Question 1

Single-subject research focuses on individuals because

Accepted Answer

A)  each individual is unique 
B)  human creativity cannot be studied by methods that assume determinism 
C)  it permits a researcher to focus on small effects 
D)  group data sometimes obscure features of individual performance 
A)  each individual is unique 
B)  human creativity cannot be studied by methods that assume determinism 
C)  it permits a researcher to focus on small effects 
D)  group data sometimes obscure features of individual performance

Question 2

According to the text,the founder of experimental psychology was

Accepted Answer

A) B. Titchener 
B)  Hermann Ebbinghaus 
C)  Gustav Fechner 
D)  Wilhelm Wundt 
A) B. Titchener 
B)  Hermann Ebbinghaus 
C)  Gustav Fechner 
D)  Wilhelm Wundt

Question 3

What is the name of the single-subject research design that introduces an independent variable at different times for different behaviors to see if changes in behavior coincide with manipulation of the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple-baseline design 
B)  changing-criterion design 
C)  interaction design 
D)  multiple-conditions design 
A)  multiple-baseline design 
B)  changing-criterion design 
C)  interaction design 
D)  multiple-conditions design

Question 4

A researcher plans to use the reversibility of the desired target behavior as evidence of a treatment effect.She does not want the subject to leave the experiment showing the original,undesirable behavior.Which one of the following designs would be most appropriate for this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  A-B-A design 
B)  A-B-A-B design 
C)  interaction design 
D)  multiple-baseline design 
A)  A-B-A design 
B)  A-B-A-B design 
C)  interaction design 
D)  multiple-baseline design

Question 5

If a stable baseline cannot be obtained

Accepted Answer

A)  The experiment cannot be performed 
B)  A baseline that changes in the opposite direction from the one predicted by the hypothesis is acceptable 
C)  You only need to worry if you have to compare conditions between subjects 
D)  The intervention worked 
A)  The experiment cannot be performed 
B)  A baseline that changes in the opposite direction from the one predicted by the hypothesis is acceptable 
C)  You only need to worry if you have to compare conditions between subjects 
D)  The intervention worked

Question 6

Which one of the following control strategies is not a part of the A-B-A-B design?

Accepted Answer

A)  repeating the treatments 
B)  withdrawing the treatments 
C)  obtaining a stable baseline 
D)  using multiple baselines 
A)  repeating the treatments 
B)  withdrawing the treatments 
C)  obtaining a stable baseline 
D)  using multiple baselines

Question 7

A new program has been developed to increase students' speed and accuracy in doing simple arithmetic computations.You have been asked to evaluate its effectiveness.One of the first decisions you must make is whether to use a group or single-subject experimental design.What are several questions you might ask the curriculum specialist about the program and about the purpose of the experiment that will help to determine the more appropriate type of experimental design to be used?

Accepted Answer

Several questions to ask the curriculum

Question 8

Multiple-baseline designs may be conducted across all of the following variables EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Behaviors 
B)  Individuals 
C)  Settings 
D)  Antecedents 
A)  Behaviors 
B)  Individuals 
C)  Settings 
D)  Antecedents

Question 9

Skipper does the laundry 25% of the time and washes dishes about 50% of the time.Barbie decides to start praising Skipper for doing the laundry.After that,Skipper begins to do the laundry about 75% of the time.Since that was successful,Barbie decides to try praising Skipper's dish washing,too.Soon,Skipper is washing the dishes 100% of the time.What experimental design was Barbie using?

Accepted Answer

A)  A-B Design 
B)  Changing Criterion 
C)  Multiple Baseline 
D)  A-B-A-B Design 
A)  A-B Design 
B)  Changing Criterion 
C)  Multiple Baseline 
D)  A-B-A-B Design

Question 10

A woman with chronic pain takes a course in relaxation therapy and reports that she has less pain.Can you be sure that the course really led to the pain relief?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes 
B)  No, there are too many potentially confounding variables. 
C)  No, you can never trust what patients tell you. 
D)  Only if we are careful to use the same pain scale before and after treatment. 
A)  Yes 
B)  No, there are too many potentially confounding variables. 
C)  No, you can never trust what patients tell you. 
D)  Only if we are careful to use the same pain scale before and after treatment.

