Question 1

Which of the following standards is typically applied when judging the truthfulness of the responses people make to survey questions?

Accepted Answer

A) generally accept people's responses as truthful unless there is reason to do otherwise 
B) generally be skeptical of people's responses as probably not truthful and statistically adjust the responses 
C) generally be skeptical of people's responses as probably not truthful unless there is strong evidence that they are truthful 
D) generally accept people's responses as truthful once the survey responses have been collected 
A) generally accept people's responses as truthful unless there is reason to do otherwise 
B) generally be skeptical of people's responses as probably not truthful and statistically adjust the responses 
C) generally be skeptical of people's responses as probably not truthful unless there is strong evidence that they are truthful 
D) generally accept people's responses as truthful once the survey responses have been collected

Question 2

Stratified random sampling is especially useful when the researcher is interested in

Accepted Answer

A) making specific statements about individual respondents. 
B) making general statements about the population as a whole. 
C) making comparisons with previous studies that have used simple random sampling. 
D) making general statements about specific portions of the population that has been sampleD. 
A) making specific statements about individual respondents. 
B) making general statements about the population as a whole. 
C) making comparisons with previous studies that have used simple random sampling. 
D) making general statements about specific portions of the population that has been sampleD.

Question 3

Mail surveys are particularly vulnerable to a problem that arises when not all respondents complete and return the survey.This problem is called

Accepted Answer

A) selection bias. 
B) reactivity. 
C) complete bias. 
D) low response rate. 
A) selection bias. 
B) reactivity. 
C) complete bias. 
D) low response rate.

Question 4

The distinguishing characteristic of the longitudinal design is that

Accepted Answer

A) several samples from the same population are tested once. 
B) samples from several populations are compared. 
C) a sample of individuals is asked to complete an especially long survey. 
D) the same sample of respondents is surveyed more than once. 
A) several samples from the same population are tested once. 
B) samples from several populations are compared. 
C) a sample of individuals is asked to complete an especially long survey. 
D) the same sample of respondents is surveyed more than once.

Question 5

The problem of selection bias in survey research is similar to the problem of ________ in research using archival data.

Accepted Answer

A) selection threat to internal validity 
B) spurious relationships 
C) selective survival 
D) selective deposit 
A) selection threat to internal validity 
B) spurious relationships 
C) selective survival 
D) selective deposit

Question 6

Scales that measure preferences and attitudes on a dimension such as life satisfaction are intended to identify

Accepted Answer

A) respondents showing unique scores on the dimension. 
B) respondents who consistently choose the middle response on a scale. 
C) differences among respondents on the dimension. 
D) respondents showing extreme scores on the dimension. 
A) respondents showing unique scores on the dimension. 
B) respondents who consistently choose the middle response on a scale. 
C) differences among respondents on the dimension. 
D) respondents showing extreme scores on the dimension.

Question 7

Which of the following samples would represent a biased sample if a population comprised 40% freshmen,30% sophomores,15% juniors,and 15% seniors?

Accepted Answer

A) 200 of each class year (a total sample of 800 students) 
B) 80 freshmen,60 sophomores,30 juniors,30 seniors 
C) 40 freshmen,30 sophomores,15 juniors,15 seniors 
D) 8 freshmen,6 sophomores,3 juniors,3 seniors 
A) 200 of each class year (a total sample of 800 students) 
B) 80 freshmen,60 sophomores,30 juniors,30 seniors 
C) 40 freshmen,30 sophomores,15 juniors,15 seniors 
D) 8 freshmen,6 sophomores,3 juniors,3 seniors

Question 8

Using path analysis,the correlation between poverty and psychological distress can be partially explained by the level of chaos in the home.The chaos variable in this example represents a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) moderator variable. 
B) mediating variable. 
C) proxy variable. 
D) spurious variable. 
A) moderator variable. 
B) mediating variable. 
C) proxy variable. 
D) spurious variable.

Question 9

The principle advantage of free-response or open-ended questions is that they

Accepted Answer

A) are easier to score and code. 
B) provide greater comparability of answers across respondents. 
C) minimize the problem of expressiveness and spontaneity. 
D) offer the respondent greater flexibility. 
A) are easier to score and code. 
B) provide greater comparability of answers across respondents. 
C) minimize the problem of expressiveness and spontaneity. 
D) offer the respondent greater flexibility.

