Question 1

What is a disadvantage of using the strongest manipulation possible in a research?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can result in nonsignificant findings. 
B)  It can cause a ceiling effect. 
C)  It creates a situation different from a real-world situation. 
D)  It invalidates previous published researches. 
A)  It can result in nonsignificant findings. 
B)  It can cause a ceiling effect. 
C)  It creates a situation different from a real-world situation. 
D)  It invalidates previous published researches.

Question 2

In order to study the human behavioral patterns during crisis situations,Clara first conducts a trial run with a small number of participants.She does so to make sure that the instructions are clear to the participants and the whole experimental setting is plausible.This procedure is an example of a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulation check 
B)  double-blind study 
C)  pilot study 
D)  research proposal 
A)  manipulation check 
B)  double-blind study 
C)  pilot study 
D)  research proposal

Question 3

The manipulation check is advantageous if _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  double-blind procedures are used 
B)  the results obtained are nonsignificant 
C)  single-blind procedures are used 
D)  the demand characteristics are minimal 
A)  double-blind procedures are used 
B)  the results obtained are nonsignificant 
C)  single-blind procedures are used 
D)  the demand characteristics are minimal

Question 4

How can expectancy effects be reduced?

Accepted Answer

A)  By using experimenters who are aware of the hypothesis being investigated 
B)  By running participants in all groups one-by-one 
C)  By using a double-blind experiment 
D)  By avoiding the use of balanced placebo design 
A)  By using experimenters who are aware of the hypothesis being investigated 
B)  By running participants in all groups one-by-one 
C)  By using a double-blind experiment 
D)  By avoiding the use of balanced placebo design

Question 5

Phillipe,a researcher,examined the effect of lighting on learning.Randomly assigned participants learned material while using a 100-watt or a 125-watt bulb.He found no differences between the two groups.The nonsignificant results may have occurred because of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a costly measure of learning 
B)  insufficient strength of the manipulation 
C)  selection differences 
D)  the use of staged manipulation 
A)  a costly measure of learning 
B)  insufficient strength of the manipulation 
C)  selection differences 
D)  the use of staged manipulation

Question 6

Michelle conducts an experiment on the effect of low and high anxiety on test performance.The results achieved are nonsignificant.She does not know if anxiety truly has no effect on performance or whether she had conducted faulty procedures.How could this ambiguity be avoided?

Accepted Answer

A)  By conducting an ethics evaluation 
B)  By checking the external validity of the variables 
C)  By factorial study using better controls 
D)  By conducting a manipulation check 
A)  By conducting an ethics evaluation 
B)  By checking the external validity of the variables 
C)  By factorial study using better controls 
D)  By conducting a manipulation check

Question 7

Without informing them,a researcher assigns participants to either an experimental or a placebo group.The researcher's assistants who test the participants do not know who belongs to which group.The experiment has used a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  single-blind technique 
B)  double-blind technique 
C)  strong experimental manipulation 
D)  behavioral measure 
A)  single-blind technique 
B)  double-blind technique 
C)  strong experimental manipulation 
D)  behavioral measure

Question 8

Dr.Mills measures participants' brain-wave activity in order to study the brain's response to sounds of varying frequencies.Which type of physiological measure is Dr.Mills using in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A)  Galvanic skin response 
B)  Electromyogram 
C)  Electroencephalogram 
D)  Electrocardiogram 
A)  Galvanic skin response 
B)  Electromyogram 
C)  Electroencephalogram 
D)  Electrocardiogram

Question 9

Which of the following is true of statistical analysis of data?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allows the researcher to examine and interpret the pattern of results obtained. 
B)  It includes a literature review that provides a background for a study. 
C)  It does not enable researchers to decide if there is any relationship between the variables. 
D)  It is usually the first step in a research and precedes data collection. 
A)  It allows the researcher to examine and interpret the pattern of results obtained. 
B)  It includes a literature review that provides a background for a study. 
C)  It does not enable researchers to decide if there is any relationship between the variables. 
D)  It is usually the first step in a research and precedes data collection.

