Exam 13: Opioids

Withdrawal from opioid drugs is often fatal.

"Black tar" is

The Opium War of 1839-1842 resulted,among other things,in

One of the major issues facing physicians today is that patients are not taking enough prescription opioids to manage their pain.

Which of these opioids is about 100 times as potent as morphine?

The most popular prescription opioids are hydrocodone and oxycodone.

Long-term exposure to opioid drugs

Although pain relief is now the major medical use for opioids,they have been used to save many lives (especially in underdeveloped countries)because of their ability to

Describe the typical withdrawal symptoms associated with physical dependence on opioids.

In recent years,heroin use has been a rapidly spreading problem in the U.S.suggesting that it is becoming an epidemic.

Morphine and codeine are derived from the opium poppy,Papaver somniferum.

Heroin first became popular among opioid abusers in the 1970s,due to returning Vietnam veterans.

Long-term use of opioid drugs has been clearly shown to damage both the liver and the brain.

The 16^th century European physician Paracelsus,and later Dr.Thomas Sydenham promoted the use of

By the beginning of the 20^th century,a greater percentage of Americans were dependent on opioids than at any time before or since.Opium smoking and medical use of injected pure morphine were important contributors to this,along with

The earliest recorded use of opium as a medicine was probably by

Siegel and his colleagues have shown in animal studies that tolerance to opioids

The textbook says that opioid withdrawal is similar to

Describe the most typical pattern of opioid abuse in the early 1900s,in the middle to late 1900s,and in recent times.

One thing that apparently contributed to the spread of opium smoking in China was