Question 1

What happens when the molecule-to-molecule attractions in the solute are comparable to those in the solvent?

Accepted Answer

A) The solute can have infinite solubility in the solvent. 
B) The solute does not dissolve in the solvent. 
C) The material has only limited solubility in the solvent. 
D) The solution will become saturated. 
E) none of the above 
A) The solute can have infinite solubility in the solvent. 
B) The solute does not dissolve in the solvent. 
C) The material has only limited solubility in the solvent. 
D) The solution will become saturated. 
E) none of the above

Question 2

Each circle represents an atom.Which of the following boxes contains an element? A compound? A mixture?

Accepted Answer

A) element: A,C; compound: A,B,C; mixture: A,B 
B) element: C; compound: A,B; mixture: B 
C) element: A,C; compound: A,B; mixture: A 
D) element: A,C; compound: A,B; mixture: A,B 
A) element: A,C; compound: A,B,C; mixture: A,B 
B) element: C; compound: A,B; mixture: B 
C) element: A,C; compound: A,B; mixture: A 
D) element: A,C; compound: A,B; mixture: A,B

Question 3

Why does oxygen have such a low solubility in water?

Accepted Answer

A) Water's attraction for itself is stronger than its attraction for oxygen molecules. 
B) Water and oxygen only attract one another by means of weak dipole-induced dipole attractions. 
C) The hydrogen bonding in water keeps the oxygen solubility low. 
D) Both A and B are true. 
A) Water's attraction for itself is stronger than its attraction for oxygen molecules. 
B) Water and oxygen only attract one another by means of weak dipole-induced dipole attractions. 
C) The hydrogen bonding in water keeps the oxygen solubility low. 
D) Both A and B are true.

Question 4

Someone argues that he or she doesn't drink tap water because it contains thousands of molecules of some impurity in each glass.How would you respond in defense of the water's purity,if it indeed does contain thousands of molecules of some impurity per glass?

Accepted Answer

A) Impurities aren't necessarily bad,in fact,they may be good for you. 
B) The water contains water molecules and each water molecule is pure. 
C) There's no defense.If the water contains impurities it should not be drunk. 
D) Compared to the billions and billions of water molecules,a thousand molecules of something else is practically nothing. 
A) Impurities aren't necessarily bad,in fact,they may be good for you. 
B) The water contains water molecules and each water molecule is pure. 
C) There's no defense.If the water contains impurities it should not be drunk. 
D) Compared to the billions and billions of water molecules,a thousand molecules of something else is practically nothing.

Question 5

Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.5 L of a 3 molar solution 
B) 3.0 L of a 0.5 molar solution 
C) 2.0 L of a 1 molar solution 
D) 0.5 L of a 1 molar solution 
E) 2.0 L of a 2 molar solution 
A) 0.5 L of a 3 molar solution 
B) 3.0 L of a 0.5 molar solution 
C) 2.0 L of a 1 molar solution 
D) 0.5 L of a 1 molar solution 
E) 2.0 L of a 2 molar solution

Question 6

The following image represents which kind of matter?

Accepted Answer

A) a compound 
B) a mixture 
C) an element 
D) none of the above 
E) all of the above 
A) a compound 
B) a mixture 
C) an element 
D) none of the above 
E) all of the above

Question 7

If nitrogen, N2 ,were pumped into your lungs at high pressure,what would happen to its solubility in your blood stream?

Accepted Answer

A) The greater the pressure,the greater the solubility. 
B) The greater the pressure,the lower the solubility. 
C) You cannot change solubility of a substance by changing the pressure. 
D) Nitrogen is not soluble in your blood. 
A) The greater the pressure,the greater the solubility. 
B) The greater the pressure,the lower the solubility. 
C) You cannot change solubility of a substance by changing the pressure. 
D) Nitrogen is not soluble in your blood.

Question 8

How would you classify the following material? coffee (with milk)

Accepted Answer

A) a suspension 
B) a heterogeneous mixture 
C) a solution 
D) an element 
E) a compound 
A) a suspension 
B) a heterogeneous mixture 
C) a solution 
D) an element 
E) a compound

Question 9

How is the solubility of a gas affected by temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) As temperature goes up,the solubility goes up. 
B) As temperature goes down,the solubility goes down. 
C) As temperature goes up,the solubility stays the same. 
D) As temperature goes down,the solubility goes up. 
E) both A and B 
A) As temperature goes up,the solubility goes up. 
B) As temperature goes down,the solubility goes down. 
C) As temperature goes up,the solubility stays the same. 
D) As temperature goes down,the solubility goes up. 
E) both A and B

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a two-molar sucrose solution?

