Exam 12: Accounting for Financial Instruments

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For a designated cash flow hedge,IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement requires the gain or loss on the hedging instrument to be transferred initially to equity and subsequently to profit or loss to offset the gains or losses on the hedged item.

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Describe the key issue for determining the existence of a financial asset or financial liability.How does 'exchanging financial assets or financial liabilities with another entity under conditions that are potentially favourable or potentially unfavourable' help determine the classification of an instrument as an asset or liability?

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According to IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation a financial instrument is: any contract that gives rise to both a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.If these components do not exist the item is not deemed to be a financial instrument.
Financial assets are defined from the perspective of the holder of the financial instrument,whereas financial liabilities and equity instruments are defined from the perspective of the issuing organisation.
Refer to paragraph 11 of IAS 32,'financial asset' means any asset that is (c)a contractual right (ii)to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities with another entity under conditions that are potentially favourable to the entity
'Financial liability',on the other hand (and remember,a financial liability and equity instrument are defined from the perspective of the issuing entity),means any liability that is (a)a contractual obligation (ii)to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities with another entity under conditions that are potentially unfavourable to the entity.
For more information refer to 'Financial instruments defined'.

The following journal entry pertains to convertible notes with a face value of €10 million: Convertible notes liability 9814806 Convertible notes (equity component) 662432 Share capital 10477238 Which of the following statements are correct?

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The exercise price of an option:

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Prepayments are:

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The most commonly issued equity instrument would be a redeemable preference share.

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The characteristics of a call option are best described as follows:

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Compound instruments contain both a financial liability and equity component but exclude convertible notes.

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The market price of an option is a function of:

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Distinguish futures contracts entered for hedge purposes from futures contracts entered for speculative purposes.

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A potential downturn in the share market can be overcome by:

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Explain how financial instruments would be classified as financial liabilities or equity instruments.

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An attribute of an equity instrument is that:

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In a convertible note,the embedded option to convert the liability into the equity of the issuer has a fair value of zero on initial recognition when the option is out of the money.

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An equity instrument of another entity is classified as a 'financial instrument'. TRUE

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Financial assets do not include:

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Layton Enterprises and Hewitt Ltd agree to swap their loans.The terms of the loans are: Layton Enterprises Hewitt Ltd Term: 4 years Term: 4 years Amount: \ 750000 Amount: \ 750000 Fixed interest rate: 10\% Floating: bank bill rate plus 0.8\% Under the swap agreement Layton Enterprises will make floating rate payments to Hewitt Ltd at the bank bill rate plus 0.8% and Hewitt will make fixed rate payments to Layton Enterprises at 12%. Layton Enterprises' alternative to the fixed interest loan was to pay the bank bill rate (a floating rate).Hewitt's alternative was to pay a fixed interest rate of 13.5%. Is each company better off under the swap agreement than if it had taken up the alternatives offered by the bank? What is the net difference in the interest rate paid under the swap and the alternative for each company?

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Financial instruments have recently been developed and used for what purposes?

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What is a foreign currency swap and discuss why organisations enter into swap arrangements with other parties?

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Which of the following items is not a financial instrument?

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