Question 10

Any feature of an experiment that might inform participants of the purpose of the study is called a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenter expectancy 
B)  demand characteristic 
C)  placebo effect 
D)  manipulation check 
A)  experimenter expectancy 
B)  demand characteristic 
C)  placebo effect 
D)  manipulation check

Question 11

In the context of physiological measures,the electromyogram is used to measure _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  brain activity 
B)  muscle tension 
C)  emotional arousal 
D)  learning ability 
A)  brain activity 
B)  muscle tension 
C)  emotional arousal 
D)  learning ability

Question 12

Dr.Norman studies the tension in a participant's neck muscles as she completes a strenuous physical task.Which physiological measurement variable is Dr.Norman likely to use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electromyogram 
B)  Electroencephalogram 
C)  Electrocardiogram 
D)  Galvanic skin response 
A)  Electromyogram 
B)  Electroencephalogram 
C)  Electrocardiogram 
D)  Galvanic skin response

Question 13

Identify a reason for using staged manipulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  To simulate some situation that occurs in the real world 
B)  To keep all extraneous variables under control 
C)  To create some physiological state in the confederates 
D)  To manipulate a dependent variable with relative simplicity 
A)  To simulate some situation that occurs in the real world 
B)  To keep all extraneous variables under control 
C)  To create some physiological state in the confederates 
D)  To manipulate a dependent variable with relative simplicity

Question 14

When the independent variable appears to have no effect on the dependent measure because the participants quickly reach the maximum performance level,it is known as _____ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  performance 
B)  floor 
C)  ceiling 
D)  order 
A)  performance 
B)  floor 
C)  ceiling 
D)  order

Question 15

A(n)_____ provides evidence to indicate what brain processes are involved while an individual works on a cognitive task.

Accepted Answer

A)  microtomography 
B)  electroencephalogram 
C)  functional MRI 
D)  electromyogram 
A)  microtomography 
B)  electroencephalogram 
C)  functional MRI 
D)  electromyogram

Question 16

Williams,a criminal investigator,measures a suspect's change in perspiration in response to questions regarding a burglary case.Which type of physiological measure is the investigator using?

Accepted Answer

A)  Galvanic skin response 
B)  Electromyogram 
C)  Electroencephalogram 
D)  Functional MRI 
A)  Galvanic skin response 
B)  Electromyogram 
C)  Electroencephalogram 
D)  Functional MRI

Question 17

Which of the following is a potential source of experimenter bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  The experimenter using the same method to record participants' behaviors 
B)  The experimenter being unaware of the participants' personality characteristics 
C)  The procedures used for the experiments being automated 
D)  The presence of subtle differences in the way the experimenter interprets the behaviors 
A)  The experimenter using the same method to record participants' behaviors 
B)  The experimenter being unaware of the participants' personality characteristics 
C)  The procedures used for the experiments being automated 
D)  The presence of subtle differences in the way the experimenter interprets the behaviors

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of the use of staged manipulations?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are easier to replicate than straightforward manipulations. 
B)  They are easier to interpret than straightforward manipulations. 
C)  They are used to involve participants in an ongoing social situation that is perceived as real. 
D)  They allow for less subtle interpersonal communication that can easily be put into words. 
A)  They are easier to replicate than straightforward manipulations. 
B)  They are easier to interpret than straightforward manipulations. 
C)  They are used to involve participants in an ongoing social situation that is perceived as real. 
D)  They allow for less subtle interpersonal communication that can easily be put into words.

Question 19

Which type of manipulation manipulates variables with instructions and stimulus presentations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Staged 
B)  Straightforward 
C)  Stimulus 
D)  Physical 
A)  Staged 
B)  Straightforward 
C)  Stimulus 
D)  Physical

Question 20

Why do experimenters generally do not wish to inform participants about the specific hypotheses being studied?

Accepted Answer

A)  To provide a variety of alternative explanations for the results 
B)  Due to the problem of ethical considerations 
C)  To eliminate issues associated with expectancy effects 
D)  Due to the problem of demand characteristics 
A)  To provide a variety of alternative explanations for the results 
B)  Due to the problem of ethical considerations 
C)  To eliminate issues associated with expectancy effects 
D)  Due to the problem of demand characteristics

What is a disadvantage of using the strongest manipulation possible in a research?

The manipulation check is advantageous if _____.

How can expectancy effects be reduced?

