Question 1

How does canopy shading influence succession of pines and deciduous trees in the Piedmont of North Carolina?

Accepted Answer

A)  Canopy shading by deciduous trees is required for growth of pines. 
B)  Canopy shading by deciduous trees prevents establishment of pines until late in succession. 
C)  Canopy shading by deciduous trees prevents persistence of pines in late successional stages. 
D)  Canopy shading by pines prevents establishment of deciduous trees. 
E)  Canopy shading by pines kills deciduous trees that were established early in succession. 
A)  Canopy shading by deciduous trees is required for growth of pines. 
B)  Canopy shading by deciduous trees prevents establishment of pines until late in succession. 
C)  Canopy shading by deciduous trees prevents persistence of pines in late successional stages. 
D)  Canopy shading by pines prevents establishment of deciduous trees. 
E)  Canopy shading by pines kills deciduous trees that were established early in succession. C

Question 2

A community in which secondary succession is very rapid has

Accepted Answer

A)  high resistance. 
B)  low resistance. 
C)  high resilience. 
D)  low resilience. 
E)  high replication. 
A)  high resistance. 
B)  low resistance. 
C)  high resilience. 
D)  low resilience. 
E)  high replication. C

Question 3

_________ is the ability of a community or ecosystem to maintain structure in the face of potential disturbance.

Accepted Answer

A)  Resilience 
B)  Elasticity 
C)  Resistance 
D)  Plasticity 
E)  Flexibility 
A)  Resilience 
B)  Elasticity 
C)  Resistance 
D)  Plasticity 
E)  Flexibility C

Question 4

Wayne Sousa's studies of succession on intertidal boulders demonstrated which elements of the inhibition hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibition of mid- and late-successional species by pioneers 
B)  inhibition of late-successional species by mid-successional ones 
C)  higher mortality of pioneer species 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  inhibition of mid- and late-successional species by pioneers 
B)  inhibition of late-successional species by mid-successional ones 
C)  higher mortality of pioneer species 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 5

The pioneer species at Glacier Bay,Alaska include

Accepted Answer

A)  mosses. 
B)  Dryas. 
C)  alders. 
D)  horsetails. 
E)  hemlocks. 
A)  mosses. 
B)  Dryas. 
C)  alders. 
D)  horsetails. 
E)  hemlocks.

Question 6

Three years of herbicide applications by Bormann and Likens to a clear cut forest in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest resulted in

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed succession. 
B)  increased export of calcium. 
C)  increased import of nitrogen. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both delayed succession and increased export of calcium. 
A)  delayed succession. 
B)  increased export of calcium. 
C)  increased import of nitrogen. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both delayed succession and increased export of calcium.

Question 7

During primary succession at Glacier Bay,species diversity continues to increase throughout succession for which group(s)of plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  tall shrubs and trees 
B)  low shrubs and herbs 
C)  mosses 
D)  lichens 
E)  all groups of plants 
A)  tall shrubs and trees 
B)  low shrubs and herbs 
C)  mosses 
D)  lichens 
E)  all groups of plants

Question 8

High nitrogen retention early in stream succession is probably due to

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen fixation by aquatic fungi. 
B)  increasing biomass of algal and animal populations. 
C)  increasing nitrogen inputs from surrounding terrestrial soils. 
D)  increasing binding of nitrogen to developing organic sediments. 
E)  reduced denitrification following disturbance. 
A)  nitrogen fixation by aquatic fungi. 
B)  increasing biomass of algal and animal populations. 
C)  increasing nitrogen inputs from surrounding terrestrial soils. 
D)  increasing binding of nitrogen to developing organic sediments. 
E)  reduced denitrification following disturbance.

Question 9

During primary succession at Glacier Bay,overall plant species diversity

Accepted Answer

A)  first increases rapidly, then levels off. 
B)  increases steadily throughout succession. 
C)  increases slowly at first, then more rapidly after a few hundred years. 
D)  peaks at intermediate successional stages. 
E)  decreases steadily throughout succession. 
A)  first increases rapidly, then levels off. 
B)  increases steadily throughout succession. 
C)  increases slowly at first, then more rapidly after a few hundred years. 
D)  peaks at intermediate successional stages. 
E)  decreases steadily throughout succession.

Question 10

Which statement about changing ecosystem properties during succession is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  biomass increases 
B)  community respiration increases 
C)  primary production increases 
D)  soil depths decrease 
E)  stream spiraling lengths decrease 
A)  biomass increases 
B)  community respiration increases 
C)  primary production increases 
D)  soil depths decrease 
E)  stream spiraling lengths decrease

Question 11

The change in plant,animal,and microbial communities in an area following disturbance or the creation of new substrate is called _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  progression 
B)  succession 
C)  replacement 
D)  colonization 
E)  invasion 
A)  progression 
B)  succession 
C)  replacement 
D)  colonization 
E)  invasion

Question 12

According to the tolerance model of succession,

Accepted Answer

A)  early successional species modify the environment making it less suitable for the establishment by all species. 
B)  only early successional species can establish as succession begins. 
C)  early successional species modify the environment making it less suitable for early successional species but more suitable for late successional species. 
D)  early successional species modify the environment making it less suitable for early successional species but neither less nor more favorable for late successional species. 
E)  both early successional species modify the environment making it less suitable for early successional species but neither less nor more favorable for late successional species and only early successional species can establish as succession begins. 
A)  early successional species modify the environment making it less suitable for the establishment by all species. 
B)  only early successional species can establish as succession begins. 
C)  early successional species modify the environment making it less suitable for early successional species but more suitable for late successional species. 
D)  early successional species modify the environment making it less suitable for early successional species but neither less nor more favorable for late successional species. 
E)  both early successional species modify the environment making it less suitable for early successional species but neither less nor more favorable for late successional species and only early successional species can establish as succession begins.

