Question 1

According to the Abbé Guillaume Thomas François Raynal,the one event that had a profound impact on Europeans was:

Accepted Answer

A)  the legal decision in the Calas case. 
B)  the discovery of the New World. 
C)  the trial of Galileo Galilei. 
D)  the fall of the Roman Empire. 
E)  the publication of Copernicus's theory. 
A)  the legal decision in the Calas case. 
B)  the discovery of the New World. 
C)  the trial of Galileo Galilei. 
D)  the fall of the Roman Empire. 
E)  the publication of Copernicus's theory.

Question 2

What new "learned societies" were formed in the eighteenth century,and what was their role in Enlightenment society and government?

Accepted Answer

New societies emerged,such as the Americ

Question 3

Unlike the writers of the scientific revolution,the Enlightenment writers wrote for large audiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The eighteenth century saw the birth of a new literary genre,the novel,and the growing acceptance of women as authors.The most famous woman from this period,as recognized today,was the English novelist:

Accepted Answer

A)  George Eliot. 
B)  George Sand. 
C)  Moll Flanders. 
D)  Jane Austen. 
E)  Mary Ann Evans. 
A)  George Eliot. 
B)  George Sand. 
C)  Moll Flanders. 
D)  Jane Austen. 
E)  Mary Ann Evans.

Question 5

Literacy rates were highest in the country where industry was slower and communities were closer to enable education and the borrowing of books.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

One philosophe organization,founded by Warville de Brissot,which called for the abolition of slavery was:

Accepted Answer

A)  the Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 
B)  the International League of Abolitionists. 
C)  the League for the Union of all Humanity. 
D)  the Society of Friends of Blacks. 
E)  the Society of the Friends of Slaves. 
A)  the Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 
B)  the International League of Abolitionists. 
C)  the League for the Union of all Humanity. 
D)  the Society of Friends of Blacks. 
E)  the Society of the Friends of Slaves.

Question 7

Although the philosophes condemned slavery,they did not argue for its immediate abolition and used many different means of avoiding the issue.One of their number,_________,exposed the hypocrisy of this approach by wondering how the Europeans would view slavery if they themselves were being enslaved.

Accepted Answer

A)  Baron de Montesquieu 
B)  Denis Diderot 
C)  Voltaire 
D)  Jean Calas 
E)  Moses Mendelssohn 
A)  Baron de Montesquieu 
B)  Denis Diderot 
C)  Voltaire 
D)  Jean Calas 
E)  Moses Mendelssohn

Question 8

Mary Wollstonecraft believed that equality laid the basis for virtue and thus argued that society ought to seek "the perfection of our nature and capability of:

Accepted Answer

A)  order." 
B)  affection." 
C)  redemption." 
D)  happiness." 
E)  peace." 
A)  order." 
B)  affection." 
C)  redemption." 
D)  happiness." 
E)  peace."

Question 9

Unlike the French physiocrats who believed that the wealth of a nation came from the land and agricultural production,Adam Smith believed that the wealth of a nation came from its:

Accepted Answer

A)  gold and silver. 
B)  labor. 
C)  natural resources. 
D)  trade. 
E)  slaves. 
A)  gold and silver. 
B)  labor. 
C)  natural resources. 
D)  trade. 
E)  slaves.

Question 10

Although much admired in many segments of the population,Voltaire's forthrightness kept him in trouble and even got him a short stay in prison in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fontainebleau. 
B)  Bastille. 
C)  Frontenac. 
D)  Louvre. 
E)  le Havre. 
A)  Fontainebleau. 
B)  Bastille. 
C)  Frontenac. 
D)  Louvre. 
E)  le Havre.

Question 11

In his novel Emile,Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that:

Accepted Answer

A)  children are by nature good and are equal in their capacity to learn. 
B)  children should be taught to use reason very early in life. 
C)  women ought to have the same education as men. 
D)  the state should be responsible for creating an elaborate system of public education. 
E)  children are selfish by nature and need to be restrained and taught by rote. 
A)  children are by nature good and are equal in their capacity to learn. 
B)  children should be taught to use reason very early in life. 
C)  women ought to have the same education as men. 
D)  the state should be responsible for creating an elaborate system of public education. 
E)  children are selfish by nature and need to be restrained and taught by rote.

