Question 1

Describe what usually happens to a hot solution that is saturated with a solid as it cools.

Accepted Answer

A) The solid that is dissolved comes out of the solution completely. 
B) The solid stays in the solution. 
C) Some of the solid comes out of the solution. 
D) The solution freezes. 
E) The solution solidifies. 
A) The solid that is dissolved comes out of the solution completely. 
B) The solid stays in the solution. 
C) Some of the solid comes out of the solution. 
D) The solution freezes. 
E) The solution solidifies.

Question 2

How are intermolecular forces and solubility related?

Accepted Answer

A) Solubility depends on the solvent's ability to overcome the intermolecular forces in a solid. 
B) Solubility depends on the solute's ability to overcome the intermolecular forces in the solvent. 
C) Solubility is a measure of how strong a solvent's intermolecular forces are. 
D) Solubility is a measure of how weak the intermolecular forces in the solute are. 
E) none of the above 
A) Solubility depends on the solvent's ability to overcome the intermolecular forces in a solid. 
B) Solubility depends on the solute's ability to overcome the intermolecular forces in the solvent. 
C) Solubility is a measure of how strong a solvent's intermolecular forces are. 
D) Solubility is a measure of how weak the intermolecular forces in the solute are. 
E) none of the above

Question 3

Might reverse osmosis be used to obtain fresh water from a sugar-water solution?

Accepted Answer

A) No,osmosis and reverse osmosis only apply to aqueous solutions containing ions. 
B) Yes,reverse osmosis can be applied to any aqueous solution for the generation of fresh water. 
C) No,the molecular attractions between sugar and water are too strong. 
D) Yes,because sugar molecules are smaller than sodium or chloride ions. 
A) No,osmosis and reverse osmosis only apply to aqueous solutions containing ions. 
B) Yes,reverse osmosis can be applied to any aqueous solution for the generation of fresh water. 
C) No,the molecular attractions between sugar and water are too strong. 
D) Yes,because sugar molecules are smaller than sodium or chloride ions.

Question 4

Which of the following boxes represents a suspension?       A B C

Accepted Answer

A) Only A represents a suspension. 
B) Only B represents a suspension. 
C) Only C represents a suspension. 
D) Each of these could represent a submicroscopic portion of a suspension. 
A) Only A represents a suspension. 
B) Only B represents a suspension. 
C) Only C represents a suspension. 
D) Each of these could represent a submicroscopic portion of a suspension.

Question 5

Which of the following is a pure substance?

Accepted Answer

A) baking soda 
B) salt water 
C) cooking oil 
D) duct tape 
E) orange juice 
A) baking soda 
B) salt water 
C) cooking oil 
D) duct tape 
E) orange juice

Question 6

A sample of steel is composed of 5 percent carbon and 95 percent iron.Which is the solvent?

Accepted Answer

A) iron 
B) carbon 
C) steel 
D) Steel is not a solution,it is a mixture. 
E) A solid cannot be a solvent. 
A) iron 
B) carbon 
C) steel 
D) Steel is not a solution,it is a mixture. 
E) A solid cannot be a solvent.

Question 7

Which of the following describes the term concentration?

Accepted Answer

A) It is what you are doing now to answer this question. 
B) It is the amount of solute in a given amount of solution. 
C) It is the amount of solvent in a given amount of solution. 
D) It is the given amount of solution in a given container. 
E) It is the given amount of solvent per amount of solute. 
A) It is what you are doing now to answer this question. 
B) It is the amount of solute in a given amount of solution. 
C) It is the amount of solvent in a given amount of solution. 
D) It is the given amount of solution in a given container. 
E) It is the given amount of solvent per amount of solute.

Question 8

Many dry cereals are fortified with iron,which is added to the cereal in the form of small iron particles.How might these particles be separated from the cereal?

Accepted Answer

A) add water and the iron particles will float to the top 
B) blend the cereal to a fine consistency and pass through a filter 
C) collect the iron filings with a magnet 
D) heat the cereal so that the iron particles melt and thereby coalesce 
A) add water and the iron particles will float to the top 
B) blend the cereal to a fine consistency and pass through a filter 
C) collect the iron filings with a magnet 
D) heat the cereal so that the iron particles melt and thereby coalesce

Question 9

Why is flushing a toilet with clean water from a municipal supply about as wasteful as flushing it with bottled water?