Question 13

A tendency for a community to maintain its structure even when subject to potential disturbance is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A tendency for a community to maintain...

Question 14

On intertidal boulders in California,the diversity of diatoms and algae

Accepted Answer

A)  increases at first, but then declines late in succession. 
B)  increases steadily through succession. 
C)  increases slowly at first, but then rapidly late in succession. 
D)  increases rapidly at first, then plateaus late in succession. 
E)  first decreases, but later increases. 
A)  increases at first, but then declines late in succession. 
B)  increases steadily through succession. 
C)  increases slowly at first, but then rapidly late in succession. 
D)  increases rapidly at first, then plateaus late in succession. 
E)  first decreases, but later increases.

Question 15

In the "transition phase" of forest succession,

Accepted Answer

A)  biomass increases rapidly as the community reorganizes. 
B)  biomass declines from an earlier peak. 
C)  biomass stays constant, but species composition turns over rapidly. 
D)  nutrient export increases dramatically and soils become depleted. 
E)  one climax community gives way to another. 
A)  biomass increases rapidly as the community reorganizes. 
B)  biomass declines from an earlier peak. 
C)  biomass stays constant, but species composition turns over rapidly. 
D)  nutrient export increases dramatically and soils become depleted. 
E)  one climax community gives way to another.

Question 16

Pine communities are eventually replaced by oak-hickory communities after about 150 years of old field succession on the Piedmont Plateau of North Carolina because

Accepted Answer

A)  mature pines are susceptible to a fungal disease called pine blight. 
B)  juvenile pines are susceptible to a fungal disease called pine blight. 
C)  juvenile pines cannot grow in the low pH soil that results as pine litter decomposes. 
D)  juvenile pines cannot grow in the shade of mature pines. 
E)  mature pines require an association with mycorrhizal fungi which are excluded from this area by low pH soils. 
A)  mature pines are susceptible to a fungal disease called pine blight. 
B)  juvenile pines are susceptible to a fungal disease called pine blight. 
C)  juvenile pines cannot grow in the low pH soil that results as pine litter decomposes. 
D)  juvenile pines cannot grow in the shade of mature pines. 
E)  mature pines require an association with mycorrhizal fungi which are excluded from this area by low pH soils.

Question 17

A set of sites differing in successional age is called a ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A set of sites differing in successional...

Question 18

In the Piedmont of North Carolina,as plant diversity increases through secondary succession,bird diversity

Accepted Answer

A)  increases at first, but then declines late in succession. 
B)  increases steadily through succession. 
C)  increases slowly at first, but then rapidly late in succession. 
D)  increases rapidly at first, then plateaus late in succession. 
E)  first decreases, but later increases. 
A)  increases at first, but then declines late in succession. 
B)  increases steadily through succession. 
C)  increases slowly at first, but then rapidly late in succession. 
D)  increases rapidly at first, then plateaus late in succession. 
E)  first decreases, but later increases.

Question 19

According to the "inhibition" hypothesis,pioneer species modify the environment in ways that

Accepted Answer

A)  make it less suitable for other species. 
B)  make it less suitable for their own survival, but more suitable for survival of other pioneer species. 
C)  make it less suitable for their own survival, but more suitable for survival of late-successional species. 
D)  make it more suitable for survival of all species. 
E)  in this model, pioneer species do not modify the environment. 
A)  make it less suitable for other species. 
B)  make it less suitable for their own survival, but more suitable for survival of other pioneer species. 
C)  make it less suitable for their own survival, but more suitable for survival of late-successional species. 
D)  make it more suitable for survival of all species. 
E)  in this model, pioneer species do not modify the environment.

Question 20

On intertidal boulders in California,the climax community is dominated by perennial red algae.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 20: Succession and Stability

How does canopy shading influence succession of pines and deciduous trees in the Piedmont of North Carolina?

A community in which secondary succession is very rapid has

_________ is the ability of a community or ecosystem to maintain structure in the face of potential disturbance.

Wayne Sousa's studies of succession on intertidal boulders demonstrated which elements of the inhibition hypothesis?

The pioneer species at Glacier Bay,Alaska include

Three years of herbicide applications by Bormann and Likens to a clear cut forest in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest resulted in

During primary succession at Glacier Bay,species diversity continues to increase throughout succession for which group(s)of plants?

High nitrogen retention early in stream succession is probably due to

During primary succession at Glacier Bay,overall plant species diversity

Which statement about changing ecosystem properties during succession is false?

The change in plant,animal,and microbial communities in an area following disturbance or the creation of new substrate is called _________.

According to the tolerance model of succession,

A tendency for a community to maintain its structure even when subject to potential disturbance is called ____________.

On intertidal boulders in California,the diversity of diatoms and algae

In the "transition phase" of forest succession,

Pine communities are eventually replaced by oak-hickory communities after about 150 years of old field succession on the Piedmont Plateau of North Carolina because

A set of sites differing in successional age is called a ____________.

In the Piedmont of North Carolina,as plant diversity increases through secondary succession,bird diversity

According to the "inhibition" hypothesis,pioneer species modify the environment in ways that

On intertidal boulders in California,the climax community is dominated by perennial red algae.

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Socail Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters