Question 1

What is the valence shell?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom. 
B) It is the shell of electrons in an atom that is the least reactive. 
C) It is the last partially filled orbital in an atom. 
D) It is the shell of electrons in element V (atomic no.= 23) 
E) It is the same as the orbital configuration. 
A) It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom. 
B) It is the shell of electrons in an atom that is the least reactive. 
C) It is the last partially filled orbital in an atom. 
D) It is the shell of electrons in element V (atomic no.= 23) 
E) It is the same as the orbital configuration.

Question 2

Which of the following elements will most likely not form an ion at all?

Accepted Answer

A) Na 
B) O 
C) Ar 
D) Mg 
E) Br 
A) Na 
B) O 
C) Ar 
D) Mg 
E) Br

Question 3

Which of the following has the greatest number of nonbonding pairs of electrons?

Accepted Answer

A) C 
B) H 
C) He 
D) F 
E) S 
A) C 
B) H 
C) He 
D) F 
E) S

Question 4

Which of the following substances contains F-ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  PF3 
B)  F2 
C)  CF4 
D)  CaF2 
E) all of the above 
A)  PF3 
B)  F2 
C)  CF4 
D)  CaF2 
E) all of the above

Question 5

How are oxygen molecules attracted to water molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) The attraction between oxygen and water molecules is a classic example of dipole-dipole interaction. 
B) The hydrogen bonding in water causes the attraction of the oxygen atoms in the $\mathrm { O } _ { 2 }$ molecule to water. 
C) As a water molecule is brought close to an oxygen molecule an induced dipole results in the $\mathrm { O } _ { 2 }$ molecule causing the attraction. 
D) The attraction of oxygen and water molecules for one another is part of the common atom effect.Since both molecules contain oxygen,there is a built-in attraction. 
A) The attraction between oxygen and water molecules is a classic example of dipole-dipole interaction. 
B) The hydrogen bonding in water causes the attraction of the oxygen atoms in the $\mathrm { O } _ { 2 }$ molecule to water. 
C) As a water molecule is brought close to an oxygen molecule an induced dipole results in the $\mathrm { O } _ { 2 }$ molecule causing the attraction. 
D) The attraction of oxygen and water molecules for one another is part of the common atom effect.Since both molecules contain oxygen,there is a built-in attraction.

Question 6

How many more electrons can fit within the valence shell of a hydrogen atom?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 7 
D) 0 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 7 
D) 0

Question 7

What is the difference between a dipole-dipole interaction and an ion-dipole interaction?

Accepted Answer

A) one involves dipole attraction between neutral molecules while the other involves dipole interactions with ions 
B) one involves hydrogen bonding while the other does not 
C) one involves salts and water while the other doesn't involve water 
D) one involves ionic molecules interacting with other ionic molecules while the other deals with polar molecules 
E) none of the above 
A) one involves dipole attraction between neutral molecules while the other involves dipole interactions with ions 
B) one involves hydrogen bonding while the other does not 
C) one involves salts and water while the other doesn't involve water 
D) one involves ionic molecules interacting with other ionic molecules while the other deals with polar molecules 
E) none of the above

Question 8

How many covalent bonds would the following generic atom usually form?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 8 
E) would usually not form any covalent bonds 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 8 
E) would usually not form any covalent bonds

Question 9

Why is metal shiny?

Accepted Answer

A) The loose electrons reflect most wavelengths of light. 
B) The electrons transmit most wavelengths of light. 
C) The electrons absorb each light wave. 
D) The electrons emit light due to electronic excitation. 
E) all of the above 
A) The loose electrons reflect most wavelengths of light. 
B) The electrons transmit most wavelengths of light. 
C) The electrons absorb each light wave. 
D) The electrons emit light due to electronic excitation. 
E) all of the above

Question 10

What is the name for the following polyatomic ion? PO4-3

Accepted Answer

A) phosphate 
B) phosphorus oxide 
C) phosphinate 
D) trioxo phosphoride 
E) potassium 
A) phosphate 
B) phosphorus oxide 
C) phosphinate 
D) trioxo phosphoride 
E) potassium

Question 11

How many valence electrons does boron (B,atomic no.= 5)have?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 12

Atoms of metallic elements can form ionic bonds,but they are not very good at forming covalent bonds.Why?

Accepted Answer

A) These atoms are too large to be able to come in close contact with other atoms. 
B) They have a great tendency to lose electrons. 
C) Their valence shells are already filled with electrons. 
D) They are on the wrong side of the periodic table. 
A) These atoms are too large to be able to come in close contact with other atoms. 
B) They have a great tendency to lose electrons. 
C) Their valence shells are already filled with electrons. 
D) They are on the wrong side of the periodic table.

Question 13

If the concentration of gold in seawater is 2.0 milligram per ton of sea water and the mass of the ocean is 1.5 × 1018 tons,how much gold is in the ocean?

Accepted Answer

A) 3.0 × 1012 kg 
B) 3.0 kg 
C) 300 g 
D) 36 mg 
E) 3000 lb 
A) 3.0 × 1012 kg 
B) 3.0 kg 
C) 300 g 
D) 36 mg 
E) 3000 lb

Question 14

Which of the following bonds would be the most polar?

