Question 1

In the nomothetic approach to the study of psychology,researchers generally conduct

Accepted Answer

A)  intensive studies of an individual to describe the way people behave in general. 
B)  intensive studies of an individual to describe the unique aspects of individuals. 
C)  studies of many individuals and use their average behavior to describe the unique aspects of individuals. 
D)  studies of many individuals and use their average behavior to describe how people behave in general. 
A)  intensive studies of an individual to describe the way people behave in general. 
B)  intensive studies of an individual to describe the unique aspects of individuals. 
C)  studies of many individuals and use their average behavior to describe the unique aspects of individuals. 
D)  studies of many individuals and use their average behavior to describe how people behave in general. D

Question 2

Idiographic research,as represented by the case study method,has the potential to reveal

Accepted Answer

A)  causal mechanisms underlying behavior. 
B)  contradictory effects in well-controlled treatment studies. 
C)  nuances and subtleties of individual behavior. 
D)  definitive evidence for the effectiveness of a particular treatment. 
A)  causal mechanisms underlying behavior. 
B)  contradictory effects in well-controlled treatment studies. 
C)  nuances and subtleties of individual behavior. 
D)  definitive evidence for the effectiveness of a particular treatment. C

Question 3

Problems in the interpretation of the results of a multiple-baselines design can arise when

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in performance appear in one of the baselines after an experimental intervention. 
B)  changes in performance appear in one of the baselines before an experimental intervention. 
C)  changes in performance appear in the treatment stage simultaneously with an experimental intervention. 
D)  changes in performance appear in the treatment stage after an experimental intervention. 
A)  changes in performance appear in one of the baselines after an experimental intervention. 
B)  changes in performance appear in one of the baselines before an experimental intervention. 
C)  changes in performance appear in the treatment stage simultaneously with an experimental intervention. 
D)  changes in performance appear in the treatment stage after an experimental intervention. B

Question 4

A serious problem of interpretation can arise in the ABAB design when

Accepted Answer

A)  performance in the second baseline period does not reverse, that is, return to the level in the initial baseline period. 
B)  performance in the initial baseline period is too high or too low. 
C)  performance in the second baseline period is worse than it was in the initial baseline period. 
D)  performance improves to the same degree in both intervention periods. 
A)  performance in the second baseline period does not reverse, that is, return to the level in the initial baseline period. 
B)  performance in the initial baseline period is too high or too low. 
C)  performance in the second baseline period is worse than it was in the initial baseline period. 
D)  performance improves to the same degree in both intervention periods.

Question 5

An effective treatment is identified in an ABAB (reversal)design when

Accepted Answer

A)  behavior after the intervention is at the same level as the baseline in both the first and second AB stages. 
B)  behavior after the intervention is different from the baseline in the first AB stage, but not in the second AB stage. 
C)  behavior after the intervention is different from the baseline in the second AB stage, but not in the first AB stage. 
D)  behavior after the intervention is different from the baseline in both the first and the second AB stages. 
A)  behavior after the intervention is at the same level as the baseline in both the first and second AB stages. 
B)  behavior after the intervention is different from the baseline in the first AB stage, but not in the second AB stage. 
C)  behavior after the intervention is different from the baseline in the second AB stage, but not in the first AB stage. 
D)  behavior after the intervention is different from the baseline in both the first and the second AB stages.

Question 6

In a single-case experiment to treat a young girl's selective mutism (refusal to speak),treatment was applied at a restaurant,an office building,and when playing with peers.This represents

Accepted Answer

A)  an ABABAB design. 
B)  a case study. 
C)  a multiple-baseline design across behaviors. 
D)  a multiple-baseline design across situations. 
A)  an ABABAB design. 
B)  a case study. 
C)  a multiple-baseline design across behaviors. 
D)  a multiple-baseline design across situations.

Question 7

The application of single-case experimental designs to socially relevant problems has its origin in

Accepted Answer

A)  the study of children who have been severely neglected. 
B)  neuropsychology and the examination of individuals with rare brain disorders. 
C)  behaviorism and the experimental analysis of behavior. 
D)  psychoanalytic theory and intensive psychoanalysis of individuals. 
A)  the study of children who have been severely neglected. 
B)  neuropsychology and the examination of individuals with rare brain disorders. 
C)  behaviorism and the experimental analysis of behavior. 
D)  psychoanalytic theory and intensive psychoanalysis of individuals.