Question 12

In The Spirit of the Laws,Baron de Montesquieu argued:

Accepted Answer

A)  that all political institutions ought to conform to environmental conditions. 
B)  that Christianity was solely responsible for the fall of the Roman Empire. 
C)  that the government that governs least governs best of all. 
D)  in favor of the separation and balancing of the powers of government. 
E)  in favor of a strong monarchy balanced by a strong nobility. 
A)  that all political institutions ought to conform to environmental conditions. 
B)  that Christianity was solely responsible for the fall of the Roman Empire. 
C)  that the government that governs least governs best of all. 
D)  in favor of the separation and balancing of the powers of government. 
E)  in favor of a strong monarchy balanced by a strong nobility.

Question 13

Although the majority of the philosophes held relatively disparaging views of Judaism,_________,a German philosopher,was a notable exception.

Accepted Answer

A)  Felix Mendelssohn 
B)  Gotthold Lessing 
C)  Alexander von Humboldt 
D)  Immanuel Kant 
E)  Paul Henri d'Holbach 
A)  Felix Mendelssohn 
B)  Gotthold Lessing 
C)  Alexander von Humboldt 
D)  Immanuel Kant 
E)  Paul Henri d'Holbach

Question 14

_________ was a Jewish philosopher who argued that religion should be voluntary,that secular states should promote tolerance,and that progress for everyone would come through humanitarianism.

Accepted Answer

A)  Baruch Espinoza 
B)  Moses Mendelssohn 
C)  Nathan Lessing 
D)  Alexander von Humboldt 
E)  Felix Mendelssohn 
A)  Baruch Espinoza 
B)  Moses Mendelssohn 
C)  Nathan Lessing 
D)  Alexander von Humboldt 
E)  Felix Mendelssohn

Question 15

A primary concern of the Enlightenment was:

Accepted Answer

A)  the danger of arbitrary and unchecked authority. 
B)  the value of religious toleration. 
C)  the overriding importance of law. 
D)  the importance of reason in all affairs. 
E)  all of these 
A)  the danger of arbitrary and unchecked authority. 
B)  the value of religious toleration. 
C)  the overriding importance of law. 
D)  the importance of reason in all affairs. 
E)  all of these

Exam 17: The Enlightenment

According to the Abbé Guillaume Thomas François Raynal,the one event that had a profound impact on Europeans was:

What new "learned societies" were formed in the eighteenth century,and what was their role in Enlightenment society and government?

Unlike the writers of the scientific revolution,the Enlightenment writers wrote for large audiences.

The eighteenth century saw the birth of a new literary genre,the novel,and the growing acceptance of women as authors.The most famous woman from this period,as recognized today,was the English novelist:

Literacy rates were highest in the country where industry was slower and communities were closer to enable education and the borrowing of books.

One philosophe organization,founded by Warville de Brissot,which called for the abolition of slavery was:

Mary Wollstonecraft believed that equality laid the basis for virtue and thus argued that society ought to seek "the perfection of our nature and capability of:

Unlike the French physiocrats who believed that the wealth of a nation came from the land and agricultural production,Adam Smith believed that the wealth of a nation came from its:

Although much admired in many segments of the population,Voltaire's forthrightness kept him in trouble and even got him a short stay in prison in the:

In his novel Emile,Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that:

In The Spirit of the Laws,Baron de Montesquieu argued:

Although the majority of the philosophes held relatively disparaging views of Judaism,_________,a German philosopher,was a notable exception.

_________ was a Jewish philosopher who argued that religion should be voluntary,that secular states should promote tolerance,and that progress for everyone would come through humanitarianism.

A primary concern of the Enlightenment was:

Early Civilizations

Peoples,Gods,and Empires: 1700–500 B.C.E

The Civilization of Greece,1000–400 B.C.E

The Greek World Expands,400–150 B.C.E

The Civilization of Ancient Rome

The Transformation of Rome

Rome’s Three Heirs: 500–950

The Expansion of Europe,950–1100

The Consolidation of Europe,1100–1300

Crisis,Unrest,and Opportunity,1300–1500

Commerce,Conquest,and Colonization,1300–1600

Renaissance Ideals and Realities,c.1350–1550

The Age of Dissent and Division,1500–1600

Religion,Warfare,and Sovereignty: 1540–1660

Absolutism and Empire,1660–1789

The New Science of the Seventeenth Century

The French Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-Century Society

From Restoration to Revolution,1815–1848

What Is a Nation? Territories,States,and Citizens,1848–1871

Imperialism and Colonialism,1870–1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics,1870–1914

The First World War

Turmoil between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics,Economic Recovery,and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: The End of the Cold War,1960–1990

A World without Walls: Globalization and the West

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