Accepted Answer

A) C-F 
B) C-Cl 
C) C-Br 
D) C-I 
E) All are equally polar. 
A) C-F 
B) C-Cl 
C) C-Br 
D) C-I 
E) All are equally polar.

Question 15

Which of the following is a negative ion?

Accepted Answer

A) Na+1 
B) Na 
C) O-2 
D) O 
E) all of the above 
A) Na+1 
B) Na 
C) O-2 
D) O 
E) all of the above

Question 16

What property of alloys make them ideal for developing new materials?

Accepted Answer

A) The characteristics of the material change depending on how much of each component is present. 
B) Alloys are very rigid and are extremely resistant to chemical decomposition. 
C) The size of the atoms involved is directly related the electrical conductivity. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) The characteristics of the material change depending on how much of each component is present. 
B) Alloys are very rigid and are extremely resistant to chemical decomposition. 
C) The size of the atoms involved is directly related the electrical conductivity. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 17

Which should be larger,the potassium atom,K,or the potassium ion,K⁺?

Accepted Answer

A) The potassium ion,K⁺ is larger since charging an atom always makes it larger. 
B) The potassium atom,K,with an additional shell of electrons is larger. 
C) The potassium ion,K⁺ is larger since it has an extra electron which increases its size. 
D) The potassium atom and the potassium ion are exactly the same size and only differ in charge. 
A) The potassium ion,K⁺ is larger since charging an atom always makes it larger. 
B) The potassium atom,K,with an additional shell of electrons is larger. 
C) The potassium ion,K⁺ is larger since it has an extra electron which increases its size. 
D) The potassium atom and the potassium ion are exactly the same size and only differ in charge.

Question 18

If the following generic atom were to undergo ionization,what would be the charge of the most likely product?

Accepted Answer

A) +2 
B) -2 
C) -6 
D) +6 
E) would probably not ionize 
A) +2 
B) -2 
C) -6 
D) +6 
E) would probably not ionize

Question 19

Which of the following statements describes a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) The electrons in the molecule are distributed evenly throughout the molecule. 
B) The molecules are usually not attracted to one another very strongly. 
C) Polar molecules have the weakest intermolecular interactions with ionic compounds. 
D) The molecules have a high degree of symmetry. 
E) None of these statements describe polar molecules. 
A) The electrons in the molecule are distributed evenly throughout the molecule. 
B) The molecules are usually not attracted to one another very strongly. 
C) Polar molecules have the weakest intermolecular interactions with ionic compounds. 
D) The molecules have a high degree of symmetry. 
E) None of these statements describe polar molecules.

Question 20

Classify the following bonds as ionic,covalent,or neither (O,atomic number 8; F,atomic number 9; Na,atomic number 11; Cl,atomic number 17; U,atomic number 92). 
O with F 
Ca with Cl 
Na with Na

Accepted Answer

A) covalent,ionic,covalent 
B) ionic,covalent,neither 
C) neither,ionic,covalent 
D) covalent,ionic,neither 
A) covalent,ionic,covalent 
B) ionic,covalent,neither 
C) neither,ionic,covalent 
D) covalent,ionic,neither

Exam 15: How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract

What is the valence shell?

Which of the following elements will most likely not form an ion at all?

Which of the following has the greatest number of nonbonding pairs of electrons?

Which of the following substances contains F-ions?

How are oxygen molecules attracted to water molecules?

How many more electrons can fit within the valence shell of a hydrogen atom?

What is the difference between a dipole-dipole interaction and an ion-dipole interaction?

How many covalent bonds would the following generic atom usually form?

Why is metal shiny?

What is the name for the following polyatomic ion? PO4-3

How many valence electrons does boron (B,atomic no.= 5)have?

Atoms of metallic elements can form ionic bonds,but they are not very good at forming covalent bonds.Why?

If the concentration of gold in seawater is 2.0 milligram per ton of sea water and the mass of the ocean is 1.5 × 1018 tons,how much gold is in the ocean?

Which of the following bonds would be the most polar?

Which of the following is a negative ion?

What property of alloys make them ideal for developing new materials?

Which should be larger,the potassium atom,K,or the potassium ion,K⁺?

If the following generic atom were to undergo ionization,what would be the charge of the most likely product?

Which of the following statements describes a polar molecule?

Classify the following bonds as ionic,covalent,or neither (O,atomic number 8; F,atomic number 9; Na,atomic number 11; Cl,atomic number 17; U,atomic number 92). O with F Ca with Cl Na with Na

Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium

Newtons Laws of Motion

Momentum and Energy

Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites

Fluid Mechanics

Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Heat Transfer and Change of Phase

Static and Current Electricity

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Waves and Sound

Light

Atoms and the Periodic Table

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity

Elements of Chemistry

Mixtures

How Chemicals React

Two Classes of Chemical Reactions

Organic Compounds

Rocks and Minerals

Plate Tectonics and Earths Interior

Shaping Earths Surface

Geologic Time - Reading the Rock Record

The Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climatic Effects

Driving Forces of Weather

The Solar System

Stars and Galaxies

The Structure of Space and Time

Prologue: The Nature of Science

Filters

Which of the following substances contains F^-ions?

What is the name for the following polyatomic ion? PO₄^-3

If the concentration of gold in seawater is 2.0 milligram per ton of sea water and the mass of the ocean is 1.5 × 10¹⁸ tons,how much gold is in the ocean?