Question 1

Stratum endogamy is restricted to chiefdoms, wherein chiefs occupied a formal elite stratum in society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Modern hunter-gatherers should not be seen as representative of Stone Age peoples, all of whom were also foragers.Why?

Accepted Answer

Modern hunter-gatherers should not be se

Question 3

Contrast the Inuit and Yanomami with respect to their reasons for disputes, the effectiveness of their means of resolving disputes, and how they enforce decisions about resolving disputes.

Accepted Answer

The Inuit and Yanomami have different re

Question 4

Status in chiefdoms and states is based primarily on differential access to resources.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In which of the following forms of political organization is it most likely that the most important leaders will acquire their positions based upon personal background or ability, rather than heredity?

Accepted Answer

A) tribal societies 
B) feudal states 
C) imagined communities 
D) chiefdoms 
E) agrarian, preindustrial states 
A) tribal societies 
B) feudal states 
C) imagined communities 
D) chiefdoms 
E) agrarian, preindustrial states

Question 6

Tribal societies, which are typically organized by village life or membership in descent groups, tend to be egalitarian.However, egalitarianism diminishes

Accepted Answer

A) as tribal leaders gain too much power and start to put it to use to buy favors. 
B) as village size and population density increase. 
C) as the village head's family grows. 
D) the closer one is to the big man's wife. 
E) as the overall population ages. 
A) as tribal leaders gain too much power and start to put it to use to buy favors. 
B) as village size and population density increase. 
C) as the village head's family grows. 
D) the closer one is to the big man's wife. 
E) as the overall population ages.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about nonstate societies is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Warfare is conducted by professional armies. 
B) Political institutions are maintained totally separate from economic institutions. 
C) Social control is maintained mostly through physical coercion. 
D) Economic, political, and religious activities are often embedded in one another. 
E) All political power is based on religion. 
A) Warfare is conducted by professional armies. 
B) Political institutions are maintained totally separate from economic institutions. 
C) Social control is maintained mostly through physical coercion. 
D) Economic, political, and religious activities are often embedded in one another. 
E) All political power is based on religion.

Question 8

The Qashqai and Basseri peoples are examples of nomadic foragers who live in modern-day Iran.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

States are complex systems of sociopolitical organization that aim to control and administer everything from conflict resolution to fiscal systems to population movements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following statements about political leaders in foraging bands is true?

Accepted Answer

A) They maintain power by keeping up strong ties with the commoner class. 
B) They have inherited special access to strategic resources. 
C) They maintain control by conquering foreign territories. 
D) They have no means of forcing people to follow their decisions. 
E) They are the most dominant males in the largest, most powerful descent group. 
A) They maintain power by keeping up strong ties with the commoner class. 
B) They have inherited special access to strategic resources. 
C) They maintain control by conquering foreign territories. 
D) They have no means of forcing people to follow their decisions. 
E) They are the most dominant males in the largest, most powerful descent group.

Question 11

The key difference between a village head and a big man is that the big man has supporters in many villages, whereas the supporters of the village head are restricted to his respective village.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Kottak prefers the term sociopolitical organization to Morton Fried's term political organization in discussing the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives, because

Accepted Answer

A) the term sociopolitical is more politically correct. 
B) anthropologists and political scientists have an interest in political systems and organization, but they cannot agree on the same terminology. 
C) sociopolitical is the term the founders of anthropology used to refer to the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives. 
D) the term political refers only to contemporary Western states. 
E) Fried's definition is much less applicable to nonstates, in which it is often difficult to detect any public policy. 
A) the term sociopolitical is more politically correct. 
B) anthropologists and political scientists have an interest in political systems and organization, but they cannot agree on the same terminology. 
C) sociopolitical is the term the founders of anthropology used to refer to the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives. 
D) the term political refers only to contemporary Western states. 
E) Fried's definition is much less applicable to nonstates, in which it is often difficult to detect any public policy.

Question 13

Contrast two of the following as political regulators:

Accepted Answer

A)  sodalities based on age and gender; 
B)  village headmen; 
C)  village councils; 
D)  big men; and 
E)  pantribal sodalities. 
A)  sodalities based on age and gender; 
B)  village headmen; 
C)  village councils; 
D)  big men; and 
E)  pantribal sodalities.

Question 14

Discuss ways in which order is maintained in societies that lack chiefs and rulers.

Accepted Answer

In societies that lack chiefs and rulers

Question 15

Why is it important to remember that the chiefdom and the state, like many categories used by social scientists, are ideal types?

Accepted Answer

A) They distinguish political and sociopolitical analyses among social scientists. 
B) They are useless in sociopolitical analysis. 
C) They represent social goals that politicians should strive to achieve. 
D) They are labels that make social contrasts seem sharper than they really are. 
E) They ensure that the field of anthropology remains more scientific. 
A) They distinguish political and sociopolitical analyses among social scientists. 
B) They are useless in sociopolitical analysis. 
C) They represent social goals that politicians should strive to achieve. 
D) They are labels that make social contrasts seem sharper than they really are. 
E) They ensure that the field of anthropology remains more scientific.

Question 16

How does one distinguish between a chiefdom and a state? Is this a useful distinction? Is it always easy to make such a distinction?

Accepted Answer

A chiefdom and a state can be distinguis

Question 17

Which of the following is the most important factor in determining an individual's power and prestige in a state?