Question 8

An extensive case study of an individual's visual system reveals several important findings.The ability of the researcher to generalize these findings to other individuals can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  impossible-the findings cannot be generalized because a case study was used. 
B)  not limited at all because the visual system of all organisms is the same. 
C)  somewhat limited because people's visual systems are likely to vary somewhat. 
D)  very limited because people's visual systems vary so greatly. 
A)  impossible-the findings cannot be generalized because a case study was used. 
B)  not limited at all because the visual system of all organisms is the same. 
C)  somewhat limited because people's visual systems are likely to vary somewhat. 
D)  very limited because people's visual systems vary so greatly.

Question 9

In a multiple-baseline design,the target behavior should change

Accepted Answer

A)  just before the onset of the treatment. 
B)  long before the onset of the treatment. 
C)  just after the onset of the treatment. 
D)  long after the onset of the treatment. 
A)  just before the onset of the treatment. 
B)  long before the onset of the treatment. 
C)  just after the onset of the treatment. 
D)  long after the onset of the treatment.

Question 10

If the treatment is responsible for changing behavior in a multiple-baseline design across individuals,then an effect in the behavioral record will be seen

Accepted Answer

A)  at the same time for every individual. 
B)  immediately after the time when each individual's baseline stabilizes. 
C)  just before the application of the treatment in each individual. 
D)  immediately after the application of the treatment in each individual. 
A)  at the same time for every individual. 
B)  immediately after the time when each individual's baseline stabilizes. 
C)  just before the application of the treatment in each individual. 
D)  immediately after the application of the treatment in each individual.

Question 11

In the multiple-baseline design across individuals,the treatment is administered

Accepted Answer

A)  many times to each individual. 
B)  successively to one individual at a time. 
C)  during the common baseline period for all individuals. 
D)  to all individuals in the study at the same time. 
A)  many times to each individual. 
B)  successively to one individual at a time. 
C)  during the common baseline period for all individuals. 
D)  to all individuals in the study at the same time.

Question 12

Describe an advantage and a disadvantage of single-case experimental designs relative to multiple-groups designs.

Accepted Answer

The advantages of single-case experiment

Question 13

A woman sought treatment for her symptoms of depression and anxiety.The psychologist,after checking his references for the best treatment given her symptoms,began twice-a-week cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy.By the end of eight weeks,she reported that she was much better,and had only occasional symptoms of depression and anxiety,which she considered to be normal.The psychologist wrote a report describing the results of his study,stating that her improvement offers conclusive support for the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Do you think the psychologist's conclusions are correct? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

There are two important reasons to suspe

Question 14

Case studies have been used successfully to study individuals with brain disorders and individuals with exceptional memory abilities.These studies illustrate the use of the case study method to

Accepted Answer

A)  apply the nomothetic approach. 
B)  test a clinical innovation. 
C)  provide conclusive evidence for a particular theory. 
D)  study rare phenomena. 
A)  apply the nomothetic approach. 
B)  test a clinical innovation. 
C)  provide conclusive evidence for a particular theory. 
D)  study rare phenomena.

Question 15

Describe the common features that are present in both ABAB and multiple-baseline experimental designs.

Accepted Answer

There are three stages in both the ABAB

Question 16

The relationship of the case study method to other research methods of investigation can best be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  very similar to experimental approaches. 
B)  antagonistic to more controlled methods. 
C)  interrelated with and complementary to other methods. 
D)  most related to research methods for confirmatory studies. 
A)  very similar to experimental approaches. 
B)  antagonistic to more controlled methods. 
C)  interrelated with and complementary to other methods. 
D)  most related to research methods for confirmatory studies.

Question 17

Single-case experiments differ from the case study method in that single-case experiments

Accepted Answer

A)  rely more heavily on introspective reports by participants. 
B)  allow the simultaneous manipulation of several independent variables. 
C)  provide a more flexible alternative to the more highly controlled case study method. 
D)  systematically contrast conditions within an individual whose behavior is being continuously monitored. 
A)  rely more heavily on introspective reports by participants. 
B)  allow the simultaneous manipulation of several independent variables. 
C)  provide a more flexible alternative to the more highly controlled case study method. 
D)  systematically contrast conditions within an individual whose behavior is being continuously monitored.

Question 18

What two methodological problems dealing with the measurement of baselines apply to all single-case experimental designs?

