Question 1

Which of the following was the major technique used by Pierre Flourens in his attempts to refute phrenological theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental ablations from the brains of animals 
B)  careful observation of brain-injured human patients 
C)  observation of human patients recovering from brain surgery 
D)  electrical stimulation of different parts of animals' brains 
A)  experimental ablations from the brains of animals 
B)  careful observation of brain-injured human patients 
C)  observation of human patients recovering from brain surgery 
D)  electrical stimulation of different parts of animals' brains A

Question 2

The electrical stimulation of a conscious human brain by Bartholow in 1874:

Accepted Answer

A)  was performed on a retarded patient who did not understand what was happening to her. 
B)  produced painful sensations and convulsions in the patient. 
C)  was terminated sooner than planned because of the death of the patient. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  was performed on a retarded patient who did not understand what was happening to her. 
B)  produced painful sensations and convulsions in the patient. 
C)  was terminated sooner than planned because of the death of the patient. 
D)  all of the above D

Question 3

_________ was an earlier proponent of the plasticity and equipotentiality of the brain who directly influenced Karl Lashley's research on the subject.

Accepted Answer

A)  John B. Watson 
B)  Shepherd Ivory Franz 
C)  Wilder Penfield 
D)  Donald Hebb 
A)  John B. Watson 
B)  Shepherd Ivory Franz 
C)  Wilder Penfield 
D)  Donald Hebb B

Question 4

In the famous case of Tan,the lesion responsible for his aphasia apparently began in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  right temporal lobe, near Gall's organ of acquisitiveness. 
B)  right occipital (rear) lobe, near Gall's organ of language. 
C)  left frontal lobe, near Gall's organ of verbal memory. 
D)  cerebellum, Gall's organ of amativeness. 
A)  right temporal lobe, near Gall's organ of acquisitiveness. 
B)  right occipital (rear) lobe, near Gall's organ of language. 
C)  left frontal lobe, near Gall's organ of verbal memory. 
D)  cerebellum, Gall's organ of amativeness.

Question 5

The major deficit of Milner's patient H.M.was that he:

Accepted Answer

A)  could understand language, but could not remember comprehension. 
B)  could not transfer information from working memory to long-term storage. 
C)  could not access his procedural memory. 
D)  could access his declarative memory much faster than normal people. 
A)  could understand language, but could not remember comprehension. 
B)  could not transfer information from working memory to long-term storage. 
C)  could not access his procedural memory. 
D)  could access his declarative memory much faster than normal people.

Question 6

Which of the following assumptions was an error of Gall's in his phrenological theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Specific psychological functions may be localized in specific brain parts. 
B)  The shape of the skull accurately reflects the shape of the brain lying beneath. 
C)  The language function is localized near the front of the cortex. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Specific psychological functions may be localized in specific brain parts. 
B)  The shape of the skull accurately reflects the shape of the brain lying beneath. 
C)  The language function is localized near the front of the cortex. 
D)  all of the above

Question 7

One should be cautious in interpreting Penfield's "experiential responses" as evidence for the localization of memory because of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Experiential responses are more vivid and lifelike than ordinary memories. 
B)  The effect of electrical stimulation may be to inhibit rather than to excite the normal functioning of cortical neurons. 
C)  both a and b above 
D)  none of the above 
A)  Experiential responses are more vivid and lifelike than ordinary memories. 
B)  The effect of electrical stimulation may be to inhibit rather than to excite the normal functioning of cortical neurons. 
C)  both a and b above 
D)  none of the above

Question 8

Milner's discoveries about differing memory systems represented part of the development of which emerging field of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clinical psychology 
B)  Cognitive psychology 
C)  Developmental psychology 
D)  Evolutionary psychology 
A)  Clinical psychology 
B)  Cognitive psychology 
C)  Developmental psychology 
D)  Evolutionary psychology

Question 9

Flourens's conception of the brain emphasized:

Accepted Answer

A)  specific actions propres in large subdivisions of the brain. 
B)  cooperative action commune among the different brain parts. 
C)  the localization of sensory functions in specific parts of the brain. 
D)  both a and b 
A)  specific actions propres in large subdivisions of the brain. 
B)  cooperative action commune among the different brain parts. 
C)  the localization of sensory functions in specific parts of the brain. 
D)  both a and b

Question 10

Why was Donald O.Hebb's seminal work entitled The Organization of Behavior (1949)important?