Question 11

Single subject research

Accepted Answer

A)  was developed recently because of dissatisfaction with group experiments 
B)  permits easier use of sophisticated statistical analysis 
C)  permits better comparison between subjects 
D)  began long before the development of modern statistics 
A)  was developed recently because of dissatisfaction with group experiments 
B)  permits easier use of sophisticated statistical analysis 
C)  permits better comparison between subjects 
D)  began long before the development of modern statistics

Question 12

Which of the following areas of psychology is most likely to employ single-subject research?

Accepted Answer

A)  social 
B)  personality 
C)  biopsychology 
D)  sensation 
A)  social 
B)  personality 
C)  biopsychology 
D)  sensation

Question 13

A researcher conducts a study to gradually bring about the desired behavior change for a subject.At each session,the researcher introduces a more stringent set of guidelines to see if behavior changes coincide with the new reinforcement.Which one of the following designs would be most appropriate for this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  changing-criterion design 
B)  multiple-baseline design 
C)  interaction design 
D)  A-B-A-B design 
A)  changing-criterion design 
B)  multiple-baseline design 
C)  interaction design 
D)  A-B-A-B design

Question 14

A behavioral therapist is trying to decrease an autistic child's disruptive behavior.He first observes the baseline level of the behavior,then observes the behavior again after his intervention.Since his therapy seems to be effective,he continues to treat the child in the same way.This type of design is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  A-B Design 
B)  A-B-A-B Design 
C)  A-B-C Design 
D)  Cross sectional Design 
A)  A-B Design 
B)  A-B-A-B Design 
C)  A-B-C Design 
D)  Cross sectional Design

Question 15

Researchers who favor the single subject approach over the group research approach assume that most variability within the subject's behavior:

Accepted Answer

A)  is intrinsic and should be controlled statistically 
B)  is caused by the research situation, or setting 
C)  cannot be removed 
D)  is minimal and therefore irrelevant 
A)  is intrinsic and should be controlled statistically 
B)  is caused by the research situation, or setting 
C)  cannot be removed 
D)  is minimal and therefore irrelevant

Question 16

Suppose that Dr.Jeffers uses 10 participants in an experiment and finds a correlation of .765,while Dr.Amico uses 50 participants and finds a correlation of .361.Both results are significant.Which result should you have more trust in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dr. Jeffers, because he showed a larger effect 
B)  Dr. Amico, because he used more people 
C)  You can trust them equally 
D)  You can't trust either one 
A)  Dr. Jeffers, because he showed a larger effect 
B)  Dr. Amico, because he used more people 
C)  You can trust them equally 
D)  You can't trust either one

Question 17

The problem with an ABA design is that

Accepted Answer

A)  You may want to leave the participant in their new state, rather than return them to the old one 
B)  The effect of the treatment may be reversible 
C)  People don't want to continue in the study after the initial treatment 
D)  It is unethical 
A)  You may want to leave the participant in their new state, rather than return them to the old one 
B)  The effect of the treatment may be reversible 
C)  People don't want to continue in the study after the initial treatment 
D)  It is unethical

Question 18

The term clinical significance refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the statistical significance of a clinical study 
B)  the probability that a clinical test will find a significant difference when a true difference exists in the population 
C)  the practical importance of research findings 
D)  the probability that a statistical test will have clinical significance 
A)  the statistical significance of a clinical study 
B)  the probability that a clinical test will find a significant difference when a true difference exists in the population 
C)  the practical importance of research findings 
D)  the probability that a statistical test will have clinical significance

Question 19

What kind of research lends itself to single-subject experiments? Should researchers use single-subject research whenever it is possible to do so?

