treatment for kleptomania.Using a single-case experiment,the psychologist used "covert sensitization" to treat the stealing behavior across a number of different situations (e.g.,stealing at the grocery store,drug store,discount store).Covert sensitization was applied systematically to each situation.The psychologist concluded that the treatment was very effective for reducing kleptomania.
As shown in the following graphs,an initial baseline period was conducted for each of three situations.The session in which covert sensitization was implemented is indicated with each situation (session 3,6,or 9).The dependent variable is the number of shoplifted items.       What type of research design was used in this study? [Be specific.]

Accepted Answer

The psychologist use

Question 8

The first stage of a single-case experiment is the baseline stage.The baseline stage provides information about

Accepted Answer

A)  personality characteristics of the participant. 
B)  what behavior would be like if the treatment were not provided. 
C)  the effectiveness of the treatment in the experiment. 
D)  the likelihood that the participant will be receptive to the treatment. 
A)  personality characteristics of the participant. 
B)  what behavior would be like if the treatment were not provided. 
C)  the effectiveness of the treatment in the experiment. 
D)  the likelihood that the participant will be receptive to the treatment.

Question 9

A researcher administers a treatment to four children in succession and monitors whether each child's behavior changes with the onset of the treatment.The researcher is using

Accepted Answer

A)  an ABAB design. 
B)  a multiple-baseline design. 
C)  a case study. 
D)  a successive independent samples design. 
A)  an ABAB design. 
B)  a multiple-baseline design. 
C)  a case study. 
D)  a successive independent samples design.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a source of bias in case studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  testing clinical innovations 
B)  socially desirable responses in a client's report of his or her behaviors 
C)  distortions in the client's memory for past events 
D)  inaccuracies in the therapist's observations of the client's behavior 
A)  testing clinical innovations 
B)  socially desirable responses in a client's report of his or her behaviors 
C)  distortions in the client's memory for past events 
D)  inaccuracies in the therapist's observations of the client's behavior

The most serious disadvantage of the case study method,because of internal validity issues,is the

When an intervention in a single-case design is expected to have an effect in the same direction as a baseline trend (either positive or negative),the researcher should

A cognitive psychologist did an intensive descriptive study of a person who had suffered an unusual brain injury.Which of the following methods did the psychologist most likely use?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relative advantages of single-case experimental designs as compared to multiple-group designs in clinical research?

A frequent criticism of single-case designs is that the external validity of these designs is limited.Which of the following is not an argument against this criticism?

The first stage of a single-case experiment is the baseline stage.The baseline stage provides information about

A researcher administers a treatment to four children in succession and monitors whether each child's behavior changes with the onset of the treatment.The researcher is using

Which of the following is not a source of bias in case studies?

Introduction

The Scientific Method

Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Psychological Research

Observation

Survey Research

Independent Groups Designs

Repeated Measures Designs

Complex Designs

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Program Evaluation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part Idescribing Data, confidence Intervals, correlation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part Iitests of Statistical Significance and the Analysis Story

Communication in Psychology

Filters

Exam 9: Single-Case Research Designs

The most serious disadvantage of the case study method,because of internal validity issues,is the

When an intervention in a single-case design is expected to have an effect in the same direction as a baseline trend (either positive or negative),the researcher should

A cognitive psychologist did an intensive descriptive study of a person who had suffered an unusual brain injury.Which of the following methods did the psychologist most likely use?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relative advantages of single-case experimental designs as compared to multiple-group designs in clinical research?

A frequent criticism of single-case designs is that the external validity of these designs is limited.Which of the following is not an argument against this criticism?

The first stage of a single-case experiment is the baseline stage.The baseline stage provides information about

A researcher administers a treatment to four children in succession and monitors whether each child's behavior changes with the onset of the treatment.The researcher is using

Which of the following is not a source of bias in case studies?

Introduction

The Scientific Method

Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Psychological Research

Observation

Survey Research

Independent Groups Designs

Repeated Measures Designs

Complex Designs

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Program Evaluation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part Idescribing Data, confidence Intervals, correlation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part Iitests of Statistical Significance and the Analysis Story

Communication in Psychology

Filters