Phillipe,a researcher,examined the effect of lighting on learning.Randomly assigned participants learned material while using a 100-watt or a 125-watt bulb.He found no differences between the two groups.The nonsignificant results may have occurred because of _____.

Michelle conducts an experiment on the effect of low and high anxiety on test performance.The results achieved are nonsignificant.She does not know if anxiety truly has no effect on performance or whether she had conducted faulty procedures.How could this ambiguity be avoided?

Without informing them,a researcher assigns participants to either an experimental or a placebo group.The researcher's assistants who test the participants do not know who belongs to which group.The experiment has used a _____.

Dr.Mills measures participants' brain-wave activity in order to study the brain's response to sounds of varying frequencies.Which type of physiological measure is Dr.Mills using in this scenario?

Which of the following is true of statistical analysis of data?

Any feature of an experiment that might inform participants of the purpose of the study is called a(n)_____.

In the context of physiological measures,the electromyogram is used to measure _____.

Dr.Norman studies the tension in a participant's neck muscles as she completes a strenuous physical task.Which physiological measurement variable is Dr.Norman likely to use?

Identify a reason for using staged manipulation.

When the independent variable appears to have no effect on the dependent measure because the participants quickly reach the maximum performance level,it is known as _____ effect.

A(n)_____ provides evidence to indicate what brain processes are involved while an individual works on a cognitive task.

Williams,a criminal investigator,measures a suspect's change in perspiration in response to questions regarding a burglary case.Which type of physiological measure is the investigator using?

Which of the following is a potential source of experimenter bias?

Which of the following statements is true of the use of staged manipulations?

Which type of manipulation manipulates variables with instructions and stimulus presentations?

Why do experimenters generally do not wish to inform participants about the specific hypotheses being studied?

Scientific Understanding of Behavior

Where to Start

Ethics in Behavioral Research

Fundamental Research Issues

Measurement Concepts

Observational Methods

Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research

Experimental Design

Complex Experimental Designs

Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research

Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation

Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference

Generalization

Filters

Exam 9: Conducting Experiments

What is a disadvantage of using the strongest manipulation possible in a research?

The manipulation check is advantageous if _____.

How can expectancy effects be reduced?

Phillipe,a researcher,examined the effect of lighting on learning.Randomly assigned participants learned material while using a 100-watt or a 125-watt bulb.He found no differences between the two groups.The nonsignificant results may have occurred because of _____.

Michelle conducts an experiment on the effect of low and high anxiety on test performance.The results achieved are nonsignificant.She does not know if anxiety truly has no effect on performance or whether she had conducted faulty procedures.How could this ambiguity be avoided?

Without informing them,a researcher assigns participants to either an experimental or a placebo group.The researcher's assistants who test the participants do not know who belongs to which group.The experiment has used a _____.

Dr.Mills measures participants' brain-wave activity in order to study the brain's response to sounds of varying frequencies.Which type of physiological measure is Dr.Mills using in this scenario?

Which of the following is true of statistical analysis of data?

Any feature of an experiment that might inform participants of the purpose of the study is called a(n)_____.

In the context of physiological measures,the electromyogram is used to measure _____.

Dr.Norman studies the tension in a participant's neck muscles as she completes a strenuous physical task.Which physiological measurement variable is Dr.Norman likely to use?

Identify a reason for using staged manipulation.

When the independent variable appears to have no effect on the dependent measure because the participants quickly reach the maximum performance level,it is known as _____ effect.

A(n)_____ provides evidence to indicate what brain processes are involved while an individual works on a cognitive task.

Williams,a criminal investigator,measures a suspect's change in perspiration in response to questions regarding a burglary case.Which type of physiological measure is the investigator using?

Which of the following is a potential source of experimenter bias?

Which of the following statements is true of the use of staged manipulations?

Which type of manipulation manipulates variables with instructions and stimulus presentations?

Why do experimenters generally do not wish to inform participants about the specific hypotheses being studied?

Scientific Understanding of Behavior

Where to Start

Ethics in Behavioral Research

Fundamental Research Issues

Measurement Concepts

Observational Methods

Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research

Experimental Design

Complex Experimental Designs

Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research

Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation

Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference

Generalization

Filters