Accepted Answer

A)  It related learning and other behavior to the hypothetical functioning of "neurological networks." 
B)  It confirmed many of the localization theories previously put forth by Broca and Wernicke. 
C)  It confirmed Penfield's epilepsy theories. 
D)  It related sensation and perception to the hypothetical functioning of "neurological networks." 
A)  It related learning and other behavior to the hypothetical functioning of "neurological networks." 
B)  It confirmed many of the localization theories previously put forth by Broca and Wernicke. 
C)  It confirmed Penfield's epilepsy theories. 
D)  It related sensation and perception to the hypothetical functioning of "neurological networks."

Question 11

Damage to Wernicke's area produces:

Accepted Answer

A)  inability to understand the spoken words of others or oneself. 
B)  mispronunciation in one's own speech. 
C)  inability to utter declarative sentences. 
D)  both a and babove 
A)  inability to understand the spoken words of others or oneself. 
B)  mispronunciation in one's own speech. 
C)  inability to utter declarative sentences. 
D)  both a and babove

Question 12

If the brain's language areas are damaged in infancy:

Accepted Answer

A)  language functions may develop normally, nonetheless. 
B)  language functions are unlikely to ever develop. 
C)  there may be partial recovery, but less than for similar injuries in adults. 
D)  specialized deficits such as stuttering may result. 
A)  language functions may develop normally, nonetheless. 
B)  language functions are unlikely to ever develop. 
C)  there may be partial recovery, but less than for similar injuries in adults. 
D)  specialized deficits such as stuttering may result.

Question 13

Karl Lashley tried to test the localization of memory hypothesis by observing the effects of ablations on:

Accepted Answer

A)  the natural behavior of birds. 
B)  human beings suffering from incurable diseases. 
C)  rats who had previously learned to run mazes. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  the natural behavior of birds. 
B)  human beings suffering from incurable diseases. 
C)  rats who had previously learned to run mazes. 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

Milner's work with H.M.led her to contribute which major new idea to memory research?

Accepted Answer

A)  There were multiple but integrated memory systems. 
B)  Short-term memory lasted longer than previously thought. 
C)  Working memory and long-term memory were really the same thing. 
D)  Information cannot be transferred from long-term to short-term memory. 
A)  There were multiple but integrated memory systems. 
B)  Short-term memory lasted longer than previously thought. 
C)  Working memory and long-term memory were really the same thing. 
D)  Information cannot be transferred from long-term to short-term memory.

Question 15

David Ferrier discovered he could produce fast movements in the eyes of monkeys,as if they were looking at something,when he stimulated the:

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory strip, immediately behind the motor strip. 
B)  visual center, in the occipital (rear) lobe of the cortex. 
C)  visual center, in the frontal lobe of the cortex. 
D)  either a or b above 
A)  sensory strip, immediately behind the motor strip. 
B)  visual center, in the occipital (rear) lobe of the cortex. 
C)  visual center, in the frontal lobe of the cortex. 
D)  either a or b above

Question 16

Fritsch and Hitzig inaugurated the new era in brain research when they electrically stimulated the cortex of a dog in 1870. The functional area they discovered when they did so was the:

Accepted Answer

A)  auditory area. 
B)  visual area. 
C)  motor strip. 
D)  both a and b above 
A)  auditory area. 
B)  visual area. 
C)  motor strip. 
D)  both a and b above

Question 17

The discovery of several different sensory and motor regions of the brain in the 1870s proved that:

Accepted Answer

A)  there was more localization of function than Flourens had believed, but it was of a different kind from that hypothesized by phrenologists. 
B)  the brain acts as a unit, as postulated by Flourens's theory of action commune. 
C)  many phrenological localizations had been surprisingly accurate. 
D)  it was futile to expect to learn anything from ablation studies. 
A)  there was more localization of function than Flourens had believed, but it was of a different kind from that hypothesized by phrenologists. 
B)  the brain acts as a unit, as postulated by Flourens's theory of action commune. 
C)  many phrenological localizations had been surprisingly accurate. 
D)  it was futile to expect to learn anything from ablation studies.

Question 18

Penfield showed that auditory hallucinations such as Beethoven symphonies or complete conversations could be produced by stimulating the:

Accepted Answer

A)  interpretive cortex. 
B)  sensory strip. 
C)  primary auditory area. 
D)  secondary auditory area. 
A)  interpretive cortex. 
B)  sensory strip. 
C)  primary auditory area. 
D)  secondary auditory area.