Accepted Answer

Single-subject experiments are particula

Question 20

The most important control strategy in single-subject research is

Accepted Answer

A)  controlling for rival hypotheses 
B)  obtaining a stable baseline 
C)  random assignment of subjects to treatments 
D)  using reliable statistical techniques 
A)  controlling for rival hypotheses 
B)  obtaining a stable baseline 
C)  random assignment of subjects to treatments 
D)  using reliable statistical techniques

Single-subject research focuses on individuals because

According to the text,the founder of experimental psychology was

What is the name of the single-subject research design that introduces an independent variable at different times for different behaviors to see if changes in behavior coincide with manipulation of the independent variable?

A researcher plans to use the reversibility of the desired target behavior as evidence of a treatment effect.She does not want the subject to leave the experiment showing the original,undesirable behavior.Which one of the following designs would be most appropriate for this study?

If a stable baseline cannot be obtained

Which one of the following control strategies is not a part of the A-B-A-B design?

Multiple-baseline designs may be conducted across all of the following variables EXCEPT

A woman with chronic pain takes a course in relaxation therapy and reports that she has less pain.Can you be sure that the course really led to the pain relief?

Single subject research

Which of the following areas of psychology is most likely to employ single-subject research?

Researchers who favor the single subject approach over the group research approach assume that most variability within the subject's behavior:

Suppose that Dr.Jeffers uses 10 participants in an experiment and finds a correlation of .765,while Dr.Amico uses 50 participants and finds a correlation of .361.Both results are significant.Which result should you have more trust in?

The problem with an ABA design is that

The term clinical significance refers to

What kind of research lends itself to single-subject experiments? Should researchers use single-subject research whenever it is possible to do so?

The most important control strategy in single-subject research is

Psychology and Science

Developing a Research Question

Ethics in Research

Writing in Psychology

Variables

Tabular and Graphical Description of Data

Validity

Control

Nonexperimental Research, part 1: Observational, archival, and Case-Study Research

Nonexperimental Research, part 2: Survey Research

True Experiments, part 1: Single-Factor Designs

True Experiments, part 2: Factorial Designs

Quasi Experiments

Biases and Limitations of Experimental Psychology

Filters

Exam 13: Single-Subject Experiments

Single-subject research focuses on individuals because

According to the text,the founder of experimental psychology was

What is the name of the single-subject research design that introduces an independent variable at different times for different behaviors to see if changes in behavior coincide with manipulation of the independent variable?

A researcher plans to use the reversibility of the desired target behavior as evidence of a treatment effect.She does not want the subject to leave the experiment showing the original,undesirable behavior.Which one of the following designs would be most appropriate for this study?

If a stable baseline cannot be obtained

Which one of the following control strategies is not a part of the A-B-A-B design?

Multiple-baseline designs may be conducted across all of the following variables EXCEPT

A woman with chronic pain takes a course in relaxation therapy and reports that she has less pain.Can you be sure that the course really led to the pain relief?

Single subject research

Which of the following areas of psychology is most likely to employ single-subject research?

Researchers who favor the single subject approach over the group research approach assume that most variability within the subject's behavior:

Suppose that Dr.Jeffers uses 10 participants in an experiment and finds a correlation of .765,while Dr.Amico uses 50 participants and finds a correlation of .361.Both results are significant.Which result should you have more trust in?

The problem with an ABA design is that

The term clinical significance refers to

What kind of research lends itself to single-subject experiments? Should researchers use single-subject research whenever it is possible to do so?

The most important control strategy in single-subject research is

Psychology and Science

Developing a Research Question

Ethics in Research

Writing in Psychology

Variables

Tabular and Graphical Description of Data

Validity

Control

Nonexperimental Research, part 1: Observational, archival, and Case-Study Research

Nonexperimental Research, part 2: Survey Research

True Experiments, part 1: Single-Factor Designs

True Experiments, part 2: Factorial Designs

Quasi Experiments

Biases and Limitations of Experimental Psychology

Filters