Accepted Answer

The two methodological problems associat

Question 19

Identify two advantages and two disadvantages of the case study method.

Accepted Answer

The cited advantages could be any two of

Question 20

Which of the following is an advantage of the case study method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Case studies are a source of ideas and hypotheses about behavior. 
B)  Case studies are a source of definitive evidence in support of theoretical assumptions. 
C)  Case studies provide cause-and-effect inferences for clinical treatments. 
D)  Case studies complement the idiographic study of behavior. 
A)  Case studies are a source of ideas and hypotheses about behavior. 
B)  Case studies are a source of definitive evidence in support of theoretical assumptions. 
C)  Case studies provide cause-and-effect inferences for clinical treatments. 
D)  Case studies complement the idiographic study of behavior.

In the nomothetic approach to the study of psychology,researchers generally conduct

Idiographic research,as represented by the case study method,has the potential to reveal

Problems in the interpretation of the results of a multiple-baselines design can arise when

A serious problem of interpretation can arise in the ABAB design when

An effective treatment is identified in an ABAB (reversal)design when

In a single-case experiment to treat a young girl's selective mutism (refusal to speak),treatment was applied at a restaurant,an office building,and when playing with peers.This represents

The application of single-case experimental designs to socially relevant problems has its origin in

An extensive case study of an individual's visual system reveals several important findings.The ability of the researcher to generalize these findings to other individuals can be described as

In a multiple-baseline design,the target behavior should change

If the treatment is responsible for changing behavior in a multiple-baseline design across individuals,then an effect in the behavioral record will be seen

In the multiple-baseline design across individuals,the treatment is administered

Describe an advantage and a disadvantage of single-case experimental designs relative to multiple-groups designs.

Case studies have been used successfully to study individuals with brain disorders and individuals with exceptional memory abilities.These studies illustrate the use of the case study method to

Describe the common features that are present in both ABAB and multiple-baseline experimental designs.

The relationship of the case study method to other research methods of investigation can best be described as

Single-case experiments differ from the case study method in that single-case experiments

What two methodological problems dealing with the measurement of baselines apply to all single-case experimental designs?

Identify two advantages and two disadvantages of the case study method.

Which of the following is an advantage of the case study method?

Introduction

The Scientific Method

Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Psychological Research

Observation

Survey Research

Independent Groups Designs

Repeated Measures Designs

Complex Designs

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Program Evaluation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part Idescribing Data, confidence Intervals, correlation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part Iitests of Statistical Significance and the Analysis Story

Communication in Psychology

Filters

Exam 9: Single-Case Research Designs

In the nomothetic approach to the study of psychology,researchers generally conduct

Idiographic research,as represented by the case study method,has the potential to reveal

Problems in the interpretation of the results of a multiple-baselines design can arise when

A serious problem of interpretation can arise in the ABAB design when

An effective treatment is identified in an ABAB (reversal)design when

In a single-case experiment to treat a young girl's selective mutism (refusal to speak),treatment was applied at a restaurant,an office building,and when playing with peers.This represents

The application of single-case experimental designs to socially relevant problems has its origin in

An extensive case study of an individual's visual system reveals several important findings.The ability of the researcher to generalize these findings to other individuals can be described as

In a multiple-baseline design,the target behavior should change

If the treatment is responsible for changing behavior in a multiple-baseline design across individuals,then an effect in the behavioral record will be seen

In the multiple-baseline design across individuals,the treatment is administered

Describe an advantage and a disadvantage of single-case experimental designs relative to multiple-groups designs.

Case studies have been used successfully to study individuals with brain disorders and individuals with exceptional memory abilities.These studies illustrate the use of the case study method to

Describe the common features that are present in both ABAB and multiple-baseline experimental designs.

The relationship of the case study method to other research methods of investigation can best be described as

Single-case experiments differ from the case study method in that single-case experiments

What two methodological problems dealing with the measurement of baselines apply to all single-case experimental designs?

Identify two advantages and two disadvantages of the case study method.

Which of the following is an advantage of the case study method?

Introduction

The Scientific Method

Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Psychological Research

Observation

Survey Research

Independent Groups Designs

Repeated Measures Designs

Complex Designs

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Program Evaluation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part Idescribing Data, confidence Intervals, correlation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part Iitests of Statistical Significance and the Analysis Story

Communication in Psychology

Filters