Accepted Answer

A) personality 
B) ancestry 
C) speaking ability 
D) anthropomorphism 
E) physical size 
A) personality 
B) ancestry 
C) speaking ability 
D) anthropomorphism 
E) physical size

Question 18

Modern foragers are not Stone Age relics, living fossils, lost tribes, or noble savages.Still, to the extent that foraging has been the basis of their subsistence, contemporary and recent hunter-gatherers

Accepted Answer

A) are the closest we can come to studying true human nature. 
B) illustrate links between foraging economies and the emergence of social stratification. 
C) suggest that the most basic motive driving human survival is the need for power. 
D) can illustrate links between foraging economies and other aspects of society and culture, such as their sociopolitical organization. 
E) illustrate the social precursors to hegemony. 
A) are the closest we can come to studying true human nature. 
B) illustrate links between foraging economies and the emergence of social stratification. 
C) suggest that the most basic motive driving human survival is the need for power. 
D) can illustrate links between foraging economies and other aspects of society and culture, such as their sociopolitical organization. 
E) illustrate the social precursors to hegemony.

Question 19

Since bands lack formalized law, they have no way of settling disputes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A comparison between the Basseri and Qashqai, two Iranian nomadic tribes, illustrates how as regulatory problems increase,

Accepted Answer

A) pastoralists are less likely to interact with other populations in the same space and time. 
B) rules regarding crime and punishment become more severe. 
C) political hierarchies become more complex. 
D) age sets begin to disintegrate. 
E) silence becomes the best strategy for avoiding conflict. 
A) pastoralists are less likely to interact with other populations in the same space and time. 
B) rules regarding crime and punishment become more severe. 
C) political hierarchies become more complex. 
D) age sets begin to disintegrate. 
E) silence becomes the best strategy for avoiding conflict.

Stratum endogamy is restricted to chiefdoms, wherein chiefs occupied a formal elite stratum in society.

Modern hunter-gatherers should not be seen as representative of Stone Age peoples, all of whom were also foragers.Why?

Contrast the Inuit and Yanomami with respect to their reasons for disputes, the effectiveness of their means of resolving disputes, and how they enforce decisions about resolving disputes.

Status in chiefdoms and states is based primarily on differential access to resources.

In which of the following forms of political organization is it most likely that the most important leaders will acquire their positions based upon personal background or ability, rather than heredity?

Tribal societies, which are typically organized by village life or membership in descent groups, tend to be egalitarian.However, egalitarianism diminishes

Which of the following statements about nonstate societies is true?

The Qashqai and Basseri peoples are examples of nomadic foragers who live in modern-day Iran.

States are complex systems of sociopolitical organization that aim to control and administer everything from conflict resolution to fiscal systems to population movements.

Which of the following statements about political leaders in foraging bands is true?

The key difference between a village head and a big man is that the big man has supporters in many villages, whereas the supporters of the village head are restricted to his respective village.

Kottak prefers the term sociopolitical organization to Morton Fried's term political organization in discussing the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives, because

Contrast two of the following as political regulators:

Discuss ways in which order is maintained in societies that lack chiefs and rulers.

Why is it important to remember that the chiefdom and the state, like many categories used by social scientists, are ideal types?

How does one distinguish between a chiefdom and a state? Is this a useful distinction? Is it always easy to make such a distinction?

Which of the following is the most important factor in determining an individual's power and prestige in a state?

Modern foragers are not Stone Age relics, living fossils, lost tribes, or noble savages.Still, to the extent that foraging has been the basis of their subsistence, contemporary and recent hunter-gatherers

Since bands lack formalized law, they have no way of settling disputes.

A comparison between the Basseri and Qashqai, two Iranian nomadic tribes, illustrates how as regulatory problems increase,

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Applying Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Making a Living

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

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Exam 8: Political Systems

Stratum endogamy is restricted to chiefdoms, wherein chiefs occupied a formal elite stratum in society.

Modern hunter-gatherers should not be seen as representative of Stone Age peoples, all of whom were also foragers.Why?

Contrast the Inuit and Yanomami with respect to their reasons for disputes, the effectiveness of their means of resolving disputes, and how they enforce decisions about resolving disputes.

Status in chiefdoms and states is based primarily on differential access to resources.

In which of the following forms of political organization is it most likely that the most important leaders will acquire their positions based upon personal background or ability, rather than heredity?

Tribal societies, which are typically organized by village life or membership in descent groups, tend to be egalitarian.However, egalitarianism diminishes

Which of the following statements about nonstate societies is true?

The Qashqai and Basseri peoples are examples of nomadic foragers who live in modern-day Iran.

States are complex systems of sociopolitical organization that aim to control and administer everything from conflict resolution to fiscal systems to population movements.

Which of the following statements about political leaders in foraging bands is true?

The key difference between a village head and a big man is that the big man has supporters in many villages, whereas the supporters of the village head are restricted to his respective village.

Kottak prefers the term sociopolitical organization to Morton Fried's term political organization in discussing the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives, because

Contrast two of the following as political regulators:

Discuss ways in which order is maintained in societies that lack chiefs and rulers.

Why is it important to remember that the chiefdom and the state, like many categories used by social scientists, are ideal types?

How does one distinguish between a chiefdom and a state? Is this a useful distinction? Is it always easy to make such a distinction?

Which of the following is the most important factor in determining an individual's power and prestige in a state?

Modern foragers are not Stone Age relics, living fossils, lost tribes, or noble savages.Still, to the extent that foraging has been the basis of their subsistence, contemporary and recent hunter-gatherers

Since bands lack formalized law, they have no way of settling disputes.

A comparison between the Basseri and Qashqai, two Iranian nomadic tribes, illustrates how as regulatory problems increase,

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Applying Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Making a Living

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters