Question 1

Carnivores that feed on herbivores (or on detritivores)are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  primary producers. 
B)  primary consumers. 
C)  secondary consumers. 
D)  parasitoids. 
E)  keystone species. 
A)  primary producers. 
B)  primary consumers. 
C)  secondary consumers. 
D)  parasitoids. 
E)  keystone species.

Question 2

The major source of nutrients in surface waters of the open ocean is

Accepted Answer

A)  mixing of subsurface with surface waters. 
B)  deposition from the atmosphere. 
C)  addition by ocean currents bringing nutrients from nearshore waters. 
D)  decomposition of dead organic material. 
E)  photosynthesis by planktonic algae. 
A)  mixing of subsurface with surface waters. 
B)  deposition from the atmosphere. 
C)  addition by ocean currents bringing nutrients from nearshore waters. 
D)  decomposition of dead organic material. 
E)  photosynthesis by planktonic algae.

Question 3

Experimental fertilizations in the Baltic Sea suggest that primary productivity there is normally limited by

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorus. 
B)  nitrogen. 
C)  iron. 
D)  potassium. 
E)  temperature. 
A)  phosphorus. 
B)  nitrogen. 
C)  iron. 
D)  potassium. 
E)  temperature.

Question 4

Among lakes,primary productivity seems to be mainly controlled by levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  light. 
B)  pollutants. 
C)  temperature. 
D)  nutrients. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  light. 
B)  pollutants. 
C)  temperature. 
D)  nutrients. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 5

The "trophic cascade hypothesis" emphasizes the role of

Accepted Answer

A)  nutrients in controlling primary productivity. 
B)  nutrients in controlling primary consumption. 
C)  consumers in controlling primary productivity. 
D)  grazing by herbivores in controlling ecosystem nutrient levels. 
E)  primary productivity in controlling primary and secondary consumption. 
A)  nutrients in controlling primary productivity. 
B)  nutrients in controlling primary consumption. 
C)  consumers in controlling primary productivity. 
D)  grazing by herbivores in controlling ecosystem nutrient levels. 
E)  primary productivity in controlling primary and secondary consumption.

Question 6

An increase about 1,000 years ago in 13C content of human collagen from archeological sites in eastern North America probably records

Accepted Answer

A)  replacement of vegetables and grains in the diet by meat. 
B)  replacement of corn by beans and squash in the diet. 
C)  increasing consumption of corn. 
D)  increasing levels of 13C in soils. 
E)  increasing levels of 13C in the atmosphere. 
A)  replacement of vegetables and grains in the diet by meat. 
B)  replacement of corn by beans and squash in the diet. 
C)  increasing consumption of corn. 
D)  increasing levels of 13C in soils. 
E)  increasing levels of 13C in the atmosphere.

Question 7

In Stephen Carpenter and colleagues' manipulations of lake food webs,increased densities of adult largemouth bass led to

Accepted Answer

A)  increased rates of grazing on phytoplankton by zooplankton. 
B)  decreased rates of grazing on phytoplankton by zooplankton. 
C)  increased population sizes of planktivorous fish. 
D)  increased consumption of zooplankton by planktivorous fish. 
E)  no noticeable effects on food web structure. 
A)  increased rates of grazing on phytoplankton by zooplankton. 
B)  decreased rates of grazing on phytoplankton by zooplankton. 
C)  increased population sizes of planktivorous fish. 
D)  increased consumption of zooplankton by planktivorous fish. 
E)  no noticeable effects on food web structure.

Question 8

Net primary productivity is the primary productivity of an ecosystem,after subtracting energy lost in

Accepted Answer

A)  dead plant tissues. 
B)  inedible plant tissues. 
C)  respiration by primary producers. 
D)  respiration by primary consumers. 
E)  inefficiencies of photosynthesis. 
A)  dead plant tissues. 
B)  inedible plant tissues. 
C)  respiration by primary producers. 
D)  respiration by primary consumers. 
E)  inefficiencies of photosynthesis.

Question 9

In Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,the largest "standing stock" of energy is represented by biomass of

Accepted Answer

A)  living plant tissues. 
B)  dead plant tissues. 
C)  invertebrate herbivores. 
D)  vertebrate herbivores. 
E)  vertebrate carnivores. 
A)  living plant tissues. 
B)  dead plant tissues. 
C)  invertebrate herbivores. 
D)  vertebrate herbivores. 
E)  vertebrate carnivores.

Question 10

The number of trophic levels in an ecosystem is limited by

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of tertiary consumers. 
B)  the loss of energy with each transfer between trophic levels. 
C)  the gain of energy with each transfer between trophic levels. 
D)  the rate at which organisms can recycle energy within the ecosystem. 
E)  the rate at which secondary consumers consume their prey. 
A)  the number of tertiary consumers. 
B)  the loss of energy with each transfer between trophic levels. 
C)  the gain of energy with each transfer between trophic levels. 
D)  the rate at which organisms can recycle energy within the ecosystem. 
E)  the rate at which secondary consumers consume their prey.

Carnivores that feed on herbivores (or on detritivores)are referred to as

The major source of nutrients in surface waters of the open ocean is

Experimental fertilizations in the Baltic Sea suggest that primary productivity there is normally limited by

Among lakes,primary productivity seems to be mainly controlled by levels of

The "trophic cascade hypothesis" emphasizes the role of

An increase about 1,000 years ago in ¹³C content of human collagen from archeological sites in eastern North America probably records

In Stephen Carpenter and colleagues' manipulations of lake food webs,increased densities of adult largemouth bass led to

Net primary productivity is the primary productivity of an ecosystem,after subtracting energy lost in

In Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,the largest "standing stock" of energy is represented by biomass of

The number of trophic levels in an ecosystem is limited by

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Socail Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

Exam 18: Primary Production and Energy Flow

Carnivores that feed on herbivores (or on detritivores)are referred to as

The major source of nutrients in surface waters of the open ocean is

Experimental fertilizations in the Baltic Sea suggest that primary productivity there is normally limited by

Among lakes,primary productivity seems to be mainly controlled by levels of

The "trophic cascade hypothesis" emphasizes the role of

An increase about 1,000 years ago in 13C content of human collagen from archeological sites in eastern North America probably records

In Stephen Carpenter and colleagues' manipulations of lake food webs,increased densities of adult largemouth bass led to

Net primary productivity is the primary productivity of an ecosystem,after subtracting energy lost in

In Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,the largest "standing stock" of energy is represented by biomass of

The number of trophic levels in an ecosystem is limited by

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Socail Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

An increase about 1,000 years ago in ¹³C content of human collagen from archeological sites in eastern North America probably records