Question 10

Survey questions that are ordered from the most general to the most specific are

Accepted Answer

A) filter questions. 
B) leading questions. 
C) double-barreled questions. 
D) funnel questions. 
A) filter questions. 
B) leading questions. 
C) double-barreled questions. 
D) funnel questions.

Question 11

Which of the following samples would be representative of a population that is 75% women and 25% men?

Accepted Answer

A) 60 women,20 men 
B) 75 women,25 men 
C) 225 women,75 men 
D) all of these 
A) 60 women,20 men 
B) 75 women,25 men 
C) 225 women,75 men 
D) all of these

Question 12

Survey researchers are most interested in

Accepted Answer

A) the responses of individuals in their sample. 
B) obtaining a very large sample size. 
C) predicting which individuals in the sample will return a completed survey. 
D) generalizing responses from a sample to the population. 
A) the responses of individuals in their sample. 
B) obtaining a very large sample size. 
C) predicting which individuals in the sample will return a completed survey. 
D) generalizing responses from a sample to the population.

Question 13

Figure:
A researcher was interested in developing a reliable and valid measure of friendliness.That is,she wanted to distinguish between friendly and unfriendly people using her questionnaire.To determine whether she developed a good measure (called "Friend"),she administered her "Friend" questionnaire to a group of 300 people twice (Friend-Time1 and Friend-Time 2),separated by six months.At the second testing session she also administered a similar questionnaire called "Nice," which previous research has shown to be a valid measure of people's ability to get along with people and to make friends.She also administered a questionnaire designed to measure art ability,which she predicted to be unrelated to friendliness.She observed the following correlations among the measures:  
-Is the researcher able to conclude that she has developed a reliable and valid measure of friendliness?

Accepted Answer

Yes,these data present good evidence for

Question 14

A researcher decides to conduct a survey using telephone interviews and has access to random-digit dialing.Because some people have multiple phone numbers and therefore,a greater likelihood of being surveyed,the researcher should be aware of the potential problem of

Accepted Answer

A) response rate bias 
B) interviewer bias 
C) selection bias 
D) telephone bias 
A) response rate bias 
B) interviewer bias 
C) selection bias 
D) telephone bias

Question 15

Low response rates that result when respondents fail to return a completed mail survey are a major factor leading to response rate bias.These low response rates pose a potential problem because

Accepted Answer

A) segments of the population may be overrepresented or underrepresented in the final sample. 
B) a carefully selected convenience sample becomes a probability sample. 
C) only surveys with a 100% response rate can be interpreted. 
D) the sample size becomes smaller than the researcher intendeD. 
A) segments of the population may be overrepresented or underrepresented in the final sample. 
B) a carefully selected convenience sample becomes a probability sample. 
C) only surveys with a 100% response rate can be interpreted. 
D) the sample size becomes smaller than the researcher intendeD.

Question 16

Figure:
Suppose a researcher wishes to use stratified random sampling to select a representative sample of 100 people from a population that has the following characteristics:  
-Suppose the researcher mails the survey to the 100 people in the representative sample and only 50 of the people return a completed survey.Can you state that this sample of 50 represents the population? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

We cannot conclude from this information

Question 17

A student is asked in a survey question about whether he would help another person who is in trouble.The student thinks that he probably would not help because he would be hesitant to get involved in a potential dangerous situation.The student decides,however,to respond that he would help.The student is likely responding to the pressure of

Accepted Answer

A) sensitivity to conformity. 
B) social desirability. 
C) response bias. 
D) consensus responding. 
A) sensitivity to conformity. 
B) social desirability. 
C) response bias. 
D) consensus responding.

Question 18

A researcher develops a measure of the "self-esteem" construct.One item on the questionnaire states,"I generally feel good about myself." Another item states,"I think I'm not a very good person." The researcher likely uses these two items to protect against possible problems associated with

Accepted Answer

A) leading questions. 
B) response bias. 
C) selection bias. 
D) the order of questions. 
A) leading questions. 
B) response bias. 
C) selection bias. 
D) the order of questions.