Accepted Answer

A) one liter of solution that contains 2 moles of sucrose 
B) one liter of solution that contains 2 moles of water 
C) one liter of solution that contains 6.02 × 1023 molecules of sucrose 
D) two liters of solution that contains 1 mole of sucrose 
E) one mole of sucrose dissolved in 2 liters of solution 
A) one liter of solution that contains 2 moles of sucrose 
B) one liter of solution that contains 2 moles of water 
C) one liter of solution that contains 6.02 × 1023 molecules of sucrose 
D) two liters of solution that contains 1 mole of sucrose 
E) one mole of sucrose dissolved in 2 liters of solution

Question 11

Which of the following would cost the least to purify by reverse osmosis?

Accepted Answer

A) agricultural runoff 
B) sea water 
C) brackish water 
D) All of the above are the same. 
E) None of the above can be purified by reverse osmosis. 
A) agricultural runoff 
B) sea water 
C) brackish water 
D) All of the above are the same. 
E) None of the above can be purified by reverse osmosis.

Question 12

Which of the following accurately describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

A) The more concentrated solution absorbs water from the less concentrated solution. 
B) The less concentrated solution absorbs water from the more concentrated solution. 
C) The less concentrated solution gets more dilute. 
D) The ions migrate from the more concentrated solution to the less concentrated. 
E) none of the above 
A) The more concentrated solution absorbs water from the less concentrated solution. 
B) The less concentrated solution absorbs water from the more concentrated solution. 
C) The less concentrated solution gets more dilute. 
D) The ions migrate from the more concentrated solution to the less concentrated. 
E) none of the above

Question 13

If you filter sea water to remove all of the particles you would be left with a clear

Accepted Answer

A) homogeneous mixture called a solution. 
B) homogeneous mixture called a suspension. 
C) heterogeneous mixture called a solution. 
D) heterogeneous mixture called a suspension. 
E) pure liquid. 
A) homogeneous mixture called a solution. 
B) homogeneous mixture called a suspension. 
C) heterogeneous mixture called a solution. 
D) heterogeneous mixture called a suspension. 
E) pure liquid.

Question 14

Account for the observation that ethyl alcohol, $\mathrm { C } _ { 2 }$ $\mathrm { H } _ { 5 }$ OH,dissolves readily in water but dimethyl ether,C $\mathrm { H } _ { 3 }$ OC $\mathrm { H } _ { 3 }$ ,which has the same number and kinds of atoms,does not.

Accepted Answer

A) The hydrogens on the dimethyl ether surround the molecule,shielding the inner atoms from interacting with the water. 
B) Because the carbons arrange themselves in a straight line,the ethanol can interact more easily with more water molecules,thus increasing its solubility. 
C) The high electronegativity of the carbon-oxygen-carbon bond on dimethyl ether creates a strong dipole charge on the ends of the molecule,making it highly soluble in water. 
D) Because dimethyl ether lacks an -OH group,it is significantly less polar than is ethyl alcohol and is not readily soluble in water. 
A) The hydrogens on the dimethyl ether surround the molecule,shielding the inner atoms from interacting with the water. 
B) Because the carbons arrange themselves in a straight line,the ethanol can interact more easily with more water molecules,thus increasing its solubility. 
C) The high electronegativity of the carbon-oxygen-carbon bond on dimethyl ether creates a strong dipole charge on the ends of the molecule,making it highly soluble in water. 
D) Because dimethyl ether lacks an -OH group,it is significantly less polar than is ethyl alcohol and is not readily soluble in water.

Question 15

During osmosis

Accepted Answer

A) the water moves into the concentrated solution faster than it leaves. 
B) the ions move into the concentrated solution faster than they leave. 
C) the water moves more slowly into the concentrated solution than it leaves. 
D) the ions move into the concentrated solution slower than they leave. 
E) all of the above 
A) the water moves into the concentrated solution faster than it leaves. 
B) the ions move into the concentrated solution faster than they leave. 
C) the water moves more slowly into the concentrated solution than it leaves. 
D) the ions move into the concentrated solution slower than they leave. 
E) all of the above

Question 16

If the solubility of a compound is 30 grams per liter,how much solid is left undissolved if you mix 30 g of the compound in 0.33 L of solution?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 g 
B) 10 g 
C) 0 g 
D) 30 g 
E) 33 g 
A) 20 g 
B) 10 g 
C) 0 g 
D) 30 g 
E) 33 g

Question 17

Many solvents expand to occupy greater volumes with increasing temperature.What happens to the concentration of a solution made with such a solvent as its temperature is increased?

