Question 1

Face validity is

Accepted Answer

A)  lacking in the Rorschach test 
B)  more of a public relations question than a scientific one 
C)  unrelated to a test's actual validity 
D)  All of the these are true 
A)  lacking in the Rorschach test 
B)  more of a public relations question than a scientific one 
C)  unrelated to a test's actual validity 
D)  All of the these are true D

Question 2

The term variable may best be defined as a

Accepted Answer

A)  property of an event that can assume any of a range of values 
B)  label assigned to an observation 
C)  single number that allows one to summarize, analyze, or evaluate a group of observations 
D)  numerical value assigned to an observation 
A)  property of an event that can assume any of a range of values 
B)  label assigned to an observation 
C)  single number that allows one to summarize, analyze, or evaluate a group of observations 
D)  numerical value assigned to an observation A

Question 3

The idea that a test appears to be measuring what it is supposed to be measuring relates to

Accepted Answer

A)  face validity 
B)  construct validity 
C)  internal validity 
D)  both a and b 
A)  face validity 
B)  construct validity 
C)  internal validity 
D)  both a and b D

Question 4

In within-subjects designs (subject experiences all stimuli in one session)it is important

Accepted Answer

A)  not to have more than two or three stimuli 
B)  to present at least seven stimuli, if possible 
C)  to choose higher levels of the independent variable 
D)  to focus on lower levels of the independent variable 
A)  not to have more than two or three stimuli 
B)  to present at least seven stimuli, if possible 
C)  to choose higher levels of the independent variable 
D)  to focus on lower levels of the independent variable

Question 5

The term measurement may best be defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  a numerical value assigned to an observation 
B)  a single number that allows one to summarize, analyze or evaluate a group of observations 
C)  a property of an event that can assume any one of a range of values 
D)  a number or label assigned to an observation according to a rule or system 
A)  a numerical value assigned to an observation 
B)  a single number that allows one to summarize, analyze or evaluate a group of observations 
C)  a property of an event that can assume any one of a range of values 
D)  a number or label assigned to an observation according to a rule or system

Question 6

Which one of the following statements does not contain both an independent and dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  The effects of physical distance on ratings of attraction 
B)  Children's defensive and aggressive behaviors in a school setting 
C)  Cooperation among nursery school children under two types of instruction 
D)  Sexually coercive behavior of college males as a function of masculinity and attitudes toward women's rights 
A)  The effects of physical distance on ratings of attraction 
B)  Children's defensive and aggressive behaviors in a school setting 
C)  Cooperation among nursery school children under two types of instruction 
D)  Sexually coercive behavior of college males as a function of masculinity and attitudes toward women's rights

Question 7

Systematic error is

Accepted Answer

A)  error associated with the independent variable 
B)  error that is not associated with the independent variable 
C)  another name for error variance 
D)  more serious than error variance 
A)  error associated with the independent variable 
B)  error that is not associated with the independent variable 
C)  another name for error variance 
D)  more serious than error variance

Question 8

Which one of the following represents a discrete variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  number of children per family 
B)  amount of water consumed daily by a laboratory rat 
C)  noon temperature measured in Celsius 
D)  rate of bar-pressing 
A)  number of children per family 
B)  amount of water consumed daily by a laboratory rat 
C)  noon temperature measured in Celsius 
D)  rate of bar-pressing

Question 9

Which one of the following independent variables represents a categorical variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  dosage level of a drug to be administered 
B)  amount of positive or negative reinforcement 
C)  distance from sound source in a test of auditory acuity 
D)  rote versus conceptual method of teaching 
A)  dosage level of a drug to be administered 
B)  amount of positive or negative reinforcement 
C)  distance from sound source in a test of auditory acuity 
D)  rote versus conceptual method of teaching

Question 10

Which one of the following variables represents a quantitative variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  college major 
B)  political party affiliation 
C)  salary in dollars 
D)  type of life insurance owned 
A)  college major 
B)  political party affiliation 
C)  salary in dollars 
D)  type of life insurance owned

Question 11

Which one of the following represents a continuous variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  noon temperature measured in Fahrenheit 
B)  number of freshmen college students enrolled in an introductory psychology course 
C)  number of shares traded on the New Stock Market on a given day 
D)  rankings of U. S. Army officers from lowest to highest 
A)  noon temperature measured in Fahrenheit 
B)  number of freshmen college students enrolled in an introductory psychology course 
C)  number of shares traded on the New Stock Market on a given day 
D)  rankings of U. S. Army officers from lowest to highest

Question 12

For each variable listed,decide whether each variable is continuous or discrete.
a.The relationship between the crime rate and unemployment in a certain city
b.Overcrowding in mental institutions
c.The relationship between smoking and health
d.Attitudes of U.S.citizens toward government-supported loans for higher education
e.The effect of rehearsal on memorization of foreign language words

Accepted Answer

For each variable listed, we need to det

Question 13

Consider the following title of a research study: "The effect of physical distance on ratings of attraction." In this study the dependent variable is

Accepted Answer

A)  physical distances 
B)  ratings of attraction 
C)  actual attraction 
D)  not stated in the title 
A)  physical distances 
B)  ratings of attraction 
C)  actual attraction 
D)  not stated in the title

Question 14

Which one of the following is an example of a ratio level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of times a laboratory monkey presses a bar in its experimental chamber during a one-hour period 
B)  the temperature in Celsius of a hospital patient 
C)  a racing-car driver's position at the end of a race 
D)  a patient' rating of his own anxiety level on a scale where l0 represents "low anxiety" and l00 represents "extreme anxiety" 
A)  the number of times a laboratory monkey presses a bar in its experimental chamber during a one-hour period 
B)  the temperature in Celsius of a hospital patient 
C)  a racing-car driver's position at the end of a race 
D)  a patient' rating of his own anxiety level on a scale where l0 represents "low anxiety" and l00 represents "extreme anxiety"

Question 15

The extent to which scores on a test can be used to predict an individual's likely standing on some other test relates to

Accepted Answer

A)  face validity 
B)  content validity 
C)  criterion validity 
D)  construct validity 
A)  face validity 
B)  content validity 
C)  criterion validity 
D)  construct validity

Question 16

Professor Smith studied the effect of giving either two,four,or eight pellets of reward to rats that ran a maze.He measured how fast they ran,and how many wrong turns they made.How many levels of the independent variable did he have?