Accepted Answer

A) Bottled water is typically made from municipal water. 
B) Municipal water and bottle water have about the same level of purity. 
C) Both the bottled water and municipal water are generally free of pathogens. 
D) all of the above 
A) Bottled water is typically made from municipal water. 
B) Municipal water and bottle water have about the same level of purity. 
C) Both the bottled water and municipal water are generally free of pathogens. 
D) all of the above

Question 10

What property primarily determines the effect of temperature on the solubility of gas molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) the kinetic energy of the gas 
B) the polarity of the gas 
C) the molecular weight of the gas 
D) the ionic strength of the gas 
E) the dipole strength of the solvent 
A) the kinetic energy of the gas 
B) the polarity of the gas 
C) the molecular weight of the gas 
D) the ionic strength of the gas 
E) the dipole strength of the solvent

Question 11

Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.1 liter of water with 1 gram of sugar 
B) 2 liters of water with 0.2 gram of sugar 
C) 0.5 liter of water with 50 grams of sugar 
D) 3 liters of water with 30 grams of sugar 
E) They all have the same concentration. 
A) 0.1 liter of water with 1 gram of sugar 
B) 2 liters of water with 0.2 gram of sugar 
C) 0.5 liter of water with 50 grams of sugar 
D) 3 liters of water with 30 grams of sugar 
E) They all have the same concentration.

Question 12

What is the purpose of allowing water to cascade or bubble in a fountain during the purification process?

Accepted Answer

A) to mix air into the water and improve flavor 
B) to remove radioactive gases 
C) to remove unpleasant smelling chemicals like sulfur 
D) all of the above 
E) only A and B 
A) to mix air into the water and improve flavor 
B) to remove radioactive gases 
C) to remove unpleasant smelling chemicals like sulfur 
D) all of the above 
E) only A and B

Question 13

Read carefully.Twice as much as one million trillion is two million trillion.One thousand times as much is 1000 million trillion.One million times as much is 1,000,000 million trillion,which is the same as one trillion trillion.Thus,one trillion trillion is a million times greater than a million trillion.Got that? So how many more water molecules than impurity molecules are there in a glass of water that is 99.9999 percent pure?

Accepted Answer

A) 1000 (one thousand: 1 × $10 ^ { 3 }$ )more water molecules than impurities molecules 
B) 1,000,000 (one million: 1 × $10 ^ { 6 }$ )more water molecules than impurities molecules 
C) 1,000,000,000 (one billion: 1 × $10 ^ { 9 }$ )more water molecules than impurities molecules 
D) 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 (one million trillion: 1 × $10 ^ { 18 }$ 
A) 1000 (one thousand: 1 × $10 ^ { 3 }$ )more water molecules than impurities molecules 
B) 1,000,000 (one million: 1 × $10 ^ { 6 }$ )more water molecules than impurities molecules 
C) 1,000,000,000 (one billion: 1 × $10 ^ { 9 }$ )more water molecules than impurities molecules 
D) 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 (one million trillion: 1 × $10 ^ { 18 }$

Question 14

Which of the following statements describes a saturated solution?

Accepted Answer

A) a solution where the solvent cannot dissolve any more solute 
B) a solution of salt water with salt at the bottom 
C) a carbonated beverage with bubbles 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) a solution where the solvent cannot dissolve any more solute 
B) a solution of salt water with salt at the bottom 
C) a carbonated beverage with bubbles 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 15

If you need 10 moles of sucrose,how many liters of a 4.0 molar solution would you need?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.5 L 
B) 0.25 L 
C) 25 L 
D) 10.L 
E) none of the above 
A) 2.5 L 
B) 0.25 L 
C) 25 L 
D) 10.L 
E) none of the above

Question 16

Some people fear drinking distilled water because they have heard it leaches minerals from the body.What scientifically sound information might be offered to such a person?

Accepted Answer

A) add small amounts of salt to the distilled water before drinking it 
B) chill the distilled water to decrease its leaching potential 
C) buy distilled water that has also undergone reverse osmosis 
D) Distilled water is relatively pure water,which loses its purity once it mixes with everything else in your stomach. 
A) add small amounts of salt to the distilled water before drinking it 
B) chill the distilled water to decrease its leaching potential 
C) buy distilled water that has also undergone reverse osmosis 
D) Distilled water is relatively pure water,which loses its purity once it mixes with everything else in your stomach.

Question 17

Where does most of the solid mass of raw sewage end up after being collected at a treatment facility?

Accepted Answer

A) It is injected into the water table. 
B) It is buried in landfills. 
C) It is sold to farmers for fertilizer. 
D) It is tapped for the generation of methane gas. 
A) It is injected into the water table. 
B) It is buried in landfills. 
C) It is sold to farmers for fertilizer. 
D) It is tapped for the generation of methane gas.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about sewage is not true?

Accepted Answer

A) All municipalities must treat sewage the same way. 
B) All municipalities must treat sewage. 
C) Once treated,sewage is released to the environment. 
D) Treated sewage becomes drinking water downstream. 
E) None of the above are true. 
A) All municipalities must treat sewage the same way. 
B) All municipalities must treat sewage. 
C) Once treated,sewage is released to the environment. 
D) Treated sewage becomes drinking water downstream. 
E) None of the above are true.

Question 19

How many molecules of sucrose are in 0.5 L of a 1 molar solution of sucrose?

Accepted Answer

A) 3.01 × 1023 molecules of sucrose 
B) 6.02 × 1023 molecules of sucrose 
C) 12.04 × 1023 molecules of sucrose 
D) 0.5 
E) 1 gram 
A) 3.01 × 1023 molecules of sucrose 
B) 6.02 × 1023 molecules of sucrose 
C) 12.04 × 1023 molecules of sucrose 
D) 0.5 
E) 1 gram

Question 20

The air that a scuba diver breathes is pressurized to counteract the pressure exerted by the surrounding water.Under these conditions,excessive amounts of nitrogen dissolves in bodily fluids,such as blood.If the diver ascends to the surface too rapidly,the excessive nitrogen bubbles out of the bodily fluids-much like carbon dioxide bubbles out of a soda immediately after its has been opened.This results in a painful and potentially lethal medical condition known as the bends.Why does breathing a mixture of helium and oxygen rather than air help divers to avoid getting the bends?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxygen and helium have stronger attractions for each other than they do for the blood,so less helium will be dissolved in the blood and to cause the bends. 
B) The helium is less soluble in the bodily fluids and so less dissolves for a given pressure.Upon decompression,there is less helium to "bubble out" and cause potential harm. 
C) The nitrogen in the blood will bind to helium,and so will be exhaled rather than being stuck in the blood. 
D) Helium is a smaller molecule than nitrogen,so when it bubbles out of solution,it is less painful and less harmful to the body. 
A) Oxygen and helium have stronger attractions for each other than they do for the blood,so less helium will be dissolved in the blood and to cause the bends. 
B) The helium is less soluble in the bodily fluids and so less dissolves for a given pressure.Upon decompression,there is less helium to "bubble out" and cause potential harm. 
C) The nitrogen in the blood will bind to helium,and so will be exhaled rather than being stuck in the blood. 
D) Helium is a smaller molecule than nitrogen,so when it bubbles out of solution,it is less painful and less harmful to the body.

Exam 16: Mixtures

Describe what usually happens to a hot solution that is saturated with a solid as it cools.

How are intermolecular forces and solubility related?

Might reverse osmosis be used to obtain fresh water from a sugar-water solution?

Which of the following boxes represents a suspension? A B C

Which of the following is a pure substance?

A sample of steel is composed of 5 percent carbon and 95 percent iron.Which is the solvent?

Which of the following describes the term concentration?

Many dry cereals are fortified with iron,which is added to the cereal in the form of small iron particles.How might these particles be separated from the cereal?

Why is flushing a toilet with clean water from a municipal supply about as wasteful as flushing it with bottled water?

What property primarily determines the effect of temperature on the solubility of gas molecules?

Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated?

What is the purpose of allowing water to cascade or bubble in a fountain during the purification process?

Which of the following statements describes a saturated solution?

If you need 10 moles of sucrose,how many liters of a 4.0 molar solution would you need?

Some people fear drinking distilled water because they have heard it leaches minerals from the body.What scientifically sound information might be offered to such a person?

Where does most of the solid mass of raw sewage end up after being collected at a treatment facility?

Which of the following statements about sewage is not true?

How many molecules of sucrose are in 0.5 L of a 1 molar solution of sucrose?

Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium

Newtons Laws of Motion

Momentum and Energy

Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites

Fluid Mechanics

Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Heat Transfer and Change of Phase

Static and Current Electricity

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Waves and Sound

Light

Atoms and the Periodic Table

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity

Elements of Chemistry

How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract

How Chemicals React

Two Classes of Chemical Reactions

Organic Compounds

Rocks and Minerals

Plate Tectonics and Earths Interior

Shaping Earths Surface

Geologic Time - Reading the Rock Record

The Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climatic Effects

Driving Forces of Weather

The Solar System

Stars and Galaxies

The Structure of Space and Time

Prologue: The Nature of Science

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