Exam 14: The Chemistry of Solutes and Solutions

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Consider these three primary alcohols: Consider these three primary alcohols:    The three alcohols have similar molecular structures. However, their solubilities in water decrease dramatically, in the order shown. Explain this. The three alcohols have similar molecular structures. However, their solubilities in water decrease dramatically, in the order shown. Explain this.

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If 50. mL of solution containing 2.0 × 103 ppm sodium ion is diluted to 4.0 L, what is the final concentration of sodium ion?

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Solutions form when efficient intermolecular forces can form between solvent molecules and solute molecules or ions. What kind of intermolecular forces could be responsible?

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The solubility in water of magnesium fluoride, MgF2, is 7.3 mg/100 mL. Is a solution containing 33 mg MgF2 in 475 mL water unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated? Show a calculation to support your answer.

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Which units for concentration are not defined in terms of the mass or volume of any substance?

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Isotonic saline solution has a mass % NaCl concentration of 0.900 %. Assuming its density is 1.00 g/mL, what is its molarity?

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Drinkable water can be produced from seawater by the process of ____, using a membrane which is permeable to ____ but not to ____.

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When a solution is supersaturated the concentration of the solute is ____ the solubility, and ____ solute will dissolve.

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Sand is insoluble in both polar and nonpolar solvents because

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The osmotic pressure of a solution of Mg(NO3)2 at a given temperature is ____ that of a solution of NaNO3 of identical concentration at the same temperature.

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A solution with solute concentration less than the solubility is said to be ____; ____ solute will dissolve in such as solution.

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Given that the value of kf for water is 1.86 ∘\circ C/m, what is the freezing point of an aqueous solution of NaCl prepared by mixing 427.0 g solute with 1.000 kg of water?

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Which unit of concentration is dependent on temperature?

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The pressure inside a soda bottle is two atmospheres (1520 mm Hg). If exactly half this pressure is generated by CO2, what is the solubility of carbon dioxide in a 2 L bottle of root beer at 40 ∘\circ C? The Henry's Law constant for CO2 is 4.45 × 10-5 M/mm Hg.

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Molarity (M) is defined as moles of solute per ____ of ____.

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Starting with a saturated solution of sodium chloride in water at room temperature, adding solid sodium chloride will

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Increasing the temperature of water containing a dissolved gas will almost always

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If 750. mL of a certain solution contains 50.0 g Na2SO4, the sodium ion concentration, [Na+], is

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Assuming that its density is 1.000 g/mL, what is the mass % concentration of a 0.1432 M AgNO3 solution?

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A 0.1 M solution of Na2SO4 contains

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