Accepted Answer

A) Since concentration depends on how much mass is dissolved in a given volume,as the volume increases,the concentration decreases. 
B) The concentration of a solution increases as the solute fits into the new spaces between the molecules. 
C) Since it has a greater ability to dissolve more solute at a higher temperature,its concentration has decreased. 
D) Since it has a greater ability to dissolve more solute at a higher temperature,its concentration has increased. 
A) Since concentration depends on how much mass is dissolved in a given volume,as the volume increases,the concentration decreases. 
B) The concentration of a solution increases as the solute fits into the new spaces between the molecules. 
C) Since it has a greater ability to dissolve more solute at a higher temperature,its concentration has decreased. 
D) Since it has a greater ability to dissolve more solute at a higher temperature,its concentration has increased.

Question 18

Which of the following statements does not describes the similarity between soaps and detergents?

Accepted Answer

A) They have a polar ionic end and a long nonpolar tail. 
B) Both dissolve oils. 
C) Both are synthetic. 
D) Both are biodegradable. 
E) Both are made from fatty acids. 
A) They have a polar ionic end and a long nonpolar tail. 
B) Both dissolve oils. 
C) Both are synthetic. 
D) Both are biodegradable. 
E) Both are made from fatty acids.

Question 19

Fatty acid molecules can align to form a barrier called a bilipid layer,shown below.In this schematic,the ionic end of the fatty acid is shown as a circle and the nonpolar chain is shown as a squiggly line.   From the schematic above: why do nonpolar molecules have a difficult time passing through the bilipid layer?

Accepted Answer

A) The nonpolar molecules are too large for the space through which they need to pass. 
B) The nonpolar molecules are repelled by the polar water molecules. 
C) The nonpolar molecules have a difficult time getting past the ionic heads of the fatty acid molecules,which are surrounded by water molecules. 
D) Nonpolar molecules tend to bind with the bilipid layer,thus inhibiting their passage. 
A) The nonpolar molecules are too large for the space through which they need to pass. 
B) The nonpolar molecules are repelled by the polar water molecules. 
C) The nonpolar molecules have a difficult time getting past the ionic heads of the fatty acid molecules,which are surrounded by water molecules. 
D) Nonpolar molecules tend to bind with the bilipid layer,thus inhibiting their passage.

Question 20

What is the molarity when water is added to 2 moles of sodium chloride to make 0.5 liter of solution?

Accepted Answer

A) 8 M 
B) 4 M 
C) 5 M 
D) 2.5 M 
A) 8 M 
B) 4 M 
C) 5 M 
D) 2.5 M

Exam 16: Mixtures

What happens when the molecule-to-molecule attractions in the solute are comparable to those in the solvent?

Each circle represents an atom.Which of the following boxes contains an element? A compound? A mixture?

Why does oxygen have such a low solubility in water?

Someone argues that he or she doesn't drink tap water because it contains thousands of molecules of some impurity in each glass.How would you respond in defense of the water's purity,if it indeed does contain thousands of molecules of some impurity per glass?

Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated?

The following image represents which kind of matter?

If nitrogen, N2 ,were pumped into your lungs at high pressure,what would happen to its solubility in your blood stream?

How would you classify the following material? coffee (with milk)

How is the solubility of a gas affected by temperature?

Which of the following best describes a two-molar sucrose solution?

Which of the following would cost the least to purify by reverse osmosis?

Which of the following accurately describes osmosis?

If you filter sea water to remove all of the particles you would be left with a clear

Account for the observation that ethyl alcohol, C2\mathrm { C } _ { 2 }C2​ H5\mathrm { H } _ { 5 }H5​ OH,dissolves readily in water but dimethyl ether,C H3\mathrm { H } _ { 3 }H3​ OC H3\mathrm { H } _ { 3 }H3​ ,which has the same number and kinds of atoms,does not.

During osmosis

If the solubility of a compound is 30 grams per liter,how much solid is left undissolved if you mix 30 g of the compound in 0.33 L of solution?

Many solvents expand to occupy greater volumes with increasing temperature.What happens to the concentration of a solution made with such a solvent as its temperature is increased?

Which of the following statements does not describes the similarity between soaps and detergents?

What is the molarity when water is added to 2 moles of sodium chloride to make 0.5 liter of solution?

Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium

Newtons Laws of Motion

Momentum and Energy

Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites

Fluid Mechanics

Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Heat Transfer and Change of Phase

Static and Current Electricity

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Waves and Sound

Light

Atoms and the Periodic Table

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity

Elements of Chemistry

How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract

How Chemicals React

Two Classes of Chemical Reactions

Organic Compounds

Rocks and Minerals

Plate Tectonics and Earths Interior

Shaping Earths Surface

Geologic Time - Reading the Rock Record

The Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climatic Effects

Driving Forces of Weather

The Solar System

Stars and Galaxies

The Structure of Space and Time

Prologue: The Nature of Science

Filters

If nitrogen, N₂ ,were pumped into your lungs at high pressure,what would happen to its solubility in your blood stream?