Question 19

In a simple random sample,every individual in the population

Accepted Answer

A) completes the survey. 
B) decides to participate in the survey if it is convenient for them. 
C) has an equal chance of being selected to be in the sample. 
D) none of these 
A) completes the survey. 
B) decides to participate in the survey if it is convenient for them. 
C) has an equal chance of being selected to be in the sample. 
D) none of these

Question 20

Construct validity can be assessed by determining the degree to which similar measures

Accepted Answer

A) are not correlated. 
B) converge on a construct. 
C) show consistency over time. 
D) all of these 
A) are not correlated. 
B) converge on a construct. 
C) show consistency over time. 
D) all of these

Which of the following standards is typically applied when judging the truthfulness of the responses people make to survey questions?

Stratified random sampling is especially useful when the researcher is interested in

Mail surveys are particularly vulnerable to a problem that arises when not all respondents complete and return the survey.This problem is called

The distinguishing characteristic of the longitudinal design is that

The problem of selection bias in survey research is similar to the problem of ________ in research using archival data.

Scales that measure preferences and attitudes on a dimension such as life satisfaction are intended to identify

Which of the following samples would represent a biased sample if a population comprised 40% freshmen,30% sophomores,15% juniors,and 15% seniors?

Using path analysis,the correlation between poverty and psychological distress can be partially explained by the level of chaos in the home.The chaos variable in this example represents a(n)

The principle advantage of free-response or open-ended questions is that they

Survey questions that are ordered from the most general to the most specific are

Which of the following samples would be representative of a population that is 75% women and 25% men?

Survey researchers are most interested in

A researcher decides to conduct a survey using telephone interviews and has access to random-digit dialing.Because some people have multiple phone numbers and therefore,a greater likelihood of being surveyed,the researcher should be aware of the potential problem of

Low response rates that result when respondents fail to return a completed mail survey are a major factor leading to response rate bias.These low response rates pose a potential problem because

A researcher develops a measure of the "self-esteem" construct.One item on the questionnaire states,"I generally feel good about myself." Another item states,"I think I'm not a very good person." The researcher likely uses these two items to protect against possible problems associated with

In a simple random sample,every individual in the population

Construct validity can be assessed by determining the degree to which similar measures

Introduction

The Scientifi C Method

Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Psychological Research

Observation

Independent Groups Designs

Repeated Measures Designs

Complex Designs

Single-Case Designs and Small-N Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Program Evaluation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part I Describing Data,confi Dence Intervals, Correlation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part II Tests of Statisticalsignifi Cance and the Analysis Story

Communication in Psychology

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Exam 5: Survey Research

Which of the following standards is typically applied when judging the truthfulness of the responses people make to survey questions?

Stratified random sampling is especially useful when the researcher is interested in

Mail surveys are particularly vulnerable to a problem that arises when not all respondents complete and return the survey.This problem is called

The distinguishing characteristic of the longitudinal design is that

The problem of selection bias in survey research is similar to the problem of ________ in research using archival data.

Scales that measure preferences and attitudes on a dimension such as life satisfaction are intended to identify

Which of the following samples would represent a biased sample if a population comprised 40% freshmen,30% sophomores,15% juniors,and 15% seniors?

Using path analysis,the correlation between poverty and psychological distress can be partially explained by the level of chaos in the home.The chaos variable in this example represents a(n)

The principle advantage of free-response or open-ended questions is that they

Survey questions that are ordered from the most general to the most specific are

Which of the following samples would be representative of a population that is 75% women and 25% men?

Survey researchers are most interested in

A researcher decides to conduct a survey using telephone interviews and has access to random-digit dialing.Because some people have multiple phone numbers and therefore,a greater likelihood of being surveyed,the researcher should be aware of the potential problem of

Low response rates that result when respondents fail to return a completed mail survey are a major factor leading to response rate bias.These low response rates pose a potential problem because

A researcher develops a measure of the "self-esteem" construct.One item on the questionnaire states,"I generally feel good about myself." Another item states,"I think I'm not a very good person." The researcher likely uses these two items to protect against possible problems associated with

In a simple random sample,every individual in the population

Construct validity can be assessed by determining the degree to which similar measures

Introduction

The Scientifi C Method

Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Psychological Research

Observation

Independent Groups Designs

Repeated Measures Designs

Complex Designs

Single-Case Designs and Small-N Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Program Evaluation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part I Describing Data,confi Dence Intervals, Correlation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part II Tests of Statisticalsignifi Cance and the Analysis Story

Communication in Psychology

Filters