Question 19

A rare condition in which patients' only linguistic symptoms are frequent mispronunciations and an inability to repeat back what has been said to them is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Broca's aphasia. 
B)  sensory aphasia. 
C)  conduction aphasia. 
D)  oral aphasia. 
A)  Broca's aphasia. 
B)  sensory aphasia. 
C)  conduction aphasia. 
D)  oral aphasia.

Question 20

What is the term for the brain's neural plasticity,in which healthy areas have the ability to take over the functions of damaged areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  experientiality 
B)  equipotentiality 
C)  physiognomy 
D)  ablation 
A)  experientiality 
B)  equipotentiality 
C)  physiognomy 
D)  ablation

Which of the following was the major technique used by Pierre Flourens in his attempts to refute phrenological theory?

The electrical stimulation of a conscious human brain by Bartholow in 1874:

_________ was an earlier proponent of the plasticity and equipotentiality of the brain who directly influenced Karl Lashley's research on the subject.

In the famous case of Tan,the lesion responsible for his aphasia apparently began in the:

The major deficit of Milner's patient H.M.was that he:

Which of the following assumptions was an error of Gall's in his phrenological theory?

One should be cautious in interpreting Penfield's "experiential responses" as evidence for the localization of memory because of which of the following?

Milner's discoveries about differing memory systems represented part of the development of which emerging field of psychology?

Flourens's conception of the brain emphasized:

Why was Donald O.Hebb's seminal work entitled The Organization of Behavior (1949)important?

Damage to Wernicke's area produces:

If the brain's language areas are damaged in infancy:

Karl Lashley tried to test the localization of memory hypothesis by observing the effects of ablations on:

Milner's work with H.M.led her to contribute which major new idea to memory research?

David Ferrier discovered he could produce fast movements in the eyes of monkeys,as if they were looking at something,when he stimulated the:

Fritsch and Hitzig inaugurated the new era in brain research when they electrically stimulated the cortex of a dog in 1870. The functional area they discovered when they did so was the:

The discovery of several different sensory and motor regions of the brain in the 1870s proved that:

Penfield showed that auditory hallucinations such as Beethoven symphonies or complete conversations could be produced by stimulating the:

A rare condition in which patients' only linguistic symptoms are frequent mispronunciations and an inability to repeat back what has been said to them is called:

What is the term for the brain's neural plasticity,in which healthy areas have the ability to take over the functions of damaged areas?

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes,Locke,and Leibniz

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov,Watson,and Skinner

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets "Personality": Allport,Maslow,and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet,Piaget,and the Study of Intelligence

Minds,Machines,and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

Filters

Exam 3: Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

Which of the following was the major technique used by Pierre Flourens in his attempts to refute phrenological theory?

The electrical stimulation of a conscious human brain by Bartholow in 1874:

_________ was an earlier proponent of the plasticity and equipotentiality of the brain who directly influenced Karl Lashley's research on the subject.

In the famous case of Tan,the lesion responsible for his aphasia apparently began in the:

The major deficit of Milner's patient H.M.was that he:

Which of the following assumptions was an error of Gall's in his phrenological theory?

One should be cautious in interpreting Penfield's "experiential responses" as evidence for the localization of memory because of which of the following?

Milner's discoveries about differing memory systems represented part of the development of which emerging field of psychology?

Flourens's conception of the brain emphasized:

Why was Donald O.Hebb's seminal work entitled The Organization of Behavior (1949)important?

Damage to Wernicke's area produces:

If the brain's language areas are damaged in infancy:

Karl Lashley tried to test the localization of memory hypothesis by observing the effects of ablations on:

Milner's work with H.M.led her to contribute which major new idea to memory research?

David Ferrier discovered he could produce fast movements in the eyes of monkeys,as if they were looking at something,when he stimulated the:

Fritsch and Hitzig inaugurated the new era in brain research when they electrically stimulated the cortex of a dog in 1870. The functional area they discovered when they did so was the:

The discovery of several different sensory and motor regions of the brain in the 1870s proved that:

Penfield showed that auditory hallucinations such as Beethoven symphonies or complete conversations could be produced by stimulating the:

A rare condition in which patients' only linguistic symptoms are frequent mispronunciations and an inability to repeat back what has been said to them is called:

What is the term for the brain's neural plasticity,in which healthy areas have the ability to take over the functions of damaged areas?

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes,Locke,and Leibniz

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov,Watson,and Skinner

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets "Personality": Allport,Maslow,and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet,Piaget,and the Study of Intelligence

Minds,Machines,and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

Filters