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  can't tell 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  can't tell

Question 17

Which one of the following is an example of a nominal level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction time of an adult male measured before and after drinking an ounce of alcohol 
B)  a high school senior's first, second, and third choice of colleges to attend 
C)  classification of psychiatric patients as either "neurotic" or "psychotic" 
D)  estimating the number of red blood cells in a laboratory sample 
A)  reaction time of an adult male measured before and after drinking an ounce of alcohol 
B)  a high school senior's first, second, and third choice of colleges to attend 
C)  classification of psychiatric patients as either "neurotic" or "psychotic" 
D)  estimating the number of red blood cells in a laboratory sample

Question 18

When choosing the levels of the independent variable,it is important

Accepted Answer

A)  to choose equal intervals 
B)  not to have more than two or three 
C)  to have no more than one for any experiment 
D)  to space the stimuli close enough such that overlooking any interesting relationship between the stimuli is unlikely 
A)  to choose equal intervals 
B)  not to have more than two or three 
C)  to have no more than one for any experiment 
D)  to space the stimuli close enough such that overlooking any interesting relationship between the stimuli is unlikely

Question 19

A researcher records the amount of light it takes to detect a small visual stimulus in a dark room.Luminance is the variable being measured and may be thought of here as physical energy.What level of measurement is most likely involved in making this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio 
A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio

Question 20

A test is valid if it

Accepted Answer

A)  measures what it is supposed to measure 
B)  gives the same result on different occasions 
C)  correlates positively with a reliable test 
D)  b and c 
A)  measures what it is supposed to measure 
B)  gives the same result on different occasions 
C)  correlates positively with a reliable test 
D)  b and c

Face validity is

The term variable may best be defined as a

The idea that a test appears to be measuring what it is supposed to be measuring relates to

In within-subjects designs (subject experiences all stimuli in one session)it is important

The term measurement may best be defined as

Which one of the following statements does not contain both an independent and dependent variable?

Systematic error is

Which one of the following represents a discrete variable?

Which one of the following independent variables represents a categorical variable?

Which one of the following variables represents a quantitative variable?

Which one of the following represents a continuous variable?

Consider the following title of a research study: "The effect of physical distance on ratings of attraction." In this study the dependent variable is

Which one of the following is an example of a ratio level of measurement?

The extent to which scores on a test can be used to predict an individual's likely standing on some other test relates to

Professor Smith studied the effect of giving either two,four,or eight pellets of reward to rats that ran a maze.He measured how fast they ran,and how many wrong turns they made.How many levels of the independent variable did he have?

Which one of the following is an example of a nominal level of measurement?

When choosing the levels of the independent variable,it is important

A researcher records the amount of light it takes to detect a small visual stimulus in a dark room.Luminance is the variable being measured and may be thought of here as physical energy.What level of measurement is most likely involved in making this observation?

A test is valid if it

Psychology and Science

Developing a Research Question

Ethics in Research

Writing in Psychology

Tabular and Graphical Description of Data

Validity

Control

Nonexperimental Research, part 1: Observational, archival, and Case-Study Research

Nonexperimental Research, part 2: Survey Research

True Experiments, part 1: Single-Factor Designs

True Experiments, part 2: Factorial Designs

Single-Subject Experiments

Quasi Experiments

Biases and Limitations of Experimental Psychology

Filters

Exam 5: Variables

Face validity is

The term variable may best be defined as a

The idea that a test appears to be measuring what it is supposed to be measuring relates to

In within-subjects designs (subject experiences all stimuli in one session)it is important

The term measurement may best be defined as

Which one of the following statements does not contain both an independent and dependent variable?

Systematic error is

Which one of the following represents a discrete variable?

Which one of the following independent variables represents a categorical variable?

Which one of the following variables represents a quantitative variable?

Which one of the following represents a continuous variable?

Consider the following title of a research study: "The effect of physical distance on ratings of attraction." In this study the dependent variable is

Which one of the following is an example of a ratio level of measurement?

The extent to which scores on a test can be used to predict an individual's likely standing on some other test relates to

Professor Smith studied the effect of giving either two,four,or eight pellets of reward to rats that ran a maze.He measured how fast they ran,and how many wrong turns they made.How many levels of the independent variable did he have?

Which one of the following is an example of a nominal level of measurement?

When choosing the levels of the independent variable,it is important

A researcher records the amount of light it takes to detect a small visual stimulus in a dark room.Luminance is the variable being measured and may be thought of here as physical energy.What level of measurement is most likely involved in making this observation?

A test is valid if it

Psychology and Science

Developing a Research Question

Ethics in Research

Writing in Psychology

Tabular and Graphical Description of Data

Validity

Control

Nonexperimental Research, part 1: Observational, archival, and Case-Study Research

Nonexperimental Research, part 2: Survey Research

True Experiments, part 1: Single-Factor Designs

True Experiments, part 2: Factorial Designs

Single-Subject Experiments

Quasi Experiments

Biases and Limitations of Experimental Psychology

Filters