Exam 13: Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

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In most bacteria that utilize glucose, what molecule both aids in transport of glucose into the cell and is phosphorylating agent for conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 21

Besides two molecules of pyruvate, what are the net products of glycolysis?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 22

Provide the missing names or structures for the following scheme of the fermentation of pyruvate

(Essay)

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Question 23

When lipid biosynthesis is active using carbohydrates as a source of carbon, three things are needed: NADPH, ATP and acetyl-CoA (from pyruvate). Which of the following best explains the operation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)under such conditions? G6P = glucose-6-phosphate, F6P = fructose-6-phosphate, G3P = glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 24

The oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway has _ oxidation reactions, effectively oxidizing an _ to ______.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 25

Which of the following is the fate of pyruvate in a blood cell?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 26

Besides its role in glycogen synthesis, which of the following directly relies on UDP-glucose?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 27

When glucagon binds to its receptor on a liver cell, which of the following sequence of events occurs to activate protein kinase A?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 28

Assuming that gluconeogenesis was active in a mammalian liver, under what conditions would PEPCK have more activity in the mitochondria than in the cytosol?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 29

The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to pyruvate and ATP occurs in two distinct steps, first the transfer of the phosphate from PEP to ADP, then the conversion of enolpyruvate to pyruvate. Which of the following describes the reversibility of this process?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 30

Which of the following activators is correctly paired with the glycolytic or gluconeogenic enzyme that it activates?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 31

Which of the following enzymes is used by the gluconeogenic pathway but not the glycolytic pathway?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 32

What sequence of enzymes allows for the synthesis of glycogen from glucose-6-phosphate?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 33

The reaction catalyzed by triose phosphate isomerase is most similar in mechanism to which of the following glycolytic enzymes?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 34

Which enzyme catalyzes the primary regulation site of glycolysis?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 35

During aerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is most likely oxidized to while in anaerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is converted to _.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 36

In the vertebrate liver, which major regulatory point is bypassed during fructose metabolism, often leading to conversion of excess fructose into fat?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 37

If a residue of glucose in glycogen is removed from the glycogen molecule and then allowed to proceed through glycolysis to pyruvate, what is the net production of ATP?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 38

What is the link between glutathione and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 39

Which of the following intermediates is a feed-forward activator of pyruvate kinase?

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Question 40

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Exam 13: Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

In most bacteria that utilize glucose, what molecule both aids in transport of glucose into the cell and is phosphorylating agent for conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?

Besides two molecules of pyruvate, what are the net products of glycolysis?

Provide the missing names or structures for the following scheme of the fermentation of pyruvate

The oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway has _____ oxidation reactions, effectively oxidizing an ___________ to ____________.

Which of the following is the fate of pyruvate in a blood cell?

Besides its role in glycogen synthesis, which of the following directly relies on UDP-glucose?

When glucagon binds to its receptor on a liver cell, which of the following sequence of events occurs to activate protein kinase A?

Assuming that gluconeogenesis was active in a mammalian liver, under what conditions would PEPCK have more activity in the mitochondria than in the cytosol?

The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to pyruvate and ATP occurs in two distinct steps, first the transfer of the phosphate from PEP to ADP, then the conversion of enolpyruvate to pyruvate. Which of the following describes the reversibility of this process?

Which of the following activators is correctly paired with the glycolytic or gluconeogenic enzyme that it activates?

Which of the following enzymes is used by the gluconeogenic pathway but not the glycolytic pathway?

What sequence of enzymes allows for the synthesis of glycogen from glucose-6-phosphate?

The reaction catalyzed by triose phosphate isomerase is most similar in mechanism to which of the following glycolytic enzymes?

Which enzyme catalyzes the primary regulation site of glycolysis?

During aerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is most likely oxidized to ________ while in anaerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is converted to _________.

In the vertebrate liver, which major regulatory point is bypassed during fructose metabolism, often leading to conversion of excess fructose into fat?

If a residue of glucose in glycogen is removed from the glycogen molecule and then allowed to proceed through glycolysis to pyruvate, what is the net production of ATP?

What is the link between glutathione and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)?

Which of the following intermediates is a feed-forward activator of pyruvate kinase?

The Scope of Biochemistry

The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment

The Energetics of Life

Nucleic Acids

Introduction to Proteins: the Primary Level of Protein Structure

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function and Evolution

Contractile Proteins and Molecular Motors

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Saccharides, Glycans

Lipids, Membranes and Cellular Transport

Enzymes: Biological Catalysts

Chemical Logic of Metabolism

Citric Acid Cycle and Glyoxylate Cycle

Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Oxygen Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism I: Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols, and Lipoproteins

Interorgan and Intracellular Coordination of Energy Metabolism in Vertebrates

Lipid Metabolism Ii: Membrane Lipids, Steroids, Isoprenoids, and Eicosanoids

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds I: Principles of Biosynthesis, Utilization, and Turnover

Metabolism of Nitogenous Compounds II: Amino Acids, Porphyrins, and Neurotransmitters

Nucleotide Metabolism

Mechanisms of Signal Transduction

Genes, Genomes and Chromosomes

DNA Replication

DNA Restructuring: Repair, Recombination, Rearrangement, Amplification

Information Readout: Transcription and Post-Transcriptional Processing

Information Decoding: Translation and Post-Translational Protein Processing

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

The oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway has _ oxidation reactions, effectively oxidizing an _ to ______.

During aerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is most likely oxidized to while in anaerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is converted to _.